Class Seven

Chapter Seven
The Use of Energy
► Short answered question:

Ques-1: What is the difference between power and energy?

Ans: The difference between power and energy is given below:
Energy Power
1. The capacity for doing work is called energy. The ability for doing work is called power.
2. If we divided total work to total time we 2. The amount of work is power.
found energy.
3. The unit of energy is joule. The unite of energy is watt.
Ques-2. Explain that amount of energy remains unchanged.
Ans: Energy can be concerned from one form to another farm and the energy concerted before and after
total energy remains unchanged. Naturally we cannot create new energy.
Even we cannot destroy energy. That means the overall energy doesn't change at all. In the beginning
the amount of energy we had, the same amount we have now. This is unchanged energy or energy
preservation.
Ques-3. Mention the reasons of energy crisis.
Ans: Crisis of energy causes for the following reasons.
i. more energy is required to meet the demand of increasing population.
ii. Developing countries are building structures, roads, industries etc. and using vehicles at a high rate.
Energy is being used for construction purpose and vehicle maintenance.
iii. People are constructing luxurious buildings for better living. Energy deficiency is caused due to
using of radio, TV, VCR, AC and so on at large scale.
iv. Business communication and other activities of people are increasing day by day. Energy is being
used largely for this purpose.
v. Which nation are developed those nation needs more energy per head.
Acuteness of energy is occurs if we fail to supply necessary energy for all above purpose. That is why
we are looking for alternative energy.

Ques-4. How can we get the benefits of non- renewable energy?

Ans: It may consider the merits of now renewable energy from two sides. Price and availabity. Most of the
vehicles and machines which are run by renewable energy need more expance if they use non-
renewable energy. Such as the vehicles run by natural gas or oil/petrol require low cost. On the other
hand, it is difficult and expensive to run a vehicle using renewable energy sources such as; Solar
energy. Non-renewable energy is cleap; we may get more energy from less quantity of elements. As
for example, large amount of electricity can be produced from less Uranium.

Question-Answer to the Exercise

Ques-1: There is no electricity till now in Adib's village named Nabottampur. That is why many of the
villagers use solar electricity/power. He went to Kaptai with his uncle during last Eid vacation
and found that electricity was being produced from water also.
a. What is the main source of energy?
b. Why is natural gas non-renewable energy? Explain
c. Explain the way of producing electricity from water seen by Adib at Kaptai.
d. Explain the merits and demerits of using solar
energy according to Adib's villagers.

Answer to the question no. 1

(a) Sun is the main source of energy.

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 (b) Non-renewable energy means if we use this kind of energy from a source we can not produce more
energy from that source. Basically natural gas is a natural resource which we cannot produce more
than once. Natural gas is used within short time after it is produced. Natural gas is mainly used as fuel
and after using, it is not possible to produce more energy from it.
(c) At Kaptai electricity is produced from water by using potential energy of water. In this method,
water of lofty lake is stopped by a barrier. There are gates at the lower part of the barrier by which
water flow is controlled. When gates are opened the water flow forcefully from the lofty lake to the
down side through a channel. There is also a turbine with lots of fans at the lower part of the barrier.
When water goes down fans of turbine hits the water and started to move round and round. In this way
electricity is produced by using potential energy of water and the circular movement of generator
which is attached with the turbine.
(d) Many villagers of Adib's village use solar energy to produce electricity. Solar energy is a
renewable energy.
There are some merits and limitations of using solar energy.
Merits :
i. Solar energy is a renewable energy. That is why we can use it again and again.
ii. Solar energy will never be ended.
iii. It does not pollute environment.
iv. Solar energy is used in order to make the house warm in cold countries.
v. It is used for drying grains, fishes, vegetables and for making dried fishes.
vi. Mainly it is possible to produce electricity by solar cell.
Limitations:
i. Small amount of solar energy can be produced by using solar cells.
ii. We may get renewable energy based on solar energy if sunrays are available. But rain may interrupt
here.
iii. Producing energy from sun is expensive.

Ques-2: Now a day Mr. Rashed is producing one kind of gas from the excrement of animal farms. He
can sell extra gas after fulfilling the demand of his own farm
a. What is power?
b. Describe the necessity of energy transformation.
c Explain the nature of the source of energy of the gas produced by stimulator.
d. Analyze the necessity of activities of Mr. Rashed regarding energy conservation.
Answer to the question no. 2
(a) When someone does any work as quickly as possible, it is called his/her power, That means if we
multiply total work by total time we get power.

(b) We get energy from natural sources. Energy remains in different forms in different sources of
energy. In our everyday lives, we need different forms of energy such as - light energy, chemical
energy, thennal energy, sound energy, mechanical energy, air energy etc. But it is not possible to get
convenient forms of energy from natural sources. In this situation we need conversion of energy. If
there is no conversion of energy we will not be able to use it longer no matter how available the energy
is.
(c) The produced gas in the stimulant is the soruce of renewable energy. The gas which is producedgby
the stimulator is mainly a biogas which is a renewable energy. In case of renewable energy we can
produce energy by an object and we can reuse the object in order to produce energy again. Biogas is a
kind of energy source which we can use again and again. Mr. Rashed can sell extra gas after fulfilling
the demand of his own farm. The biggest advantage of biogas is it is environment friendly and can be
used as a clean fuel. Biogas also helps to get high quality organic fertilizer. As long as cattles are
reared in our villages we get exertion.
The most effective way of recognizing renewable energy is, there is no possibility of exhaustion.
Therefore, it is possible to produce biogas all time. That is why it is called a source of renewable
energy.

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 (d) Actually the gas is produced by Mr. Rashed is a source of renewable energy. Mr. Rashed is
preserving energy from the source of renewable energy. Though fossil fuel is an important source of
energy but it is limited and finished once. At the same time because of using wood and dry straw as
fuel our forest resources are decreasing.
Fertility of land is decreasing and environment is destroying. None of these objects are used for
producing bio gas. Therefore, environment remains clean and also pressure is reducing on forest
resources. Soil fertility is preserved and none of the fossil fuels are used. Therefore energy is
conserved.
On the other hand, it is expensive to take natural gas from one place to another. In this, situation, Mr.
Rashed can fulfill his demand from his biogas and moreover he can sell extra gas. As an agriculture
depended country it is very easy to produce biogas which comes from poultry and livestock farms.
Again, after producing biogas we can get high quality organic manure from the remnant of the biogas
plant. Because of biogas is a source of renewable energy, Mr. Rashed is contributing in energy
conversion by above mentioned ways after fulfilling his own demand.
Ques-3: i. Rain fall → water electricity →
electrical energy
Solar energy
ii. Fossil fuel → thermal energy
iii. Heat and light energy
Electrical iv. Heat and chemical energy
energy
(a) What is called chemical energy?
(b) What is the reason of energy crisis though the total amount of energy is fixed.
(c) In case of solar energy how energy is converting -- explain it.
(d) Show relationship of number I with number III and IV and explain source of all energy is same.
Answer to the question no. 3
(a) Energy stored in food or fuel is called chemical energy.
(b) According to the law of conservation of energy, energy can not be created or destroyed, only
transforms one state to another. Amount of energy in the Universe is fixed and unchangeable.
According to the theory, total amount of energy in the world is always same but this energy only
transform from one state to another. The energy we use is converted and stored as internal energy of
the environment. Therefore, it is lost and we can not use this energy. Because of not using again this
lost energy we face energy crisis.
(c) In the stimulant energies are transforming by the following ways:
i. Solar energy  Rainfall Water electricity  Electrical energy.
Heat from the sun evaporates water from river, sea, canal and transformed into cloud. From cloud
rainfall occurs and rivers, canals are filled up with water. By creating barrier to the flow of river water
and by using it’s kinetic energy turbine is moved with what a generator is connected. Electricity is
produced from this generator.
ii. Solar energy  Fossil fuel  Thermal energy. By using photosynthesis mechanism green plants
store solar energy as chemical energy in their body. Animals take green plant as food and also store
this energy in their body too. When plants and animals die their body under the soil surface gradually
convert into fossil fuel like coal, mineral oil, natural gas etc. We do many works by the thermal
energy, we get if by burning fossil fuel.
(d) In the stimulant at number (i) reaction, process of producing electricity by using solar energy has
been shown. Solar energy evaporates water and water steam transformed into cloud. Rivers are filled
up with water from rainfall. Electricity is produced by creating barrier at river and moving turbine
through generator.
In the number (iii) reaction, we can see that filament is heated when produced electricity is transferred
through the electric bulb. Then we can see the light. In this way electrical energy turns into thermal
energy and then thermal energy turns into light energy. In number (iv) reaction, we can see that in the
electrical iron, heater etc. electrical energy turns into thermal energy. In the stored cell electrical
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 energy is stored as chemical energy. From the above discussion we can understand that electricity is
produced indirectly from the effect of solar energy. This electricity sometimes convert into thermal
energy and sometimes convert into chemical energy. Solar energy is convert into different forms of
energy continuously. Therefore, it is possible to say that the source of all energy is same.
Ques-4: Rafiq went to his uncle's home for a vacation during Ramadan. There he noticed that his uncle was
drying clothes by burning gas stove. He also unnecessarily light up the lamps. On the way to his home
he also noticed that the engines of car was running though the car was stopped in the traffic jam. He
called his uncle and said that, it is not good to waste energy like these. Later we will not get any
energy when we will need it.
(a) By which term we can measure energy?
(b) Explain why electricity and gas is not renewable energy?
(c) Discuss the way energy is converting into the vehicles that was noticed by Rafiq.
(d) Explain the types of concern that will be built up in the life of Rafiq's uncle after what he said to
his uncle.
Answer to the question no. 4
(a) Energy can be measured by work.
(b) Electricity and gas are not renewable energy. Explanation : The sources of energy which we can
use again and again is called renewable energy. These sources will no be depleted. Like - solar energy.
On the other side, electricity and gas are limited and after using a certain amount will finish. Moreover
after using electricity and gas once we can not reuse it. That means renewal is not possible of these
sources. Therefore, electricity and gas are not renewable energies.
(c) Describe conservation of energy in the car’s engine.
(d) Describe how we need to be aware for energy conservation.
Revision Part
Ques-l. By what energy is measured?
Ans: Energy is measured by work.
Ques-2. What is the unit of energy?
Ans: Unit of energy is Joule.
Ques-3. What is kinetic energy?
Ans: Working for the capacity of speed is called kinetic energy.
Ques-4. What is static energy?
Ans: Energy stored for the change of special state from another is called static energy.
Ques-5. What is chemical energy?
Ans: Energy stored in food or fuel is called chemical energy.
Ques-6. What is light energy?
Ans: Energy which comes from the sun with thermal energy is light energy.
Ques-7. Which energy can be transmitted from one place to another with the help of wire?
Ans: Energy can be transmitted from one place to another with the help of wire.
Ques-8. If flute is played which energy turns into what?
Ans: If flute is played mechanical energy turns into sound energy.
Ques-9. What- is the conversion of energies on photographic paper?
Ans: Thermal energy turns into chemical energy when it works on photographic paper.
Ques-10. What is biogas?
Ans: Excrement from domestic animals, crops and plants are kept outside to get rotten and thus
energy is produced. In this way the energy we get is called biogas.
Ques-11.What we get when sunray falls upon the solar cell.
Ans: We directly get electricity when sunray falls upon it.
Ques-12. What is used to supply electricity in satellite?
Ans: Solar cell is used to supply electricity in satellite.

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► Comprehension
Ques-1. What do you mean by atomic energy?
Ans: Matter is composed of atoms. The inner content of atom is bound together by a very powerful
force. This binding can be broken by a very powerful energy is called atomic energy. We may get
nuclear energy by applying force and separate the elements from atom. This energy can be transformed
into electrical energy and be used to work.
Ques-2. What is the conversion of energy when paddy is processed in a husking-pedal ---explain
it.
Ans: When someone processes paddy in a husking pedal he/she applies mechanical energy. This
energy is converted into sound energy by the husking - pedal.
Moreover this energy also is converted into thermal energy.
Ques-3. Write down two uses of vibration of sound.
Ans: By vibration of sound ---
i. gems are killed.
ii. clothes are cleaned.
Ques-4. What are the merits of renewable energy?
Ans: Merits of renewable energy are as follows:
i. Air and sunlight are the unlimited sources of energy because it always exist.
ii. More energy can be produced by using water flow. The bridge made to prevent water flow develops
road networking.
iii. As the moon influences ebb-tide of water and it happens regularly, we can use energy produce from
ebb -tide of water as renewable energy.
iv. Renewable energy is always environment friendly. Because they do not spread out CO2 in the air.
Ques-5. What are the limitations of renewable energy?
Ans: Limitations of renewable energy are as follow:
i. We get limited amount of energy from biogas.
ii. We may get renewable energy based on solar energy if sunrays are available. But rain may interrupt
it.
iii. Renewable energy produced from sun, air and water flow is expensive.
iv. The main problem of producing energy from wind is that air flow does not exist all the time.
Ques-6. What are the merits of non-renewable energy.
Ans: Merits of non-renewable energy can be considered from two sides. Price and availability.
Running vehicles and machines by renewable energy is costly than running them by non renewable
energy. Such as : the vehicles run by natural gas or oil/petrol require low cost. On the other hand, it is
difficult and expensive to run a vehicle using renewable energy sources such as: rechargeable battery,
solar energy. At present there are many vehicles which are running by rechargeable battery which is
very expensive and lack of energy. Non- renewable energy is cheap; we may get more energy from
less quantity of elements. For example, large amount of electricity can be produced from less uranium.
Ques-7. What are the limitations of non-renewable energy?
Ans: Limitations of non-renewable energy are :
i. The energy is non-renewable and finished frequently
i. in fact does finish.
ii. It pollutes environment at a large scale.
iii. Burning non-renewable sources spread carbon di-oxide which cause global warming.
Ques-8. What are the initiatives that can be taken by us to prevent misuse of energy in our daily
life.
Ans: To prevent misuse of energy in our daily we may take the following initiatives:
i. To consider energy as a whole rather than personal asset.
ii. To maintain defected vehicles or machine properly.
iii. We should not run the engine of vehicles without any reason.
iv. Electric bulb, fan should be switched on only when necessary otherwise should be switched off.

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 Multiple Choice Questions:
1. Which one is related to work?
a) Time b) Man c) Force d) Weight
2. Which one is used to measure work?
a) Work = Force × Mass b) Work = Force × distance covered by the body
c) Work = Force × Rass d) Work = Force ÷ distance covered by the body
3. Which is used to find power?
a) Power = Work× Time Energy b) Power = Work× Time
c) Power = Work-Time d) Power = Work ÷ Time
4. Which is unit of work?
a) Dyne b) Joule c) Pound d) Newton
5. Which is unit of Energy?
a) Joule b) Pound c) Dyne d) Newton
6. for existence of living beings, which one of the following is essential?
a) Electrical energy b) Sound energy
c) Chemical energy d) Heat energy
7. Which one of the following is attracted by a magnet?
a) Copper b) Bran c) Glam d) Iron
8. Which one is required for us for seeing an object?
a) Eyes b) Heat energy c) Light energy d) Sound energy
9. What is a matter composed of?
a) Charge b) Ion c) Atom d) Molecule
10. Due to influence of which does a fan rotate?
a) Mechanical energy b) Electrical energy
c) Light energy d) Sound energy
11. Which one of the following energies is used to run a pocket calculator?
a) Chemical energy b) Magnetic energy c) Solar energy d) Heat energy
12. Which one is non- renewable energy?
a) Air b) Water c) Light d) Mineral oil
13. Want of which of the following does the motion of life stop?
a) Computer b) Radio c) Energy d) Natural gas
14. The factor related to work is—
i. Force ii. Time iii. The distance covered by the body
Which one of the following is correct?
a) i b) i & iii c) ii & iii d) i, ii & iii
15. We get— from the sun?
i. Heat ii. Light iii. Hydrogen gas
Which one of the following is correct?
a) i & ii b) i & iii c) ii & iii d) i, ii & iii
16. Which one is run by the influence of electrical energy?
i. Fan ii. Mills and factories iii. Motor cars
Which one of the following is correct?
a) i b) i & ii c) ii & iii d) i, ii & iii
17. Which is an example of the source of renewable?
Which one of the following is correct?
a) i b) i & ii c) ii & iii d) i, ii & iii
18. From sun we get-
i) heat
ii) light
iii) sound
Which one of the following
a) i b) ii c) i and ii  d) ii and iii

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19. Capacity of doing work is called-
i) power
ii) energy
iii) force
Which one of the following
a) i b) ii c) i and ii d) ii and iii
20. Which renewable energy?
a) coal b) biogas c) natural gas d) petroleum
21. Which is used in biogas?
a) diesel and gas b) petrol
c) excrements from cows, hens, plants d) natural gas
22. Which machine is used for converting solar energy into electricity?
a) electric bulb b) steam engine
c) lantern d) pocket calculator
23. Joule-
i) the unit of work
ii) the unit of energy
iii) the unit of power
Which one of the following
a) i b) ii c) i and ii d) ii and iii
24. Example of mechanical energy-
i) running
ii) driving a car
iii) picking mango by catapult
Which one of the following
a) i b) ii c) i and ii d) i, ii and iii