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Computer Assignment

The document discusses the Von Neumann architecture, detailing key registers like the Program Counter, Memory Address Register, and Accumulator, which facilitate instruction processing. It also covers input and output devices, their applications, advantages, and disadvantages, highlighting their role in user interaction with computers. Lastly, it outlines the stages of the Product Development Life Cycle (PDLC), emphasizing the structured approach to product creation and the benefits of minimizing risks and ensuring quality.

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10 views4 pages

Computer Assignment

The document discusses the Von Neumann architecture, detailing key registers like the Program Counter, Memory Address Register, and Accumulator, which facilitate instruction processing. It also covers input and output devices, their applications, advantages, and disadvantages, highlighting their role in user interaction with computers. Lastly, it outlines the stages of the Product Development Life Cycle (PDLC), emphasizing the structured approach to product creation and the benefits of minimizing risks and ensuring quality.

Uploaded by

muhammad24277
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER ASSIGNMENT

 Arishba Imran
 SR-1
 SUB DATE: 19/2/25
 4 pages
1. Draw von neuman architecture. Explain the registers used in von
neuman architecture along with their functions.

Von Neumann Architecture Diagram

Here is a simple representation of the Von Neumann architecture:

lua
CopyEdit
-----------------------------------
| CPU |
| ---------------------------- |
| | Control Unit | |
| |------------------------ | |
| | ALU (Arithmetic Logic) | |
| ---------------------------- |
| Registers: |
|
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You said:

Explain the registers used in von neuman architecture along with their functions.
ChatGPT said:

In the Von Neumann architecture, several key registers help manage data flow and
execution. These registers are essential for instruction processing and efficient program
execution. Below are the main registers used in this architecture, along with their functions:

1. Program Counter (PC): This register holds the address of the next instruction to be
executed. After each instruction is fetched, the PC is updated to point to the next
instruction in sequence.
2. Memory Address Register (MAR): The MAR stores the address of the memory
location where data or an instruction needs to be fetched or stored. It acts as a pointer
to memory locations during execution.
3. Memory Data Register (MDR): Also known as the Memory Buffer Register (MBR),
this register temporarily holds data fetched from memory or data waiting to be written
back to memory.
4. Instruction Register (IR): Once an instruction is fetched from memory, it is stored in
the IR. The Control Unit then decodes the instruction and executes it accordingly.
5. Accumulator (AC): The accumulator is used for arithmetic and logical operations
performed by the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU). It holds intermediate results and
final outcomes of calculations.
6. General-Purpose Registers (GPRs): Some implementations include additional
registers for temporary storage, speeding up operations by reducing memory access.
7. Status Register (SR) or Flag Register: This register contains condition flags that
indicate the results of previous operations, such as zero, carry, negative, or overflow
flags.
These registers work together in the fetch-decode-execute cycle, ensuring smooth instruction
processing and efficient computation in the Von Neumann architecture.

2. Explain input output device, their application, along with their functions.
their advantages and disadvantages.

Input and Output Devices: Overview

Input devices allow users to enter data into a computer, while output devices display or
process the data received. Examples of input devices include keyboards, mice, and scanners,
while output devices include monitors, printers, and speakers. These devices enable
interaction between users and computers, facilitating communication and data processing.

Applications and Functions

Input devices are used in various applications, such as typing documents (keyboard), drawing
(graphics tablet), and scanning images (scanner). Their function is to convert user actions into
machine-readable signals. Output devices, on the other hand, are used for displaying visuals
(monitor), producing hard copies (printer), and playing sounds (speakers). They convert
processed digital data into human-perceivable formats.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Input devices enhance efficiency, allowing quick data entry and control, but they can be
prone to errors (e.g., typos on a keyboard). Output devices improve accessibility by
displaying or printing results, yet some, like printers, require maintenance and consumables.
While these devices enhance computing experiences, they also demand proper handling and
compatibility with systems.

3. Explain all the stages of PDLC.

Product Development Life Cycle (PDLC) Overview

The Product Development Life Cycle (PDLC) outlines the stages involved in creating a
product from concept to market release and beyond. It ensures a structured approach to
product design, development, testing, and launch. This cycle is crucial for innovation, quality
control, and meeting customer needs effectively.

Stages of PDLC

1. Idea Generation – Identifying customer needs, market gaps, and innovative


solutions. Brainstorming and research help refine initial concepts.
2. Concept Development – Creating prototypes, feasibility studies, and initial testing.
This phase assesses technical, financial, and market viability.
3. Design & Development – Engineers and designers build the product, ensuring
functionality and usability. Iterative testing and refinements occur.
4. Testing & Validation – The product undergoes rigorous quality checks, user
feedback, and performance testing to ensure reliability.
5. Launch & Deployment – The finalized product is introduced to the market, with
marketing and distribution strategies in place.
6. Maintenance & Improvement – Ongoing updates, customer support, and
performance monitoring ensure continued success and relevance.

Benefits of PDLC

PDLC minimizes risks, ensures quality control, and enhances customer satisfaction. It helps
in efficient resource allocation and adapting to market changes. However, it can be time-
consuming and costly, requiring constant evaluation and improvements.

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