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Global Positioning System: Senior Scientist/ Associate Professor

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that provides location and time information globally, managed by the U.S. Air Force. It consists of three segments: space, control, and user, with a constellation of over 30 satellites that allow for accurate positioning through trilateration. While GPS offers advantages like easy navigation and tracking, it also has limitations such as potential inaccuracies and privacy concerns.

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Roshan Singh Sidar
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16 views30 pages

Global Positioning System: Senior Scientist/ Associate Professor

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that provides location and time information globally, managed by the U.S. Air Force. It consists of three segments: space, control, and user, with a constellation of over 30 satellites that allow for accurate positioning through trilateration. While GPS offers advantages like easy navigation and tracking, it also has limitations such as potential inaccuracies and privacy concerns.

Uploaded by

Roshan Singh Sidar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Global Positioning System

By

Dr Dhiraj Khalkho
Senior Scientist/ Associate Professor

Dept. of Soil and Water Engineering


SVCAET&RS, IGKV, Raipur
[email protected]
9826534139 (M)
Introduction
• GPS means - A space-based satellite navigation system
• provides location and time information in all weather.
• The current system is managed by the U.S Air Force for the
Department of Defence (DOD) and is freely accessible by
anyone with a GPS receiver.
• The current system became fully operational June 26,
1993 when the 24th satellite was lunched.
• Official name : “Navigational Satellite Timing And
Ranging Global Positioning System” (NAVSTAR GPS)
• Consists of 30+ GPS satellites in medium Earth orbit
(2000km - 35,000 km).
• A minimum of four GPS satellite signals are required to
compute positions in three dimensions and the time offset
in thereceiver clock.
Global Positioning System
• Space-based satellite navigation system
• Provides location and time information
• In all weather, anywhere on or near the Earth
• Used to refer locations and help if you are lost.
• Secure cars, track your vehicles
• By sending SMS, making a missed call, preset
interval or GPS tracking software for real time
online tracking
Components of GPS
3 segments:
• Space segment
• Control segment
• User segment
Space segment-Information
• The GPS uses a constellation of 24 satellites that
orbit the earth at about 11,000 nautical miles or
20,200 KMs, once every 12 hours.
• Orbits are designed so that, at least, six satellites
are always within line of sight from any location
• on the planet
• The orbital position is constantly monitored and
updated by the ground stations.
• Each satellite is identified by number and
broadcasts a unique signal.
Space segment cont.
• Each satellite has 6 orbits.
• 3 satellites works for GPS, 4th satellite work for
accuracy.
• 3 satellites for 2d fix.
• Satellite orbital distance 20,000km.
• Orbital speed is 14,000km/hr
• 60 degrees apart and 55 degrees with respect to
equatorial plane.
• Use measurement of 4 satellites
Control Segment
• The ground segment of GPS(US) has one
master control, one alternative master control
station, 12 command and control antennas
and 16 monitoring sites.
• The master control station, located at Falcon Air
Force Base in Colorado Springs,
Responsible for overall management of the
remote monitoring and transmission sites.
• The monitor stations checks the exact altitude,
position, speed, and overall health of the
orbiting satellites. The control segment ensures
that the GPS satellite orbits and clocks remain
within acceptable limits.
• Ground antennas monitor and track the
satellites from horizon to horizon. They also
transmit correction information to individual
satellites.
User Segment
• Consists of GPS receiver.
• The receiver collects and processes
• signals from the GPS satellites.
• Use that information to determine and display
the location, speed, time and so on.
• The accuracy and reliability is enhanced as the
number of visible satellites increases.
WORKING PRINCIPLE

• Geometric Principle:
You can find one’s location if you know its
distance from other, already-known locations.

Things which need to be determined:


• Current Locations of GPS Satellites.
• The Distance Between Receiver’s Position and
the GPS Satellites.
Working of GPS
Consist of two main components
• Receiver
• Location
Receiver
• The receiver collects satellite signals, decodes
and processes them.
• The basic receiver does not include a
transmitter.
• Different levels of precision are available.
• The receiver determines its location by
trilateration.
GPS Trilateration
• Knowing its distance from three
satellites, the receiver can
determine its location because
there is only two possible
combinations and one of them
is out in space.
• In this example, the receiver is
located at b.
• The more satellite that are used,
the greater the potential
accuracy of the position
location.
Location
Once the GPS receiver has located its position it
is usually displayed in one of two common
formats:
• Latitude and longitude
• Universal transverse Mercator (UTM).
Devices using GPS
Advantages of GPS
• Easy to navigate
• Search nearby area
• Weather information
• Tracking
• Updated regularly
Easy to Navigate
• Determine exactly where you are at any given
moment.
• Give you the exact latitude and longitude
Disadvantages and Limitations
• Need good care and handling
• Need external power
• Inaccuracy
• Potential failures
• Privacy concerns
• Geometry of satellite position
• Satellite clock errors
• SV position
Inaccuracy
• Obstacles like
buildings and trees
can deflect the
signal
Principles of DGPS
THANK YOU

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