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Mathematics

Integration by parts is a technique used to find the integral of a product of functions by relating it to the integral of their derivative and antiderivative. The method is applied to various functions, including algebraic and logarithmic functions, and is illustrated with examples such as ∫x cos x and ∫log x dx. The document provides a step-by-step approach to solving integrals using this formula.

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5 views4 pages

Mathematics

Integration by parts is a technique used to find the integral of a product of functions by relating it to the integral of their derivative and antiderivative. The method is applied to various functions, including algebraic and logarithmic functions, and is illustrated with examples such as ∫x cos x and ∫log x dx. The document provides a step-by-step approach to solving integrals using this formula.

Uploaded by

heartsruth51
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Integration by parts or partial integration is a process that finds the integral

of a product of functions in terms of the integral of the product of their


derivative and antiderivative.

By Parts formula is used for integrating the product of two functions. This
method is used to find the integrals by reducing them into standard forms.
For example, if we have to find the integration of x sin x, then we need to
use this formula. The integrand is the product of the two functions.

What Are the Applications of the Integration By Parts Formula? The


integration by parts formula is used to find the integral of the product of two
different types of functions. Also, this formula is used to find the integral of
various functions such as sin-1x, ln x, etc by assuming the second function
as 1.

Evaluate ∫lnxx3dx.

∫lnxx3dx=∫x−3lnxdx.

Since this integral contains the algebraic function x−3 and the logarithmic
function lnx, choose u=lnx, since L comes before A in LIATE. After we have
chosen u=lnx, we must choose dv=x−3dx.

Next, since u=lnx, we have du=1xdx.

Examples

Q.1: Find ∫ x cos x

Solution: Given, ∫ x cos x

The integrand here is the product of two functions.

Therefore, we have to apply the formula of integration by parts.

As per the formula, we have to consider, dv/dx as one function and u as


another function.
Here, let x is equal to u, so that after differentiation, du/dx = 1, the value we
get is a constant value.

Again,

U = x and dv/dx = cos x

We already found the value, du/dx = 1

Now, since dv/dx = cos x

On integrating both the sides we get;

V = ∫ cox dx

V = sin x

Now, using the formula,

∫u (dv/dx) dx = uv – ∫v (du/dx)dx

∫x cox x dx = x sin x – ∫ sin x . 1 dx

∫x cox x dx = x sinx + cos x + c

Where c is a constant.
Q.2: Find ∫log x dx

Solution: Let us assume here log x is the first function and constant 1 is the
second function. Then the integral of the second function is x. Therefore,

∫(log x.1) dx = log x ∫1 dx – ∫[d/dx(log x) ∫1 dx]dx

= (log x).x – ∫1/x.x dx

= x log x – x + C

Q.3: Find ∫ ex sin x dx

Solution: Let us take ex as first function and sin x as the second function.

Now by integrating the functions by parts, we get;

I = ∫ ex sin x dx = ex (-cos x) + ∫ ex cos x dx

I = -ex cos x + I’ …..(1)

Now, taking ex as first function and cos x as second function, we get;

I’ = ex sin x – ∫ ex sin x dx

Putting the value of I’ in eq.(1), we get;


I = – ex cos x + ex sin x – I

Or

2I = ex (sin x – cos x)

Therefore, ∫ ex sin x dx = ex/2 (sin x – cos x) +

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