A CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION LAB REPORT

ON

WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM USING ESP-32

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree.

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Under the guidance of

Mr.P.C.BHARATH KUMAR, M.E.,

Mr.S.NARENDRA KUMAR, M.E.,

Assistant Professor / ECE

BY

B NITHIN 22751A0409
B PRANEETH 22751A0410
C MANOJ KUMAR 22751A0422
K NITHIN KUMAR 22751A0447

SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES,

CHITTOOR-517127, A.P.
(Autonomous)
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

(2022-2026)

1
 SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
(Autonomous)
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu)

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled “`WEATHER MONITORING USING DTH11 , LDR
LASER , BMP180 , RAIN-SENSORS , ” is a genuine work of

B NITHIN 22751A0409
B PRANEETH 22751A0410
C MANOJ KUMAR 22751A0422
QQK NITHIN KUMAR 22751A0447

Submitted to the department of Mechanical Engineering, in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University
,Ananthapuramu.

Signature of the Supervisor Signature of the Head of Department

Mr.S.NARENDRA KUMAR, M.E., Dr.C.KAVITHA , Ph.D
Assistant Professor, HEAD OF THE DEPT,
Department of ECE Department of ECE
Sreenivasa Institute of Technology and Sreenivasa Institute of Technology and
Management Studies, Chittoor, A.P. Management Studies, Chittoor, A.P.

Submitted for University Examination (Viva-Voce) held on……………………

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A Project of this magnitude would have not been possible without the guidance and co-ordination
of many people. I am fortune in having top quality people to help, support and guide us in every step
towards our goal.

Our team is very much grateful to the Chairman Sri K. Ranganadham, Garu for his
encouragement and stalwart support. We are also extremely indebted to the Secretary Sri D.K. Badri
Narayana, Garu for his constant support.

We express our sincere thanks to our Academic Advisor Dr. K.L. Narayana., M.Tech., Ph.D,
further, we would like to express our profound gratitude to our principal
Dr.N.Venkatachalapathi, M.T.ech, Ph.D for providing all possible facilities throughout the completion
of our project work.

We express our sincere thanks to our Dean (Academics), Dr.M.Saravanan, M.E., Ph.D., further
we express our sincere thanks to our Head of the Department Dr.C.Kavitha M.E.,Ph.d., for his co-
operation and valuable suggestions towards the completion of project work.

We express our sincere thanks go our guide Mr.P.C.Bharath Kumar M.E., and Mr.S.Narendra
Kumar M.E., for offering this opportunity to do this work under his guidance

We express our sincere salutation to all other teaching and non-teaching staff of our department for
their direct and indirect support given during our project work. Last but not the least, we dedicate this work
to our parents and the Almighty who have been with us throughout and helped us to overcome the hard
times.

B NITHIN 22751A0409
B PRANEETH 22751A0410
C MANOJ KUMAR 22751A0422
K NITHIN KUMAR 22751A0447

3
 SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
(Autonomous)
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Institute Vision
To Emerge As a Centre of Excellence For learning and research in the domains of
engineering,computing and management.

Institute Mission
M1: Provide congenial academic ambience with state-art of resources for learning and research.

M2:Ignite the students to acquire self-reliance in the latest technologies.

M3:Unleash and encourage the innate potential and creativity of students.

M4: Inculcate confidence to face and experience new challenges.

M5:Foster enterprising spirit among students.

Department Vision
To Became a centre of excellence in Electronics And Communication Engineering and provide necessary
skills to the students to meet the challenges of industry and society.

Department Mission
 Provide congenial academic ambience with necessary infrastructure and learning resources.

 Inculcate confidence to face and experience new challenges from industry and society.

 Ignite the students to acquire self-reliance in State-of-the-Art Technologies.

 Foster Enterprising spirit among students.

4
SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
(Autonomous)
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEO’s):

PEO1: Have Professional competency through the application of knowledge gained from subjects like
Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Inter-Disciplinary and core subjects like Signal Processing, VLSI,
Embedded Systems, Communication and Automation. (Professional Competency).

PEO2: Excel in one’s career by critical thinking towards successful services and growth of the organization
or as an entrepreneur or through higher studies.(Successful Career Goals).

PEO3: Enhance knowledge by updating advanced technological concepts for facing the rapidly changing
world and contribute to society through innovation and creativity (Continuing Education and
Contribution to Society).

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSO’s):

PSO1: Apply the knowledge obtained in core areas for the analysis and design of components in Signal
Processing, VLSI, Embedded Systems, Communication and Automation.

PSO2: Adapt Innovation, Creativity and design to develop products which meet the industrial and societal
needs.

5
 PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (PO’s):

P01-Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals,

and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.

P02-Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex engineering
problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and
engineering sciences.

P03- Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design
system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the public
health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.

P04-Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research methods
including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to
provide valid conclusions.

P05-Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern
engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities with an
understanding of the limitations.

P06-The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess societal,
health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional
engineering practice.

P07-Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering solutions in
societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable
development.

P08-Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of
the engineering practice.

P09-Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in
diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.

P10-Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering

community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports and
design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.

P11-Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering
and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to
manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.

P12-Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in
independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

6
 SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
(Autonomous)
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Course Out Comes for Project Work:

On completion of mini-project work the student will be able to

CO1. Demonstrate in-depth knowledge on the project topic.

CO2. Identify, analyze and formulate complex problem chosen for project work to attain substantiated
conclusions.

CO3. Design solutions to the chosen project problem.

CO4. Undertake investigation of project problem to provide valid conclusions.

CO5. Use the appropriate techniques, resources and modern engineering tools necessary for project work.

CO6. Apply project results for sustainable development of the society.

CO7. Understand the impact of project results in the context of environmental sustainability.

CO8. Understand professional and ethical responsibilities while executing the project work.

CO9. Function effectively as individual and a member in the project team.

CO10. Develop communication skills, both oral and written for preparing and presenting project report.

CO11. Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of cost and time analysis required for carrying out the
project.

CO12. Engage in lifelong learning to improve knowledge and competence in the chosen area of the
project.

7
SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
(Autonomous)
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CO – PO MAPPING

CO\P PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO1 PO1 PO1 PSO PSO

O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 2
CO.1 3 - - - - - - - - - - - 3 3

CO.2 - 3 - - - - - - - - - - 3 3

CO.3 - - 3 - - - - - - - - - 3 3

CO.4 - - - 3 - - - - - - - - 3 3

CO.5 - - - - 3 - - - - - - - 3 3

CO.6 - - - - - 3 - - - - - - 3 3

CO.7 - - - - - - 3 - - - - - 3 3

CO.8 - - - - - - - 3 - - - - 3 3

CO.9 - - - - - - - - 3 - - - 3 3

CO.10 - - - - - - - - - 3 - - 3 3

CO.11 - - - - - - - - - - 3 - 3 3

CO.12 - - - - - - - - - - - 3 3 3

CO 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

8
SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
(Autonomous)
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Evaluation Rubrics for Project Work

9
 DECLARATION

I certify that,

 The work contained in this report is original and has been done by me under the
Guidance of my supervisor.
 The work has not been submitted to any other Institute for any degree or diploma.
 I have followed the guidelines provided by the Institute in preparing the report.
 I have conformed to the norms and guidelines given in the Ethical Code of Conduct of the
Institute.
 Whenever I have used materials (data, theoretical analysis,figures,and text)from other sources, I
have given due credit to them by citing them in the text of the report and giving their details in
the references. Further, I have taken permission from the copyright owners of the sources,
whenever necessary.

B NITHIN 22751A0409
B PRANEETH 22751A0410
C MANOJ KUMAR 22751A0422
K NITHIN KUMAR 22751A0447

10
 ABSTRACT

This project presents an innovative “Weather monitoring system”.

The goal of a weather monitoring system is to detect, record and display
Weather characteristics like temperature, humidity, barometric pressure
and light intensity .To gather he information from real - time data from
interconnected sensors and devices . And also represents the effects of
initial conditions sensitivity. It provides accurate weather data that help
to the farmers to make informed decisions about irrigation,planting and
harvesting.

11
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1

1.2 BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION

1.3 SCOPE ON PRESENT WORK

1.4 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

1.5 OBJECTIVE OF PRESENT WORK

1.6 METHODOLOGY

2 LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 ANAYLYSIS OF SENSOR LIGHT

2.2 OPERATIONAL PRINCIPLE

3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.2 HARDWARE COMPONENTS

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 BASIC OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE

5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

REFERENCES
APPENDIX

12
 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION:

In this project, we have shown how to make a motion sensor light using the E18-D80NK IR
proximity sensor and CD4017 IC.We can use this motion-activated light circuit as an automatic
washroom light switch. We have not used any micro controller or Arduino for this project.When anyone
enters the washroom the IR proximity sensor senses the motion and turns on the washroom light.

After that, when he or she exits the washroom, the IR sensor again senses the motion and turns off
the light automatically.Here, each time the IR proximity sensor detects any motion, it sends the clock pulse
to CD4017 IC. Then the 4017 IC changes the previous state of PIN 2.We can also control the light with
manual switches also.

Overall,the introduction would aim to capture the reader’s interest by framing automatic motion
sensor light as a pivotal innovation to decrease the over usage of electricity.

An Automatic motion sensor light using proximity sensor system would contextualize the need for
such technology in today's environment.It would highlights the challenges of today's environment
including congestion, inefficiency,and over load of power.

Next it would introduce automatic motion sensor light as a innovative solution design to address
these challenges.This system employs advance technologies such as sensors,diodes,and Led's which will
make the system to work efficiently and properly.

1.2 BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION:

Certainly! Let’s delve into the background and motivation behind creating a weather monitoring system
using ESP

Background:
Motion Sensor Light Switch:

A motion sensor light switch is designed to automatically turn on or off a light source based on
detected motion. It’s commonly used in areas like washrooms, hallways, and closets to save energy and
enhance convenience. Traditional motion sensor switches often rely on micro controllers or Arduino
boards. However, the CD4017 project we’ll discuss avoids these complexities.

Automatic motion sensor light systems, also known as automated light systems, have emerged as
innovative solutions to address the challenges of urban congestion, limited space, and environmental
concerns. These systems utilize advanced technology to automatically glow light when any motion detects
and retrieve without the need for human intervention.
13
 The background of automatic car parking systems can be traced back to the increasing urbanization
and the rapid growth of vehicles on roads, especially in densely populated cities. Traditional parking
garages and lots often struggle to accommodate the growing number of vehicles, leading to issues such as
traffic congestion, pollution, and wasted time and fuel spent searching for parking spots

Motivation:

Simplicity and Efficiency:

The primary motivation behind this project is simplicity. By using the CD4017 IC (a decade counter)
and the E18-D80NK IR proximity sensor, we create a straightforward motion-activated light switch without
the need for additional microcontrollers.The goal is to automate the washroom light, turning it on when
someone enters and off when they exit.

1.3 SCOPE OF PRESENT WORK

The motion sensor switch using the CD4017 IC and E18-D80NK IR proximity sensor has practical
applications in home automation and energy-saving systems. Here are the key scopes of its present use:

1. Automatic Washroom Light Switch:

The primary application is as an automatic washroom light switch .When someone enters the
washroom, the IR proximity sensor detects motion and turns on the light.Upon exiting, the sensor again
senses motion and turns off the light, saving energy.

2. Energy Efficiency:

By automatically controlling lighting based on occupancy, this system reduces unnecessary energy
consumption.It’s especially useful in areas where people often forget to turn off lights, such as washrooms,
closets, or hallways.

3. Simplicity and Cost-Effectiveness:

Unlike more complex microcontroller-based motion sensors, this circuit uses basic components
(CD4017, IR sensor, and transistors).It’s an affordable and straightforward solution for motion-activated
lighting.

4. Customization:

Users can adapt this circuit for other applications, such as hallway lights, garage lights, or outdoor
security lights.Adjusting the sensitivity threshold and timing can tailor it to specific needs.

14
5. Safety and Security:

Ensuring the safety and security of automated parking systems is paramount to their widespread adoption.
Current research focuses on developing robust safety protocols, collision avoidance systems, and cyber
security measures to protect against accidents, vandalism, and unauthorized access.

Remember that while this project provides a simple solution, more advanced systems may incorporate
microcontrollers, timers, and additional features. However, for basic motion sensing, the CD4017 and E18-
D80NK combination is effective and accessible.

1.4 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

Identifying problems in motion sensor light systems involves recognizing the challenges and issues that
both users and operators facing .The motion sensor switch using the CD4017 IC and E18-D80NK IR
proximity sensor aims to address several practical challenges related to automatic lighting control. Let’s
identify these problems:

1. Energy Waste:

Traditional manual light switches often lead to energy waste because people forget to turn off lights
when leaving a room.The motion sensor switch solves this problem by automatically turning off the light
when no motion is detected.

2. Convenience and Automation:

The inconvenience of manually switching lights on and off can be addressed by automating the
process.The motion sensor switch ensures that lights turn on when someone enters a room (e.g., a
washroom) and turn off when they leave.

3. Cost-Effective Solution:

Complex motion sensor systems with microcontrollers can be expensive and require additional
components.The CD4017 and E18-D80NK combination provides a cost-effective solution for motion-
activated lighting without the need for complex programming.The motion sensor switch using the CD4017
IC and E18-D80NK IR proximity sensor aims to address several practical challenges related to automatic
lighting control. Let’s identify these problems:

4. Adjustable Sensitivity:

The E18-D80NK IR sensor’s range can be adjusted, allowing customization based on the specific area
where it’s installed.Ensuring optimal sensitivity prevents false triggers and enhances reliability.

In summary, the motion sensor switch addresses energy waste, enhances convenience, offers
a budget-friendly solution, and allows customization for different scenarios

15
 Motion sensor light

1.5 OBJECTIVE OF PRESENT WORK

The objectives of present work in automatic car parking systems encompass various aspects aimed at
improving efficiency, usability, safety, and sustainability. Some key objectives includes Certainly! The
objective of the motion sensor light project using the CD4017 IC and the E18-D80NK IR proximity
sensor is three fold:
16
1. Energy Efficiency:

The project aims to reduce electricity wastage by automatically turning on the washroom light when
someone enters and off when they exit

2. Safety Enhancement:

It enhances safety for children and individuals with mental disabilities by ensuring adequate lighting
in the washroom.

3. Infection Control:

By minimizing contact with light switches, especially in shared spaces like washrooms, the project
contributes to infection control.

4. Environmental Sustainability:

Promoting environmental sustainability by reducing the environmental impact of lighting facilities.

This includes integrating renewable energy sources, such as solar power infrastructure, as well as
implementing energy efficient technologies and materials to minimize energy consumption and carbon
emissions.

5. User Experience:

Improving the user experience of automatic sensor light systems to make light more convenient,
intuitive, and user-friendly. This involves designing intuitive user interfaces, providing real-time
information on light availability.

Overall, the objectives of present work in automatic motion sensor light systems aim to address
the challenges and opportunities associated with advanced technologies,optimizing system performance,
and promoting sustainability and inclusive. By achieving these objectives, automatic sensor light systems
can contribute to creating more livable, efficient.

1.6 METHODOLOGY
The methodology of automatic motion sensor light involves a systematic approach to designing,
implementing, and operating parking systems that minimize human intervention and optimize efficiency.

Here's an outline of the typical methodology:

1. Needs Assessment:

The first step in developing an automatic light system is to assess the specific needs and
requirements of the target location or community. This includes analyzing factors such as available space,
user preferences, and regulatory considerations.
17
 2. Planning:

Conduct a detailed evaluation of the site where the automatic sensor light system will be
implemented. This involves assessing factors such as site layout, dimensions, topography, access points,
and existing infrastructure to determine the feasibility and optimal design of the sensor light system.

3. Technology Selection:

Identify and select the appropriate technologies to be used in the automatic light system based on
the site evaluation .

5. System Design and Engineering:

Develop a comprehensive design and engineering plan for the automatic sensor light system, taking
into account factors such as capacity, layout optimization, size and weight requirements, safety regulations,
and environmental considerations.

6. Installation and Integration:

Execute the installation of the automatic sensor light system according to the approved design and
engineering plan. This includes assembling and installing mechanical components, electrical systems,
software algorithms, and control interfaces, as well as integrating the light system with existing design.

7. Testing and Commissioning:

Conduct thorough testing and commissioning of the automatic sensor light system to ensure proper
functionality, reliability, and safety. This involves conducting simulated and real-world tests to verify the
performances.

8. .Operation and Monitoring:

The IR proximity sensor emits infrared radiation.When an object enters its range, reflected infrared is
detected by the sensor.Upon motion detection, the sensor output pin (linked to the BC557 PNP transistor) goes
LOW, activating the transistor.The CD4017 IC receives a clock pulse (from the emitter of the BC557),
changing the state of Pin-2.Pin-2 (connected to the base of the BC547 NPN transistor) switches on, allowing
current flow through the relay coil.The load (washroom light) connected to the relay activates.When motion is
detected again, the next clock pulse resets Pin-2, turning off the relay and light.

9. Compliance of any errors:

Certainly! In the motion sensor light project using the CD4017 IC and the E18-D80NK IR proximity
sensor, there are no specific complaints reported. However, it’s essential to ensure proper circuit
connections, component quality, and accurate adjustments for optimal performance. If you encounter any
issues during implementation, consider checking the following aspects:

18
 Sensor Range: Adjust the range of the E18-D80NK IR sensor to match your requirements. Incorrect
range settings may lead to false triggers or insufficient detection.

 Component Quality: Use reliable components, especially the relay, transistors, and capacitors. Poor-
quality components can cause malfunctioning or premature failure.

 Power Supply Stability: Ensure a stable 5V power supply for consistent sensor operation.
Fluctuations in voltage can affect sensor performance.

 Wiring and Connections: Double-check all connections, solder joints, and wiring. Loose connections
or incorrect wiring can lead to erratic behavior.

 Testing and Debugging: Test the circuit thoroughly on a breadboard before final implementation.
Debug any issues related to sensor response, relay activation, or light control.

Overall, troubleshooting and fine-tuning are essential for successful implementation.

19
A sample methodology circuit

20
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 ANALYSIS OF MOTION SENSOR LIGHT:

A literature survey is a process of analyzing, summarizing, organizing, and presenting novel conclusions
from the results of technical review of large number of recently published scholarly articles1. It is done to
know about the previous research work, ideas, theories, methods, and gaps in the existing research on a
specific topic23. A literature survey can contribute to the body of knowledge and help to formulate a
research problem.

Safety and Security: Explore literature addressing safety measures and security considerations in
automatic sensor light systems, including emergency protection against the current shock and even short
circuits.

Energy Efficiency: Review studies focusing on optimizing energy consumption in Motion sensor light
systems, including strategies for efficient operation of sensors, and other components.

The project aims to create a motion-activated light switch without using a micro-controller or
Arduino.It utilizes the CD4017 IC (a decade counter) and an IR proximity sensor (E18-D80NK).The IR
sensor detects motion, triggering the CD4017 to change its state.

Objectives:

 Reduce electricity wastage and extend light lifespan.

 Enhance safety for children and mentally challenged individuals.
 Improve safety against infectious diseases.

System Design and Architecture: Review papers discussing the architecture and design considerations of
automatic motion sensor light systems, including system integration, communication protocols, and
hardware design.

By conducting a comprehensive literature survey covering these aspects, one can

gain valuable insights into the state-of-the-art technologies, challenges, and future directions

in the field of automatic motion detection light systems.

21
2.2 OPERATIONAL PRINCIPLE OF AUTOMATIC MOTION SENSOR LIGHT SYSTEM :

Certainly! Let’s explore the operational principle of an automatic motion sensor light system using
the CD4017 IC and the E18-D80NK IR proximity sensor.

This project aims to create an automatic light switch based on motion detection.We’ll use the
CD4017 IC (a decade counter) and the E18-D80NK IR proximity sensor.The system will turn on the light
when someone enters a room and turn it off when they exit.

The IR emitter LED continuously emits infrared (IR) light.When an object (like a person) enters
the sensor’s range, some of the IR light reflects off the object’s surface.The IR receiver LED detects this
reflected IR light.The LM358 (an operational amplifier) compares the voltage across the IR receiver LED
with a predefined value.

If the voltage exceeds the threshold (indicating motion), the LM358 output becomes high.The
clock input (Pin 14) of the CD4017 IC is connected to the LM358 output.When motion is detected, the
CD4017 receives a clock pulse and changes its current state (advancing to the next output pin).The output
from Pin 2 of the CD4017 is connected to the base of an NPN transistor (BC547).When Pin 2 goes high,
the transistor turns on, allowing current to flow through a relay coil.The relay switches the load (the
connected light) on.When motion is detected again, the CD4017 receives another clock pulse, and Pin 2
goes low.The transistor turns off, and the relay switches the light off.

The motion sensor light using the CD4017 IC and the E18-D80NK IR proximity sensor operates based
on the following principles:

1. Passive Infrared (PIR) Sensor:

The PIR sensor detects motion by sensing changes in infrared radiation.It has a pyroelectric sensor that
detects levels of infrared radiation emitted by warm bodies (like humans).The PIR has two slots made of a
special material sensitive to infrared.When the sensor senses a differential change between the two slots, it
detects this as “movement.”The white plastic covering the PIR is a Fresnel lens, which enhances its
detection area.

2. Microwave Sensor:
22
 The microwave sensor emits continuous microwave radiation (similar to radar).It measures the
reflection off an object by detecting frequency shifts caused by motion.If a frequency shift occurs
(indicating movement), the motion detector activates.Microwave sensors cover larger areas than PIRs but
are more expensive and susceptible to electrical interference1.
Remember, these sensors enhance security and energy efficiency by activating lights when motion is
detected.

Microwave Motion Sensor

Figure: Working Principle Of Motion Sensor Light

Overall, automatic motion sensor light systems aim to maximize the efficient use while providing
convenience and ease of use for old age and disabled peoples.

23
 CHAPTER 3

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ENTIRE SYSTEM :

Figure: 3.1 Block diagram of Automatic motion sensor light system

In this CD4017 project, we have shown how to make a motion sensor light using the E18-D80NK IR
proximity sensor and CD4017 IC.We can use this motion-activated light circuit as an automatic washroom
light switch.
We have not used any microcontroller or Arduino for this 4017 IC project.When anyone enters the
washroom the IR proximity sensor senses the motion and turns on the washroom light.
After that, when he or she exits the washroom, the IR sensor again senses the motion and turns off the
light automatically.
Here, each time the IR proximity sensor detects any motion, it sends the clock pulse to CD4017 IC.
Then the 4017 IC changes the previous state of PIN 2.You can also control the light with manual switch.

24
3.2 HARDWARE COMPONENTS:

The basic Hardware components we used in this motion sensor light using CD- 4017 and E18,D-80
proximity sensor are as follows:

BASIC COMPONENTS:

 RESISTORS

 CAPACITORS

 INDUCTPR

 TRANSFORMER

 RESISTORS:

Resistor is defined as a passive electrical component with two terminals that are used for either limiting or
regulating the flow of electric current in electrical circuits.
The main purpose of resistor is to reduce the current flow and to lower the voltage in any particular
portion of the circuit. It is made of copper wires which are coiled around a ceramic rod and the outer part
of the resistor is coated with an insulating paint.
The SI unit of resistor is Ohm. Resistors may not display the value outside but their resistance can be
calculated through their colour pattern PTH (plated-through-hole) resistors use a colour-coding
system (which really adds some flair to circuits), and SMD (surface-mount-device)resistors have their own
value-marking system.

25
2. CAPACITOR:

A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy by accumulating electric charges on two closely spaced
surfaces that are insulated from each other. The capacitor was originally known as the condenser, a term
still encountered in a few compound names, such as the condenser microphone. It is a passive electronic
component with two terminals.

A. Storing electric potential energy such as batteries.

B. Filtering out unwanted frequency signals

C. Delaying voltage changes when coupled with resistors.

D. Used as a sensing device.

E. Used in the audio system of the vehicle.

F. Used to separate AC and DC.

3. INDUCTOR:

26
An inductor is defined as a passive component that is used in most electrical circuits

to store energy in the form of magnetic energy when electric current flows through it. It is

also known as the coil, choke, or reactor.

4. TRANSFORMER:

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A transformer is a device used in the power transmission of electric energy. The transmission current is AC.
It is commonly used to increase or decrease the supply voltage without a change in the frequency of AC
between circuits. The transformer works on the basic principles of electromagnetic induction and mutual
induction.

5. proximity Sensor:

 Pin1 (Red Color Wire): It is a VCC which means +5V voltage input.
 Pin2 (Green Color Wire): It is a GND pin or Ground terminal.
 Pin3 (Yellow Color Wire): It is a digital pin or signal output.

This is the proximity sensor with three terminals i.e. ground,vcc and output,the internal structure of the IR
proximity sensor is given below in the diagrammatic representation.An Infrared sensor is a module, used
for either detecting or emitting IR radiation of certain physical appearance of its surroundings, and also it
detects motion & decides the amount of heat generated through an object. There are many IR sensors
available in the market, from them, E18-D80NK is an adjustable IR sensor that requires a modulated
infrared signal to detect the objects.

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The E18-D80NK is an adjustable IR sensor switch with a set of transmitters & receivers within a single
module. The detection range of this infrared sensor is 3 to 80cm. The detection distance can be adjusted
based on the requirement. This sensor is small, economical, and simple to assemble & use. This IR sensor
is extensively used in robots for obstacle avoidance, interactive media, industrial assembly lines, etc.

6. LED’s:

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current flows
through it. When current passes through an LED, the electrons recombine with holes emitting light in the
process. LED's allow the current to flow in the forward direction and blocks the current in the reverse
direction.Light-emitting diodes are heavily doped p-n junctions. Based on the semiconductor material used
and the amount of doping, an LED will emit coloured light at a particular spectral wavelength when
forward biased. As shown in the figure, an LED is encapsulated with a transparent cover so that emitted
light can come out.

The colour of an LED is determined by the material used in the semiconducting element. The
two primary materials used in LED's are aluminium gallium indium phosphate alloys and indium gallium
nitrite alloys. Aluminium alloys are used to obtain red, orange and yellow light, and indium alloys are used

29
to get green, blue and white light. Slight changes in the composition of these alloys change the colour of
the emitted light.

7. Spit Relay:

The Single Pole Double Throw SPDT relay is quite useful in certain applications because of its internal
configuration. It has one common terminal and 2 contacts in 2 different configurations: one can
be Normally Closed and the other one is opened or it can be Normally Open and the other one closed.
So basically you can see the SPDT relay as a way of switching between 2 circuits: when there is
no voltage applied to the coil one circuit “receives” current, the other one doesn’t and when the coil gets
energized the opposite is happening.

In figure 1 no DC voltage is applied to the coil so the terminal T is connected to contact 1 therefore the
current can flow through fan 1 and it cannot flow through fan 2.
In figure 2 when DC voltage is applied to the coil and terminal T is now connected to contact 2 therefore
the current doesn’t flow anymore through fan 1 but now it flows through fan 2.

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8. JUMPER WIRES:

Generally, jumpers are tiny metal connectors used to close or open a circuit part. They have two or more
connection points, which regulate an electrical circuit board.
Their function is to configure the settings for computer peripherals, like the motherboard. Suppose your
motherboard supported intrusion detection. A jumper can be set to enable or disable it.Jumper wires are
electrical wires with connector pins at each end. They are used to connect two points in a circuit
without soldering.
You can use jumper wires to modify a circuit or diagnose problems in a circuit. Further,
they are best used to bypass a part of the circuit that does not contain a resistor and is suspected to be bad.
This includes a stretch of wire or a switch. Suppose all the fuses are good and the
component is not receiving power; find the circuit switch. Then, bypass the switch with the jumper
wire.How much current (I) and voltage (V) can jumper wires handle? The I and V rating will depend on
the copper or aluminium content present in the wire.

9. BREAD BOARD:

A breadboard, solder less breadboard, or protoboard is a construction base used to build semi-permanent
prototypes of electronic circuits. Unlike a strip-board, breadboards do not require soldering or destruction
of tracks and are hence reusable. For this reason, breadboards are also popular with students and in
technological education A variety of electronic systems may be prototype by using breadboards, from
small analog and digital circuits to complete central processing units (CPU's).Compared to more permanent
circuit connection methods, modern breadboards have high parasitic capacitance, relatively high resistance,
and less reliable connections, which are subject to jostle and physical degradation. Signaling is limited to
about 10 MHz, and not everything works properly even well below that frequency.

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10. Virtual connection:

32
11. PCB LAYOUTS:

GERBER FILE OF PCB

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 CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 BASIC OPERATING PROCEDURE OF MOTION SENSOR LIGHT:

How the Motion Sensor Circuit works

 The IR proximity sensor continuously emits infrared. When any object comes within the range, some
amount of infrared reflects from the object’s surface and that reflected infrared can be detected by the
IR proximity sensor.
 When any motion detects, the output pin (connected with the base of BC557 PNP transistor) of the IR
proximity sensor becomes LOW. So the BC557 PNP transistor turns ON.
 The clock pin (Pin-14) of CD4017 IC is connected with the Emitter of the BC557 transistor. So when
any motion is detected, the 4017 IC receives a clock pulse and changes the current state of Pin-2.
 The Pin-2 of CD4017 is connected with the base of the BC547 NPN transistor, So when the Pin-2
becomes high the transistor turns on.
 When the transistor turns on, the current can flow through the relay coil. So the load connected with
the relay also turns on.
 When the IR LED's detect any motion the second time, it sends the next clock pulse to CD4017 IC.
Then the Pin-2 becomes low.
 If the Pin-2 becomes low, the transistor turns off, and accordingly, the load connected with the relay
also turns off.

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RESULTS:

35
 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

5.1 CONCLUSION:

An automatic motion sensor light system using cd4017 and Ir proximity sensor offers numerous benefits,
including convenience, efficiency, and space optimization. By integrating sensors it reduces human error
and maximizing space utilization.

Additionally, it can be customized and scaled according to specific requirements, making it a versatile
solution for various light scenarios. Overall, it represents a practical application of technology to enhance
user experience.

5.2 FUTURE WORK:

Certainly! When it comes to motion sensor lights using the CD4017 IC and IR proximity sensor, there are
several potential future improvements and applications:

Energy Efficiency Enhancements:

Explore ways to optimize power consumption. For instance, you could use low-power components or
implement sleep modes to conserve energy when the light is not needed. Investigate alternative power
sources, such as solar panels or rechargeable batteries, to make the system more sustainable.

Customization and Sensitivity Adjustments:

Allow users to adjust the sensitivity of the motion sensor. Some people may prefer a more responsive
sensor, while others might want it to trigger only for larger movements.Implement adjustable time delays
for turning the light on and off after detecting motion. Users could set their preferred duration.

Multiple Zones and Coverage Expansion:

Extend the system to cover larger areas by adding additional IR proximity sensors. This could be
useful for hallways, staircases, or outdoor spaces. Create zones within a room, allowing different lights to
activate based on the location of detected motion.

Integration with Smart Home Systems:

Connect the motion sensor light to a home automation platform (e.g., Smart Things, Home Assistant) for
more advanced control. Enable voice commands (via Amazon Alex or Google Assistant) to turn the light
on or off.

Security Applications:

36
Use the same setup for security purposes. When motion is detected, trigger an alarm or send notifications
to the homeowner’s phone. Combine the motion sensor with a camera to capture images or video when
someone enters the area.

Ambient Lighting Effects:

Experiment with different light colors or intensity levels based on the time of day or user preferences.
Create dynamic lighting effects (e.g., gradual dimming or color changes) to enhance the ambiance.
Remember that these future works depend on your specific goals and the context in which you’re using the
motion sensor light. Feel free to explore and innovate based on your requirements!

37
 REFERENCES

1. Soyoung Hwang And Donghui Yu,International Journal Of Software Engineering And

Its Application Vol.6,No.3,July,2012

2. Richu Sam Alex ,International Journal Of Engineering And Advanced

Technology(IJEAT),Vol.3,Issue 4,April 2014

3. Raju.R Dr.K Uday Kumar,International Journal Of Advanced Research In

Electrical,Electronic Instrumentation Engineering Vol3,Special Issue 2,April 2014

4. B.K.Subramanayam,K Baskar Reddy,P Ajay Kumar Reddy ,International Journal Of

Engineering Research And Application (IJERA)ISSN:2248-9622 Www.Ijera.Com
Vol3,Issue 4 ,Jul-Aug 2014

38
Evaluation Rubrics for Project work:

39
 Title of the Project : WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM USING ESP-32
Name of the students: B NITHIN

B PRANEETH

C MANOJ KUMAR

K NITHIN KUMAR

Name of the Guide : P.C.BHARATH KUMAR , S.NARENDRA KUMAR

TABLE 1: OUTCOME ATTAINED AND ITS JUSTIFICATION

APP PO Justification

PO1 The knowledge hydraulic power pack was gained through this project work
END IX
PO2 Analyzed the problems of machines accuracy

PO3 Designed hydraulic power pack for vertical tuning machine.

HAR PO4 We used research-based data to provide valid conclusions

DW We implemented our work with well appropriate techniques, good resources modern
PO5 engi neering tools to uplift the project. Auto Cad is used to design system
ARE
This solution increases the accuracy of the parts produced and Productivity for sustaina
PO6
DES ble development of the society.
This solution increases the accuracy of the parts produced. Hence reduction in wastage
PO7
CRI of resources happens.
PO8 We followed the ethical principles.
PTI
We worked in this project function effectively as a member of the project team.
PO9
ON:
Oral and written communication skills are improved while planning, implementing an
PO10 d executing the entire project and till submission of the report.
We demonstrated our knowledge and understanding of cost and time analysis required
PO11
fo r carrying out the project.
Facilitated ourselves in Lifelong learning to improve technical knowledge and compete
PO12
nce in the chosen area of the project.

40
REFERENCE AND LINKS:

"C:\Useqd 5r2dcds34 34ccCvrs\ADMIN\Downloads\3.mp4" "C:\Users\ADMIN\Downloads\

2.mp4"

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