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Cs Module3

The document discusses frequency domain analysis, including methods such as sinusoidal transfer functions, frequency response, and stability analysis using various plots like polar, Nyquist, and Bode plots. It covers the determination of frequency domain specifications and the interrelations between frequency and time domains for second-order systems. Additionally, it explains the construction of Bode plots and the significance of corner frequencies in stability analysis.

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nukalab231148ee
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2 views

Cs Module3

The document discusses frequency domain analysis, including methods such as sinusoidal transfer functions, frequency response, and stability analysis using various plots like polar, Nyquist, and Bode plots. It covers the determination of frequency domain specifications and the interrelations between frequency and time domains for second-order systems. Additionally, it explains the construction of Bode plots and the significance of corner frequencies in stability analysis.

Uploaded by

nukalab231148ee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Frequency domain Analysis

Frequency domain methods - Sinusoidal transfer function – Frequency


response - Frequency domain specifications - peak resonance and
resonant frequency- correlation with time domain specifications.

Polar plot, Nyquist plot and Bode plot for stability analysis –
relative stability - gain margin and phase margin –

Nyquist Stability criteria - Bandwidth and cut off frequency –


Transfer function from Bode plot
Plotting frequency response
Draw the frequency response of the following system For ω= 0,1,2,5,10,20,50,100,200,α

Phase response is
frequency response of the system
Draw the frequency response of the following system

For ω= 0,1,2,5,10,20,50,100,200,α
frequency response of the system
Frequency and Time Domain Interrelations for a second order system
Magnitude response of a typical second order system for various values of damping factor
Plotting frequency response
Draw the frequency response of the following system For ω= 0,1,2,5,10,20,50,100,200,α

Phase response is
frequency response of the system
Graphical Representation of Frequency Response

1. Polar plot
2. Nyquist plot
3. Bode plot (asymptotic plots)
4. Constant M and N circles
5. Nichols chart
poles at the origin
Zeros at the origin
simple pole
Factor : Constant K
The constant K is independent of frequency w and hence the magnitude and phase angle of the factor are:

Magnitude : K
The real and imaginary parts of constant K are K and 0 respectively
Phase angle : 0

Since the magnitude, real part and imaginary part of constant K are independent of frequency,
the polar plot of constant K is a point on both polar graph and ordinary graph
Typical Sketches of Polar Plot
Determination of Frequency Domain Specifications from frequency domain plots (Bode Plot)
Determination of Frequency Domain Specification from Polar Plot
Stability Analysis using Polar Plot and Bode Plot
Sketch the polar plot for the system.
Bode Plot

The Bode plot consists of two plots:


Constructing the Bode Plot for a Given System

The open-loop transfer function may contain the combination of any of the following five factors:
Factor 1: Constant K Magnitude in dB = 20 logK.
Phase angle = 0°.

The constant K can have a value that is either greater than 1 or less than 1. The
magnitude corresponding to the gain that is greater than 1 is positive and gain
that is less than 1 is negative.
Factor 2:

The magnitude in dB will be


equal to zero at the frequency
value of 1 rad/sec
=

Magnitude plot

The slope of the line is determined as follows:


Hence, the magnitude plot of the simple pole can be approximated using the two
straight-line asymptotes
Corner frequency

The frequency at which two asymptotes meet is called corner frequency or break frequency.

An error exists in the magnitude plot


The reciprocal of a simple pole is a simple zero. Hence, the magnitude and phase plots of a
simple zero are just the mirror image of the plots of simple pole.

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