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Print Journalism Assignment

The document discusses various aspects of journalism, including types of news sources (primary and secondary), reporting styles for newspapers, magazines, and news agencies, and different types of headlines. It also covers yellow journalism, types of news reports with recent examples, the role of journalism as the Fourth Estate, the importance of attribution in news writing, and the roles and responsibilities of journalists. Each section highlights the significance of accuracy, credibility, and ethical standards in journalism.

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31 views5 pages

Print Journalism Assignment

The document discusses various aspects of journalism, including types of news sources (primary and secondary), reporting styles for newspapers, magazines, and news agencies, and different types of headlines. It also covers yellow journalism, types of news reports with recent examples, the role of journalism as the Fourth Estate, the importance of attribution in news writing, and the roles and responsibilities of journalists. Each section highlights the significance of accuracy, credibility, and ethical standards in journalism.

Uploaded by

Beast Fox
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q1) WRITE THE SHORT NOTES ON THE FOLLOWING –

1. TYPES OF NEWS SOURCES


2. REPORTING FOR NEWSPAPERS, MAGAZINES, NEWS AGENCY
3. TYPES OF HEADLINES
4. YELLOW JOURNALISM

ANS)
TYPES OF NEWS SOURCES

News sources can be classified into primary and secondary types. Primary sources
include first hand accounts like eyewitness reports, interviews, official documents, and
direct observations. Secondary sources analyze or interpret primary data, such as
newspapers, magazines, TV news channels, online news portals, and social media.
Traditional media (print, radio, TV) offers structured news, while digital media
provides real-time updates and interactive content. Citizen journalism has also
emerged, with ordinary people reporting news via blogs, vlogs, and social platforms.
Each source varies in credibility, bias, and depth, influencing how news is perceived
and consumed.

REPORTING FOR NEWSPAPERS, MAGAZINES, NEWS AGENCY

Reporting for newspapers, magazines, and news agencies differs in style and purpose.
Newspapers focus on timely, factual reporting with concise, inverted pyramid
structures. Magazines allow for in-depth features, analysis, and storytelling, often with
a more subjective tone. News agencies like Reuters or AP provide objective, brief
reports for global distribution, emphasizing speed and accuracy. While newspapers and
magazines cater to specific audiences, news agencies serve multiple media outlets.
Reporters must adapt to each format's style, maintaining credibility, clarity, and factual
accuracy to meet the demands of their target audience.

TYPES OF HEADLINES

Headlines can be categorized into several types based on their style and purpose.
Straight headlines present facts clearly and concisely, often used in hard news.
Emotional headlines evoke feelings to attract attention, common in feature stories.
Question headlines engage readers by posing a question, sparking curiosity. How to
headlines provide guidance or solutions, typical in instructional content. Partial
headlines give a teaser, encouraging readers to continue. Provocative headlines use
strong language to create impact, often for opinion pieces. Each type aims to capture
interest while reflecting the article's tone and content.

YELLOW JOURNALISM

Yellow journalism refers to sensationalized, exaggerated, or distorted news reporting


designed to attract readers and boost sales, often at the expense of accuracy and
objectivity. It emerged in the late 19th century, notably between Joseph Pulitzer’s New
York World and William Randolph Hearst’s New York Journal. Yellow journalism uses
bold headlines, emotional language, scandalous stories, and dramatic images to grab
attention. While it can influence public opinion and stir emotions, it undermines
journalistic ethics by prioritizing sensationalism over factual reporting. This style has
evolved but still persists in some media today

Q2) EXPLAIN THE TYPES OF NEWS REPORT WITH RECENT EXAMPLES

ANS) News reports can be categorized into several types based on their content,
purpose, and style. Here are the main types with recent examples:

1. Hard News: Focuses on factual, timely events like politics, disasters, or crimes.
Example: The coverage of the 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake, detailing rescue
efforts, casualties, and aftershocks.

2. Soft News: Focuses on human interest, entertainment, or lifestyle stories.


Example: The coverage of Beyoncé’s 2023 Renaissance World Tour,
highlighting her performance and fan reactions.
3. Feature Reports: In-depth stories exploring a topic with analysis and background.
Example: Reports on climate change impacts on vulnerable communities,
offering personal stories and scientific insights.

4. Investigative Reports: Uncover hidden truths, often about corruption or scandals.


Example: The Pandora Papers (2021) investigation revealing global leaders'
offshore accounts.

5. Opinion/Editorials: Express views or analyses rather than facts.


Example: Editorials in major newspapers discussing the 2024 U.S. presidential
election strategies.

6. Sports Reports: Cover sports events, scores, and athlete updates.


Example: Reports on the 2024 Summer Olympics preparations and athlete
performances

Q3) DESCRIBE HOW IS JOURNALISM CALLED AS A FOURTH ESTATE ? SUPPORT


WITH SUITABLE EXAMPLES.

ANS) Journalism is often called the "Fourth Estate" because it acts as an independent
watchdog, holding power to account alongside the three traditional branches of
government: the Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary. This term highlights the media’s
crucial role in shaping public opinion, influencing policy, and ensuring transparency in
democratic societies.

1. Watergate Scandal (1972): The investigative reporting by Bob Woodward and


Carl Bernstein of The Washington Post exposed political corruption, leading to
President Nixon’s resignation.
2. Pandora Papers (2021): Journalists from the International Consortium of
Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) uncovered global leaders’ offshore accounts,
triggering worldwide debates on tax evasion.
3. #MeToo Movement (2017): Media outlets globally reported allegations against
powerful figures, driving societal change regarding sexual harassment.
Q4) “ATTRIBUITION IS A KEY ELEMENT OF NEWS WRITING”. THROW
LIGHT ON THE STATEMENT AND ALSO EXPLAIN THE TYPES OF NEWS
ATTRIBUTION.

ANS) "Attribution is a key element of news writing" because it provides the source of
information, ensuring credibility, transparency, and accountability in journalism. Proper
attribution helps readers verify facts, understand the context, and assess the reliability
of the news. It also protects journalists from legal issues, like defamation claims, by
clearly indicating where the information originated.

Types of News Attribution:

1. Direct Attribution: Citing the source verbatim, often using quotation marks.
Example: "The economy is recovering faster than expected," said the finance
minister.

2. Indirect (or Paraphrased) Attribution: Summarizing the source’s statement


without direct quotes.
Example: The finance minister noted the economy is showing strong recovery
signs.

3. Anonymous Attribution: Used when the source prefers to remain unidentified,


often in sensitive situations.
Example: An anonymous official confirmed the policy change.

4. Attribution to Institutions: Crediting organizations or groups instead of


individuals.
Example: According to the World Health Organization, the pandemic is under
control.

5. Official or Government Attribution: Refers to statements from government


agencies or officials.
Example: The Ministry of Health announced new vaccination guidelines.
Q5 ) EXPLAIN THE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A JOURNALIST.

ANS) The roles and responsibilities of a journalist are multifaceted, focusing on


gathering, reporting, and presenting news with accuracy, fairness, and integrity. Here’s
an overview:

Roles of a Journalist:

1. Reporter: Collects information through research, interviews, and observation.


2. Writer/Editor: Crafts news stories, ensuring clarity, coherence, and factual
accuracy.
3. Investigator: Digs deeper into issues to uncover hidden facts, often in
investigative journalism.
4. Analyst: Provides context and interpretation, helping audiences understand
complex issues.
5. Communicator: Bridges the gap between information and the public, using
various media platforms.

Responsibilities of a Journalist:

1. Accuracy & Truthfulness: Report facts without distortion, ensuring credibility.


2. Objectivity: Present news impartially, avoiding personal biases.
3. Accountability: Take responsibility for their work, correcting errors when
necessary.
4. Ethical Reporting: Respect privacy, avoid sensationalism, and uphold ethical
standards.
5. Public Service: Inform, educate, and engage the public on matters of societal
importance.
6. Fairness & Balance: Represent different viewpoints to provide a comprehensive
picture of events.

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