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Telecom Assignment

The document provides an overview of telecommunications and networks, defining key concepts such as open systems, middleware, intranets, and extranets. It outlines the basic components of telecommunications networks, types of networks like WAN and LAN, and various communication technologies including fiber optics and wireless systems. Additionally, it discusses important networking devices, protocols, and bandwidth considerations.

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ghostsami868
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3 views

Telecom Assignment

The document provides an overview of telecommunications and networks, defining key concepts such as open systems, middleware, intranets, and extranets. It outlines the basic components of telecommunications networks, types of networks like WAN and LAN, and various communication technologies including fiber optics and wireless systems. Additionally, it discusses important networking devices, protocols, and bandwidth considerations.

Uploaded by

ghostsami868
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Telecommunications and Networks Assignment

What is Open Systems?


Open systems are computer systems that use common standards, allowing different
systems and devices to work together smoothly.

What is Middleware?
Middleware is software that connects different software applications so they can
communicate and work together.

What is an Intranet?
An intranet is a private network within an organization that uses internet technology but is
only accessible to employees.

Security Measures in Intranet


Security measures include password protection, firewalls, data encryption, and access
control to limit unauthorized access.

What is an Extranet?
An extranet is a private network that allows selected external users, like business partners,
to access parts of a company's intranet.

Types of Links Used in Extranets


Extranets use secure links such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), encrypted internet
connections, and leased lines.

What is a Communications Network?


It is a system that transfers data between locations using connected devices and
transmission paths.

Five Basic Components of a Telecommunications Network


1. Terminals – Devices for input/output like computers
2. Telecommunications Processors – Manage data transmission
3. Channels – The paths for data, such as cables or air
4. Computers – Control and manage network activities
5. Control Software – Directs the flow of data through the network

Wide Area Network (WAN)


A WAN connects computers across large areas, such as across cities or countries.

Local Area Network (LAN)


A LAN connects computers within a limited area like an office or building.
Network Interface Card (NIC)
A hardware component that connects a computer to a network.

File Server / Network Server


A powerful computer that stores and manages files and resources on a network.

Virtual Private Network (VPN)


A secure connection over the internet that allows private communication.

What is Network Computing?


A model where many computers share processing tasks and resources across a network.

Three-Tier Architecture
1. Client Tier – The user interface
2. Application Tier – Handles business logic
3. Database Tier – Stores and manages data

Twisted-Pair Wire
A cable with two wires twisted together. Common and affordable, used in phone lines.

Coaxial Cable
A thick, shielded cable used for cable TV and internet connections.

Fiber Optics
Uses light to send data at high speeds. It's very fast, secure, and reliable.

Terrestrial Microwave
Wireless signals sent between towers, suitable for long-distance communication.

Communications Satellite
Uses satellites in space to send data over large areas.

Cellular and PCS Systems


Mobile networks used for voice and data communication on cell phones.

Wireless LANs (Wi-Fi)


Allows devices to connect wirelessly in a local area like a home or office.

Wireless Web / Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)


A set of rules that allows mobile devices to access the internet.

Modems
Devices that convert digital signals to analog for phone lines and back to digital.
Multiplexer
A device that combines several data signals into one for efficient transmission.

Internetwork Processor
Includes devices that help manage and connect networks:
- Switch: Sends data only to the target device
- Router: Directs data between networks
- Hub: Sends data to all connected devices
- Gateway: Connects networks using different protocols

Protocols
Rules that define how data is transmitted and received over networks.

Bandwidth
The amount of data that can pass through a network in a certain time.

Examples of Bandwidth
1. Voice Band – Low bandwidth, used for voice
2. Broadband – High bandwidth, used for videos and fast internet

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