CELL CYCLE

1. Which of the following correctly lists the main phases of the cell cycle?
A. Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
B. Interphase, Prophase, Anaphase
C. G1 Phase, S Phase, G2 Phase
D. DNA replication, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

2. During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell primarily grow and prepare for DNA
replication?
A. Mitosis
B. S Phase
C. G1 Phase
D. Cytokinesis

3. What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle?

A. The cell stops growing
B. DNA replication occurs
C. The nucleus divides
D. The cytoplasm divides

4. What is the function of the G2 phase in the cell cycle?

A. DNA replication
B. Nuclear division
C. Cytoplasmic division
D. Final growth and preparation for mitosis

5. What is the significance of the checkpoints in the cell cycle?

A. They ensure that the cell is growing properly before division
B. They prevent the cell from multiplying
C. They stop all cell functions
D. They destroy any DNA in the cell

6. Which phase of the cell cycle is responsible for nuclear division?

A. Interphase
B. Mitosis
C. Cytokinesis
D. S Phase

7. What structure is duplicated during the S phase to help with spindle formation in
mitosis?
A. Chromosomes
B. Centrosomes
C. Ribosomes
D. Mitochondria
8. During which phase does the cytoplasm divide?
A. G1 Phase
B. S Phase
C. Cytokinesis
D. Mitosis

9. Why is DNA replication important in the cell cycle?

A. It ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of genetic material
B. It allows the cell to grow larger before division
C. It provides energy for the cell to complete mitosis
D. It helps the cytoplasm divide evenly

10. If a cell is in the G1 phase, what will happen next if it passes the checkpoint?
A. It will enter mitosis
B. It will proceed to the S phase
C. It will immediately divide
D. It will enter cytokinesis

MITOSIS

1. What happens during prophase of mitosis?

A. Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
B. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and the nuclear membrane breaks down
C. Chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell
D. The cytoplasm divides

2. In which phase do chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?

A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase

3. What structure helps pull the chromosomes apart during mitosis?

A. Ribosomes
B. Spindle fibers
C. Nucleolus
D. Cell membrane

4. What is the final phase of mitosis, where new nuclei start to form?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
5. What happens during cytokinesis?
A. The nucleus divides
B. The cytoplasm divides, forming two new daughter cells
C. DNA replication occurs
D. The chromosomes become visible

6. Which type of cells undergo mitosis?

A. Gametes (sperm and egg cells)
B. Bacteria cells
C. Somatic cells (body cells)
D. Virus-infected cells only

7. Which of the following is NOT an example of a somatic cell?

A. Skin cell
B. Muscle cell
C. Sperm cell
D. Bone cell

8. Why is mitosis important for living organisms?

A. It creates genetic variation
B. It allows for growth, development, and repair
C. It reduces the number of chromosomes in a cell
D. It helps organisms produce gametes

9. Before mitosis occurs, what must happen during the S phase of interphase?
A. The nucleus breaks down
B. The cytoplasm divides
C. DNA is duplicated
D. The chromosomes move to opposite poles

10. How many daughter cells are produced at the end of mitosis?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

MEIOSIS

1. What is the purpose of meiosis?

A. To produce somatic (body) cells
B. To create genetically identical cells
C. To produce gametes (sperm and egg cells)
D. To repair damaged tissues
2. In which organs do meiosis occur?
A. Brain and heart
B. Stomach and intestines
C. Testes and ovaries
D. Liver and kidneys

3. How many rounds of cell division occur in meiosis?

A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four

4. What happens during Prophase I that increases genetic variation?

A. DNA replication
B. Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes
C. Crossing over occurs
D. The cytoplasm divides

5. During which phase do homologous chromosomes pair up and form tetrads?

A. Prophase I
B. Metaphase I
C. Anaphase I
D. Telophase I

6. How does the chromosome number of gametes compare to the original parent cell?
A. Gametes have the same chromosome number as the parent cell
B. Gametes have half the chromosome number of the parent cell
C. Gametes have double the chromosome number of the parent cell
D. Gametes have no chromosomes until fertilization

7. What is separated during Anaphase I of meiosis?

A. Sister chromatids
B. Tetrads (homologous chromosomes)
C. DNA molecules
D. Spindle fibers

8. How many chromosomes does a human gamete (sperm or egg cell) have after meiosis?
A. 23 chromosomes
B. 46 chromosomes
C. 92 chromosomes
D. 13 chromosomes

9. What is the end result of meiosis?

A. Four haploid cells that are genetically unique
B. Two diploid cells that are genetically identical
C. One large cell with extra chromosomes
D. Four diploid cells ready for fertilization

10. What is the key difference between mitosis and meiosis?

A. Mitosis creates haploid cells, while meiosis creates diploid cells
B. Meiosis occurs in body cells, while mitosis occurs in gametes
C. Mitosis creates two identical cells, while meiosis creates four genetically unique cells
D. Meiosis happens in all cells, while mitosis happens only in reproductive cells

SPECIES AND BIODIVERSITY

1. What defines a species?

a) A group of organisms living in the same area
b) A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
c) A group of organisms that eat the same food
d) A group of organisms that look exactly alike
2. What does high biodiversity in an ecosystem mean?
a) There are many different species living in the area
b) There is only one species present
c) The ecosystem has no plant life
d) The population size of one species is very high
3. What happens in an ecosystem with low biodiversity?
a) It becomes more stable
b) It has fewer species and is more fragile to changes
c) It can resist all environmental changes
d) It will always have a large number of predators
4. What does species richness refer to?
a) The number of different species in an area
b) The total number of individuals in a species
c) The amount of food available in an ecosystem
d) The dominance of a single species
5. What does species evenness measure?
a) How evenly individuals are distributed among different species
b) The total number of individuals in a species
c) The physical size of different species
d) The total population of a single species
6. What is a population in ecology?
a) A group of different species living in the same area
b) A group of organisms of the same species living together
c) A collection of various ecosystems
d) A single organism in an environment
7. What is a community in an ecosystem?
 a) A group of the same species living together
b) A group of different populations living together in one area
c) A single type of animal in a habitat
d) A non-living part of the environment
8. Which of the following ecosystems has the highest biodiversity?
a) Rainforest
b) Desert
c) Tundra
d) Grassland
9. Which of the following ecosystems has the lowest biodiversity?
a) Coral reef
b) Rainforest
c) Arctic tundra
d) Wetlands
10. Why is high biodiversity important in an ecosystem?
a) It helps the ecosystem stay balanced and resist changes
b) It makes one species dominant over others
c) It leads to fewer species in the area
d) It increases pollution in the environment
Ecosystem and Energy Flow
1. What is the primary source of energy for most ecosystems?
a. Moon
b. Sun
c. Plants
d. Water
2. Which of the following shows a one-way flow of energy in an ecosystem?
a. Food chain
b. Water cycle
c. Oxygen cycle
d. Rock formation
3. In a food chain, what do we call organisms that make their own food?
a. Producers
b. Consumers
c. Decomposers
d. Carnivores
4. What happens to energy as it moves up the trophic levels?
a. It increases
b. It stays the same
c. It decreases
d. It disappears
5. Which of the following is an example of a decomposer?
a. Lion
b. Grass
c. Mushroom
d. Eagle
6. What is a group of interconnected food chains called?
a. Food cycle
b. Energy flow
c. Food web
d. Trophic level
7. Which of these is NOT part of a material cycle in an ecosystem?
a. Water cycle
b. Nitrogen cycle
c. Plastic cycle
d. Carbon cycle
8. How can humans help reduce their impact on the environment?
a. Cutting down more trees
b. Throwing trash in rivers
c. Recycling
d. Burning plastic
9. What do herbivores eat?
a. Meat
b. Plants
c. Both meat and plants
d. Fungi
10. What will happen if all decomposers disappear?
a. Nothing will change
b. Waste and dead organisms will pile up
c. More energy will flow
d. Plants will stop growing