capstone

portfolio Grade
12
group
number :22333
2024-2025
Table of contents:
1. Present and justify a problem and solution requirements
2. Egypt grand challenges
3. Problem to be solved
4. Research
5. Other Solutions Already Tried
6. Design Requirements
7. Generating and Defending a Solution
8. Selection of Solution
9. Selection Prototype
10.Constructing and Testing a Prototype
11.Materials and Methods
12.Test Plan
13.Data Collection
14.Evaluation, Reflection, Recommendations
15.Discussion
16.Recommendations
17.Learning Outcomes
18.-Present and justify a problem and solution requirements
Egypt grand challenges:
1. Improve the use of alternative energies.
2. Recycle garbage and waste for economic and environmental purposes.
3. Deal with urban congestion and its consequences.
4. Work to eradicate public health issues/disease
5. Address and reduce pollution fouling our air, water and soil.
6. Improve uses of arid areas.
7. Deal with population growth and its consequences.
8. Manage and increase the sources of clean water.
9. Improve the scientific and technological environment for all.
10. Reduce and adapt to the effect of climatic change.
11. Increase the industrial and agricultural bases of Egypt
The Egyptian Grand Challenges that addressed are:
1. Work to eradicate public health issues/disease: the device aims to
improve the health of individuals with heart attack problems by monitoring
their heartbeats and breathing rates during sleep. This could help prevent
sudden cardiac events and improve overall health outcomes.
2. Improve the scientific and technological environment for all: the
device demonstrates a technological innovation that can be used to improve
healthcare. This can contribute to a more advanced and innovative scientific
and technological environment in Egypt.
3. Increase the industrial bases of Egypt: successfully developing of the
device and commercializing, it could contribute to the growth of the
healthcare technology industry in Egypt. This could create jobs, stimulate
economic growth, and improve the overall quality of life.
Addressing these grand challenges is important because:
 Public health: Improving public health is essential for the overall well-being
of a population. The device can help reduce the risk of heart-related deaths
and improve the quality of life for individuals with heart problems.
 Scientific and technological advancement: Egypt's development as a
nation depends on its ability to innovate and advance in science and
technology. The device contributes to this goal by demonstrating a
technological innovation in the healthcare sector.
 Economic growth: Increasing Egypt's industrial base can create jobs,
stimulate economic growth, and improve the overall standard of living. Your
device has the potential to contribute to this goal by developing a new
product that can be commercialized.
Overall, the project has the potential to make a significant contribution to
addressing important Egyptian Grand Challenges and improving the lives of
Egyptians.
1-Monitoring of the Human Body Signal through the
Internet of Things (IoT) Based LoRa Wireless Network
System:
Introduction
The Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming healthcare by integrating advanced
sensors to monitor patient health data continuously. IoT-based healthcare systems,
such as those utilizing the MySignals platform and LoRa (Low Power Long Range)
wireless network, enable real-time data collection from various biomedical sensors,
including ECG, temperature, pulse rate, and oxygen saturation. This technology
enhances personalized treatment, improves healthcare efficiency, and aims to
reduce costs.

Advantages

1. Real-Time Monitoring: Continuous data collection allows for timely interventions

and personalized treatment plans, improving patient outcomes.
2. Remote Accessibility: The use of LoRa enables long-range communication,
making it suitable for remote areas, thereby expanding healthcare access.
3. Cost-Effectiveness: By automating data collection, the system reduces labor costs
and minimizes human errors associated with manual data entry.
4. Comprehensive Health Insights: Integration of multiple sensors provides a holistic
view of patient health, facilitating better management of chronic conditions.

Disadvantages
1. Dependence on Healthcare Professionals**: Continuous presence of healthcare
staff is still necessary, particularly in emergencies, which can be challenging in
remote settings.
2. Data Reliability: Human-entered data may not be as reliable as automated data,
leading to potential inaccuracies in patient monitoring.
3. Technical Limitations: Challenges such as communication failures and the
complexity of integrating various sensors can hinder system performance.
4. Infrastructure Requirements: Effective implementation requires adequate
infrastructure, which may not be available in all regions.
2-IOT BASED HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM
Introduction

The Internet of Things (IoT) is emerging as a pivotal solution in healthcare,

particularly highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic. IoT-based health monitoring
systems utilize wearable sensors and smartphones to facilitate remote patient
monitoring, enabling real-time tracking of vital signs like heart rate and body
temperature. This technology not only aids in early diagnosis and disease
prevention but also allows healthcare professionals to monitor patients from a
distance, enhancing accessibility, especially in rural areas where medical facilities
may be scarce.

Advantages

1. Remote Monitoring: Patients can be monitored continuously from their homes,

reducing the need for frequent hospital visits.
2. Early Detection: The system allows for early identification of health issues
through the monitoring of vital signs, preventing complications.
3. Cost-Effective: By minimizing the need for in-person consultations and
hospitalizations, the overall healthcare costs can be significantly reduced.
4. Accessibility: It enhances healthcare access for individuals in remote areas, where
medical help is often out of reach.
5. Automated Alerts: The system can automatically alert medical personnel and
family members in case of critical changes in a patient's health status.

Disadvantages
1. Dependency on Technology: The effectiveness of the system relies heavily on the
availability of technology and internet connectivity.
2. Data Privacy Concerns: Collecting and transmitting sensitive health information
raises potential privacy and security issues.
3. Reliability of Sensors: The accuracy of health data depends on the reliability of
the sensors used, which can vary.
4. Need for Continuous Monitoring: Healthcare professionals must still be present to
interpret data and intervene when necessary, which can be a logistical challenge.
Overall, while IoT-based health monitoring systems offer significant benefits,
addressing their limitations is essential for maximizing their effectiveness in
healthcare settings.

3-IoT-Based Smart Health Monitoring System for COVID-19

Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the need for efficient health monitoring
systems, particularly in remote areas where access to healthcare is limited. An
Internet of Things (IoT) based health monitoring system has been developed to
continuously track vital signs such as blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen levels, and
temperature. This system facilitates real-time monitoring and alerts healthcare
professionals about any significant health changes, enabling early diagnosis and
treatment. By leveraging high-speed internet and cloud storage, the system allows
for comprehensive health data management, thereby improving patient outcomes.

Advantages
1-Remote Monitoring: Enables continuous health tracking without frequent doctor
visits, which is essential during pandemics.
2-Early Detection: Alerts physicians to significant changes in patient health, allowing
for timely interventions.
3-Data Accessibility: Provides healthcare professionals with real-time access to
patient data, improving diagnosis accuracy.
4-Cost-Effective: Reduces healthcare costs by minimizing unnecessary hospital
visits and enabling outpatient monitoring.
5-Cloud Storage: Facilitates easy retrieval of historical health data for better patient
management and trend analysis.

Disadvantages
1-Internet Dependency: The system’s effectiveness relies on reliable internet
connectivity, which may not be available in all areas.
2-Data Privacy Risks: Storing sensitive health information on the cloud raises
concerns about data security and privacy breaches.
3-Sensor Accuracy: The performance of the system depends on the reliability of
sensors, which may vary and affect data quality.
4-Technical Complexity: Implementing and maintaining such a system requires
technical expertise, which may be a barrier for some healthcare providers.
Overall, while the IoT-based health monitoring system offers substantial benefits,
addressing its limitations is essential for maximizing its effectiveness in healthcare
delivery.