A

Micro Project Report

On
Vehicular pollution Impact on Environment
Under Course: Management (22509)
Semester: 6th

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai

Department of Computer
(Computer Engineering)

MATOSHRI AASARABAI POLYTECHNIC,

EKLAHARE, NASHIK
Academic Year: 2024-2025

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 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai
Matoshri Aasarabai Polytechnic, Eklahare, Nashik

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that following students of SIXTH SEMESTER Diploma
Engineering in Computer have successfully completed the Micro-Project entitled
“Vehicular Pollution Impact on Environment” under my supervision, in the partial
fulfillment of Course Management (22509) for Academic Year 2024-2025 as per
prescribed in the MSBTE “I-Scheme” curriclum.

Roll No Enrollment No. Exam Seat Name of Students

Number

08 2211700091 491720 Omkar Rajesh Chavan

12 2211700096 491725 Aditya Abhijeet Dhas
39 2211700125 491752 Sarthak milind panbude
49 2211700136 491763 Mayank Sandeep Shinde
73 23611810291 Prashant nathu sonawane

Date: Place: Nashik.

Guide Head of Department Principal

(Mrs.V.S.Gawali) (Prof.V.A.Sonawane) (Dr.A.S.Relkar)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With deep sense of gratitude we would like to thanks all the people who have lit
our path with their kind guidance. We are very grateful to these intellectuals who
did their best to help during our project work.

It is our proud privilege to express deep sense of gratitude to, Dr.A.S.Relkar

Principal of Matoshri Aasarabai Polytechnic, Eklahare, Nashik, for his
comments and kind permission to complete this Micro Project.

We remain indebted to Prof.V.A.Sonawane, Head Of Computer Dept., for his

suggestion and valuable guidance.

The special gratitude goes to our internal guide Mrs.V.S.Gawali, technical staff
members, and non-technical staff members, of Computer . Department for their
expensive, excellent and precious guidance in completion of this work.

Name of Students:

1. Omkar rajesh chavan

2. Aditya Abhijeet Dhas
3. Sarthak Milind Panbude
4. Mayank Sandeep Shinde
5. Prashant Nathu Sonawane

3
 MATOSHRI AASARABAI POLYTECHNIC, EKLAHARE, NASHIK
Department of Computer

Index of Micro Project Report

Programme: Computer Semester: Sixth

Course: Management Course Code: (22509)

Title of Micro Project: Vehicular Pollution Impact on Environment

Sr.
Details Page No.
No.

Rubrics
1

2 Logbook

3 Project Work (Introduction)

Project Work (Main Details)

4

5 Project Work (Conclusion)

Signature of Faculty

4
 ANNEXURE I
Rubric for Evaluation of Micro Project of Software Testing (22518)

Title of Micro Project: Vehicular Pollution Impact on Environment

Group Members: 5

Roll Exam Seat

Sr.No. Enrollment No. Name of Students
No. No.
1 08 2211700091 491720 Omkar Rajesh Chavan
2 12 2211700096 491725 Aditya Abhijeet Dhas
3 39 2211700125 491752 Sarthak milind panbude
4 49 2211700136 491763 Mayank Sndeep Shinde
5 73 23611810291 Prashant nathu sonawane

Indicators for different level of

Marks performance(Evaluation Scale -1 to 6)
Sr. Criteria obtained
No. (Out of 6) Poor(1-2) Average(3-4) Good(5-6)

1 Relevance to the Course Not at all Few subtopics Project topic is

related to the are related to from the
course the course. course.
2 Project Proposal Not submitted Late Submitted Submitted in
the first week
3 Completion of target as per Submitted after Submitted Submitted
proposal due date. within due date complete
but taken project within
slightly specified due
more date.
time.
4 Quality of Project Poor quality Average Good quality
project quality project project

5 Report Preparation Not done. Done but not Completed and

satisfactory. submitted in
time.
Total:

Converted Out of 6:

Mrs.V.S.Gawali
Name & Sign of Course Teacher
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 ANNEXURE II
Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project
Academic Year: 2024-2025 Semester:Sixth
Course: Management Course Code: 22509
Name of Faculty: Mrs.V.S.Gawali
Title of the Project: “Vehicular Pollution Impact on Environment”

 COs addressed by the Micro Project:

 a.
 b.
 c.

Major Learning Outcomes achieved by students by doing the Projects:

a) Practical Outcomes:-
When developing and testing the payment method feature for a microproject like G-Pay (Google
Pay), it's essential to identify the practical outcomes of test cases to ensure that the system is
functioning as expected.
b) Unit Outcomes in Cognitive Domain:-
Prepare The test cases for the given Application
c) Outcomes in Affective Domain:-
 The Affective Domain Outcomes in the Test Case Payment Method of G-Pay microproject focus
on shaping attitudes, values, and emotional responses related to the testing process, payment security,
and user experience.
 These are encourage testers and developers to approach the project with awareness, engagement, and
a commitment to excellence, ultimately fostering a culture of high standards in software testing and
development.
Comment /Suggestion about team work /Leadership/ Inter-personal communication
.
Marks
out of 6 Marks out of
Total
Rol for 4for
Enrollment Exam marks
l Student Name perform performance in
No. Seat No. out of
No. ance in oral/presentatio
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group n activity
activity
08 2211700091 491720 Omkar Rajesh Chavan
12 2211700096 491725 Aditya Abhijeet Dhas
39 2211700125 491752 Sarthak milind panbude
49 2211700136 491763 Mayank Sndeep Shinde
73 23611810291 Prashant nathu sonawane

Mrs.V.S.Gavali
(Name & Sign of Faculty)
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 MATOSHRI AASARABAI POLYTECHNIC,EKLAHARE,NASHIK
Department of Computer
Log Book for Micro-
Project
Semester: SIXTH Programme: CO6I
Course: Management Class: Third Year
Topic of the Micro-Project: Vehicular Pollution Impact on Environment

Sr. Roll Enrollment Exam Seat

Name of Group Members Sign.
No. No. No. No.
1 08 2211700091 491720 Omkar Rajesh Chavan

2 12 2211700096 491725 Aditya Abhijeet Dhas

3 39 2211700125 491752 Sarthak milind panbude

4 49 2211700136 491763 Mayank Sndeep Shinde

5 73 23611810291 Prashant nathu sonawane

Member Teacher’s
Week No. Discussion & Details Teacher’s Comment
s Present Sign.
Discussion on the concept of Micro Discussed micro
1
project with teacher
5 project concept
Finalization of Group and Project topic
2
with Project Proposal submission 5 Finalized the group

3
Preliminary discussion with guide about 5 Discussed with guide
content of Micro project
4
Related Information Gathered by team 5 Gathered information
about project
5
Organizing the information for project 5 Organized the
work information
Discussing project related queries with 5
6 Discussed the queries
teacher if any
Preparation of Micro project model or 5
7 Prepared micro project
content
8 Finalizing the project work by teacher
5 Finalized project work

9 Report writing
5 Completed report
writing
Presentation and Oral on project by group 5 Gave Presentation
10
members submitted project .

Mrs.V.S.Gavali
Name & Sign of Course Teacher/Guide
7
Write project Report in following sequence:-

1. Abstract (250 words or less )

2. Introduction and Purpose :-

(Sometimes this section is called 'Background'. Whatever its name, this section
introduces the topic of the project, notes any information already available, explains
why you are interested in the project, and states the purpose of the project.)

3. Materials and Methods:-

(List the materials you used in your project and describe the procedure that you used
to perform the project. If you have a photo or diagram of your project, this is a good
place to include it.)

4. Theoretical Background
Explicitly state your hypothesis or Law, Definition or Explanation of subject
topic you can understand under this project.

5. Practical Application
What is the importance of this study? Of what use is a study such as this?

6. Bibliography
 Use proper citing format for books, journals, and websites.
 Websites should include author of article if given, title of article and the date
the article was posted or retrieved from website.
NOTE: Must have at least 5 reliable resources.

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 Abstract
Vehicular pollution has become a pressing environmental issue, especially
with the exponential increase in the number of vehicles on roads
worldwide. Automobiles emit a range of harmful pollutants including
carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), sulfur dioxide (SO₂),
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter (PM), and
greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO₂). These emissions originate
from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and contribute significantly
to the deterioration of air quality, global climate change, and ecological
imbalance.

The environmental impact is multifaceted—air pollution leads to the

formation of photochemical smog and acid rain, which harm plant and
aquatic life, while greenhouse gas emissions accelerate global warming and
climate change. In urban areas, vehicular emissions are often the dominant
source of air pollution, affecting millions of people daily. Prolonged
exposure to these pollutants can cause serious health problems such as
asthma, bronchitis, cardiovascular diseases, and even cancer.

Moreover, noise pollution from vehicles adds to the environmental burden,

disrupting ecosystems and human well-being. The situation is further
exacerbated in developing countries where regulatory frameworks may be
weak, public awareness is limited, and vehicle maintenance is often
neglected.

Addressing vehicular pollution requires a multi-pronged approach

involving the promotion of public transportation, adoption of cleaner fuels
and electric vehicles, implementation of stricter emission standards, and
increased public awareness. Government policies, technological
advancements, and active public participation are crucial in minimizing the
adverse environmental impacts of vehicular pollution and ensuring a
sustainable future

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 Introduction
The modern era has witnessed remarkable advancements in transportation,
with motor vehicles becoming an indispensable part of human life. From
private cars to commercial trucks, buses, and two-wheelers, vehicles play a
crucial role in enabling mobility, trade, and economic development.
However, this convenience comes with a significant cost—vehicular
pollution has become one of the leading contributors to environmental
degradation, particularly in urban and rapidly industrializing regions.

Vehicular pollution refers to the release of harmful substances into the

atmosphere by internal combustion engine vehicles, primarily fueled by
petrol and diesel. These emissions consist of a range of air pollutants,
including carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), sulfur dioxide
(SO₂), hydrocarbons (HC), particulate matter (PM), and greenhouse
gases like carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄). Many of these
pollutants are either directly harmful to human health or contribute to the
formation of secondary pollutants like ozone and smog. In addition, the
combustion process in vehicles emits fine particles that can penetrate deep
into the lungs and bloodstream, leading to respiratory and cardiovascular
diseases.

The environmental impact of vehicular emissions is both immediate and

long-term. On a local scale, they contribute to poor air quality, reduced
visibility, and increased incidences of respiratory illnesses among urban
populations. On a global scale, vehicular emissions are a significant source
of greenhouse gases, contributing to global warming and climate change,
which in turn lead to rising sea levels, melting ice caps, and extreme
weather events. Furthermore, vehicle noise pollution adds to the
environmental burden by disturbing wildlife habitats and contributing to
stress and hearing loss in humans.

In many cities around the world—especially in developing nations—

vehicular pollution has reached critical levels, surpassing recommended air
quality standards and posing serious public health risks. Factors such as
outdated vehicle technology, poor fuel quality, lack of regular maintenance,
and weak enforcement of emission regulations exacerbate the problem.
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Additionally, the growing demand for personal vehicles, fueled by rapid
urbanization and population growth, continues to outpace efforts to manage
and mitigate the environmental impact.

Tackling vehicular pollution requires a multi-dimensional approach

involving technological innovation, policy reforms, and behavioral
changes. Key solutions include promoting public transportation,
encouraging the use of non-motorized transport, shifting to cleaner fuels
(like CNG, biodiesel, and electricity), tightening emission standards, and
raising public awareness about the environmental impact of excessive
vehicle use. The transition to electric vehicles (EVs) and investment in
sustainable urban planning are also essential components of a long-term
strategy to reduce vehicular emissions.

This paper/project aims to explore the causes and components of vehicular

pollution, its environmental and health impacts, and the various strategies
that can be adopted to mitigate its harmful effects. By understanding the
depth of this issue, we can contribute to building cleaner, healthier, and
more sustainable cities for future generations.

The large majority of today's cars and trucks travel by using internal
combustion engines that burn gasoline or other fossil fuels. The process of
burning gasoline to power cars and trucks contributes to air pollution by
releasing a variety of emissions into the atmosphere. Emissions that are
released directly into the atmosphere from the tailpipes of cars and trucks
are the primary source of vehicular pollution. But motor vehicles also
pollute the air during the processes of manufacturing, refuelling, and from
the emissions associated with oil refining and distribution of the fuel they
burn. Primary pollution from motor vehicles is pollution that is emitted
directly into the atmosphere, whereas secondary pollution results from
chemical reactions between pollutants after they have been released into the
air. Vehicular pollution is the introduction of harmful material into the
environment by motor vehicles. These materials, known as pollutants, have
several bad effects on human health and the ecosystem. Transportation is a
major source of air pollution in many countries around the world due to the
high number of vehicles that are available on the roads today. An increase
in purchasing power means that more people can now afford cars and this is
bad for the environment.

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 Ingredients of vehicular pollution
1. Carbon Monoxide (CO)

 A colorless, odorless gas.

 Produced by incomplete combustion of fuel.
 Reduces the blood’s ability to carry oxygen — dangerous in
enclosed areas.

2. Nitrogen Oxides (NO and NO₂) – collectively NOₓ

 Formed when fuel burns at high temperatures.

 Contribute to smog formation, acid rain, and respiratory problems.
 Play a key role in forming ground-level ozone.

3. Hydrocarbons (HC) / Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

 Released from unburned fuel.

 Contribute to the formation of photochemical smog and ozone.
 Some are toxic or carcinogenic.

4. Particulate Matter (PM₁₀, PM₂.₅)

 Tiny solid or liquid particles.

 Comes from diesel engines, brake/tyre wear, and road dust.
 Harmful to lungs and cardiovascular system.

5. Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)

 Not toxic, but a major greenhouse gas.

 Contributes to global warming.
 Emitted in large quantities from all fossil fuel-burning vehicles.

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6. Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂)

 Mostly from diesel with high sulfur content (less common now due to
low-sulfur fuels).
 Can cause respiratory issues and contribute to acid rain.

7. Lead (Pb)

 Previously emitted from leaded petrol (now mostly phased out

globally).
 Toxic to the nervous system, especially in children.

Causes of vehicular pollution

1. Increased Number of Vehicles

 More vehicles = more emissions.

 Rapid urbanization and population growth mean more cars, bikes,
and trucks on the road.

2. Use of Fossil Fuels

 Petrol and diesel combustion releases harmful gases like CO, NOx,
CO₂, and particulates.
 Incomplete combustion makes it worse.

3. Poor Vehicle Maintenance

 Old engines or poorly maintained vehicles emit higher levels of

pollutants.
 Dirty air filters, faulty fuel injectors, and worn-out spark plugs all
reduce efficiency and increase emissions.

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4. Use of Older Vehicles

 Older models often lack modern emission control technologies.

 Emission standards were lower or nonexistent when these vehicles
were built.

5. Traffic Congestion

 Stop-and-go traffic = frequent braking and acceleration = inefficient

fuel use.
 Leads to idling, which increases CO and NOx emissions.

6. Low-Quality Fuel

 Fuel with high sulfur or lead content contributes more pollution.

 Still a problem in some countries with loose fuel regulations.

7. Lack of Emission Control Systems

 Absence or failure of catalytic converters, exhaust gas

recirculation (EGR) systems, or diesel particulate filters leads to
more pollution.

8. Poor Road Conditions

 Potholes, uneven roads, and poor traffic management cause vehicles

to consume more fuel.
 Bad roads = more emissions per kilometer traveled.

9. Climate and Environmental Factors

 In hot climates, evaporative emissions from fuel tanks are higher.

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 Conclusion
Vehicular pollution has emerged as one of the most pressing environmental
challenges of modern times, especially in rapidly urbanizing and
industrializing societies. As the number of vehicles on our roads continues
to rise, so does the level of harmful emissions released into the atmosphere.
These emissions—comprising carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides,
hydrocarbons, particulate matter, and greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide
—pose serious threats not only to environmental health but also to human
well-being.

One of the most alarming consequences of vehicular pollution is its impact on

public health. Prolonged exposure to air pollutants from vehicles can lead
to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular problems, allergies, and even cancer.
Vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing
health conditions are particularly at risk. Moreover, vehicular emissions are
a major contributor to climate change, as the carbon dioxide produced
during fossil fuel combustion traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, leading
to global warming, extreme weather events, and rising sea levels.

Equally concerning is the environmental degradation caused by vehicular

pollution. Smog formation, acid rain, and the contamination of soil and
water bodies are just a few of the devastating effects. Urban areas suffer the
most, with thick layers of smog often blanketing cities and reducing
visibility, damaging buildings, and affecting plant and animal life.

However, this problem is not without solutions. The adoption of cleaner

technologies, such as electric vehicles and hybrid engines, stricter emission
norms, better traffic management, and investment in public transport
systems can drastically reduce pollution levels. Awareness campaigns and
responsible citizen behavior—like carpooling, maintaining vehicles
properly, and reducing unnecessary vehicle use—also play a vital role in
mitigating this issue.

In conclusion, while vehicular pollution is a formidable challenge, it is not

insurmountable. With a combination of technology, policy, and public
participation.

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 Reference Links
1. https://www.vedantu.com/english/essay-on-vehicle-pollution
2. https://coltura.org/vehicle-pollution/
3. https://www.greenvehicleguide.gov.au/pages/UnderstandingEmission
s/VehicleEmissions

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