DEPARTMENT OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO

COMPUTER NETWORK LAB # 08

Name: _____________________________________________ Roll No: _____________

Score: ____________Signature of the Lab Tutor: _______________ Date: ___________

________________________________________________________________________

OBJECTIVES
#. Of
# Topic CLO Taxonomy level
Lectures
To configure the DEFAULT routes between two
9 routers to allow data transfer without the use of 3 1,2 C3, P2
dynamic routing protocols.

OUTCOME(S)
a. An ability to apply knowledge of math, science, and PLO1: Engineering
engineering Knowledge:

RUBRICS:
Performance Exceeds Meets expectations Does not meet
Score
Metric expectation (4-5) (2-3) expectations (0-1)
Applies the
relevant
Applies the
appropriate knowledge and
knowledge and concept to the Fails to apply
concepts to the problem, possibly relevant
problem with knowledge and
Knowledge and in a roundabout concepts to
application accuracy and way; understands
proficiency; the problem;
[PLO1] the major points of misunderstands or
shows precise
the knowledge, fails to recall
understanding of
with possible critical points.
these knowledge
misunderstanding
and concepts.
or failure to recall
minor points;
Total Score
 DEPARTMENT OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
COMPUTER NETWORK LAB # 08

EQUIPMENT

 Two PC
 Two Routers with console
 Two RJ-45 TO DB-9 adapter
 Two RJ-45 TO RJ 45 rollover cable

DISCUSSION

A default route, also known as the gateway of last resort, is the network route used by a
router when no other known route exists for a given IP packet's destination address. All the
packets for destinations not known by the router's routing table are sent to the default
route. This route generally leads to another router, which treats the packet the same way: If
the route is known, the packet will get forwarded to the known route. If not, the packet is
forwarded to the default-route of that router which generally leads to another router. And
so on. Each router traversal adds a one-hop distance to the route.

Once the router with a known route to a host destination is reached, the router determines
which route is valid by finding the "most specific match". The network with the longest
subnet mask that matches the destination IP address wins.

The default route in IPv4 (in CIDR notation) is 0.0.0.0/0, often called the quad-zero
route. Since the subnet mask given is /0, it effectively specifies no network, and is the
"shortest" match possible. A route lookup that doesn't match anything will naturally fall
back onto this route. Similarly, in IPv6 the default address is given by ::/0.

Routers in an organization generally point the default route towards the router that has a
connection to a network service provider. This way, packets with destinations outside the
organization's local area network (LAN)—typically to the Internet, WAN, or VPN—will
be forwarded by the router with the connection to that provider.
Host devices in an organization generally refer to the default route as a default gateway
which can be, and usually is, a filtration device such as a firewall or Proxy server.

Setup a network similar to the one in the diagram. Any router that meets the interface
requirements may be used. And follow the steps required to achieve this lab activity.

Step 1: Configuring both Routers

 DEPARTMENT OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
COMPUTER NETWORK LAB # 08

For Router1

Press Enter to Start

Router>
Router>en
Router#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname Router1
Router1(config)#int s0
Router1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
Router1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
Router1(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to down
Router1(config-if)#exit

Router1(config)#int e0
Router1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router1(config-if)#no shut
Router1(config-if)#^Z
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up
a. How many interfaces are up on Router1? Mention there names;
________________________________________________________________________

For Router2
Press Enter to Start

Router>
Router>en
Router#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname Router2
Router2(config)#int s0
Router2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.0.2 255.255.255.0
Router2(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up
Router2(config-if)#exit

Router2(config)#int e0
Router2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
Router2(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up
Router2(config-if)#^Z
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Step 2: Configuring the work stations

Configure the workstations with the proper IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway.
a. The configuration for the host connected to the Router1 is:
IP Address: 192.168.1.2
 DEPARTMENT OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
COMPUTER NETWORK LAB # 08

IP subnet mask: 255.255.255.0

Default gateway: 192.168.1.1

Configure the workstations with the proper IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway.
a. The configuration for the host connected to the Router2 is:
IP Address: 192.168.2.2
IP subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
Default gateway: 192.168.2.1

Step 3: Check the interface status

Router1#sh ip int brief

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
Serial0 192.168.0.1 YES unset up up
Ethernet0 192.168.1.1 YES unset up up

Router2#sh ip int brief

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
Serial0 192.168.0.2 YES unset up up
Ethernet0 192.168.2.1 YES unset up up

a. Check the interfaces on both routers with the commands show ip interface brief or
show interface.
b. Are all the necessary interfaces up?
____________________________________________

Step 4: Check the routing table entries

Router1#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default
U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

192.168.1.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 192.168.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0
192.168.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 192.168.0.0 is directly connected, Serial0

Router2#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default
U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

 DEPARTMENT OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
COMPUTER NETWORK LAB # 08

192.168.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 192.168.0.0 is directly connected, Serial0
192.168.2.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 192.168.2.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0

a. What networks are displayed?

_______________________________________________________________________
b. What interface is directly connected?
___________________________________________

Step 5: Adding the Default routes

Router1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.2

Router2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1

a. What does 0.0.0.0 showing here? _________________________________________

Step 6: Verify the new route

Router1#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default
U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is to network 0.0.0.0

192.168.1.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 192.168.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0
192.168.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 192.168.0.0 is directly connected, Serial0
S* 0.0.0.0 [1/0] via 192.168.0.2

Router2#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default
U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is to network 0.0.0.0

192.168.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 192.168.0.0 is directly connected, Serial0
192.168.2.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 192.168.2.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0
S* 0.0.0.0 [1/0] via 192.168.0.1

a. List the routes listed in the routing table?

 DEPARTMENT OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
COMPUTER NETWORK LAB # 08

b. What is the administrative distance?

____________________________________________

Step 7: Check connectivity from host to host

Ping host1 to host2

C:>ping 192.168.2.2
Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241

Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241

Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2: Packets: Sent = 5, Received = 5, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 50ms, Maximum = 60ms, Average = 55ms

If the ping was not successful, check routing table to make sure static routes are entered
correctly

FINAL CHECK LIST

1. Return all equipment and materials to their proper storage area.

2. Submit your answers to question, before the next laboratory.