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Chapter 01

The document outlines the principles of Engineering Mechanics, focusing on Statics in SI Units. It covers fundamental concepts, units of measurement, Newton's laws of motion, and the general procedure for analysis. Key topics include the definitions of mechanics, the importance of dimensional homogeneity, and the use of significant figures in calculations.

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8 views20 pages

Chapter 01

The document outlines the principles of Engineering Mechanics, focusing on Statics in SI Units. It covers fundamental concepts, units of measurement, Newton's laws of motion, and the general procedure for analysis. Key topics include the definitions of mechanics, the importance of dimensional homogeneity, and the use of significant figures in calculations.

Uploaded by

naem87
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Engineering Mechanics:

Statics in SI Units, 12e

1 General Principles

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd


Chapter Outline

1. Mechanics (Definition)
2. Fundamental Concepts
3. Units of Measurement
4. The International System of Units
5. Numerical Calculations
6. General Procedure for Analysis

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd


1.1 Mechanics

• Mechanics can be divided into 3 branches:


- Rigid-body Mechanics
- Deformable-body Mechanics
- Fluid Mechanics

• Rigid-body Mechanics deals with


- Statics (Stationary or moving at constant velocity)
- Dynamics ( Not stationary)

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd


1.1 Mechanics

• Statics
➢ At rest or stationary
➢ Move with constant velocity (zero acceleration)

• Dynamics – Deal with accelerated motion of bodies


where acceleration is not zero

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd


1.2 Fundamentals Concepts

Basic Quantities (some quantity used in statics)


1. Length
- use to locate the position of a point in space
2. Mass
- to measure of a quantity of matter
3. Time
- which is a succession of events
4. Force
- is a “push” or “pull” exerted by one body on another

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd


1.2 Fundamentals Concepts

Idealizations (made to simplify understanding)


1. Particles
- has a mass but size can be neglected

2. Rigid Body
- a combination of a large number of particles

3. Concentrated Force
- is the effect of a loading on
the body

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd


1.2 Fundamentals Concepts

Newton’s Three Laws of Motion


• First Law
“A particle originally at rest, or moving in a straight line
with constant velocity, will remain in this state
provided that the particle is not subjected to an
unbalanced force” (resultant force = 0)

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd


1.2 Fundamentals Concepts

Newton’s Three Laws of Motion


• Second Law
“A particle acted upon by an unbalanced force F
experiences an acceleration a that has the same
direction as the force and a magnitude that is directly
proportional to the force”

F = ma

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd


1.2 Fundamentals Concepts

Newton’s Three Laws of Motion


• Third Law
“The mutual forces of action and reaction between two
particles are equal and, opposite and collinear”

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd


1.3 Units of Measurement

SI Units
• Stands for Système International d’Unités
• F = ma is maintained only if
– 3 of the units (length, mass and time), called base
units, are defined
– 4th unit is derived from the equation
• SI system specifies length in meters (m), time in
seconds (s) and mass in kilograms (kg)
• Force unit, Newton (N), is derived from F = ma

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd


1.3 Units of Measurement

Name Length Time Mass Force

International Meter (m) Second (s) Kilogram (kg) Newton (N)


Systems of Units
(SI)
 kg.m 
 2 
 s 

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd


1.3 Units of Measurement

• At the standard location,


g = 9.806 65 m/s2
• For calculations, we use
g = 9.81 m/s2 (for this course)
• Thus,
W = mg (g = 9.81m/s2)
• Hence, a body of mass 1 kg has a weight of 9.81 N, a
2 kg body weighs 19.62 N

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd


1.4 The International System of Units

Prefixes
• For a very large or small numerical quantity, SI units
can be modified by using a prefix

• Each represent a multiple or sub-multiple of a unit


Eg: 4,000,000 N = 4000 kN (kilo-newton)
= 4 MN (mega-newton)
0.005m = 5 mm (milli-meter)

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd


1.4 The International System of Units

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd


1.5 Numerical Calculations

Dimensional Homogeneity
• Each term must be expressed in the same units
• Regardless of how the equation is evaluated, it
maintains its dimensional homogeneity
• All terms can be replaced by a consistent set of units

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd


1.5 Numerical Calculations

Significant Figures
• Accuracy of a number is specified by the number of
significant figures it contains
• A significant figure is any digit including zero
e.g. 5604 and 34.52 have four significant numbers
• When numbers begin or end with zero, we make use
of prefixes to clarify the number of significant figures
e.g. 400 as one significant figure would be 0.4(103)

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd


1.5 Numerical Calculations

Rounding Off Numbers


• Accuracy obtained would never be better than the
accuracy of the problem data
• Calculators or computers involve more figures in the
answer than the number of significant figures in the
data
• Calculated results should always be “rounded off” to
an appropriate number of significant figures

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd


1.5 Numerical Calculations

Calculations
• Retain a greater number of digits for accuracy in
intermediate calculation
• Round off final answers to (three significant) figures

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd


1.6 General Procedure for Analysis

• To solve problems, it is important to present work in a


logical and orderly way as suggested:
1. Correlate actual physical situation with theory
2. Draw any diagrams and tabulate the problem data
3. Apply principles in mathematics forms
4. Solve equations which are
dimensionally homogenous
5. Report the answer with
significance figures
6. Use your judgment
and common sense
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
Exercises
1. Round off the following numbers to three significant figures: (a)
4.65735 m, (b) 55.578 s, (c) 4555 N, and (d) 2768 kg.
2. Represent each of the following combinations of units in the
correct SI form using an appropriate prefix: (a) kN/µs (b)
Mg/mN, and (c) MN/(kg . ms).
3. A concrete column has diameter d and length L. If the density
(mass/volume) of concrete is, determine the weight of the
column in .
4. Represent each of the following combinations of units in the
correct SI form: (a) Mg/ms, (b) N/mm , and (c) mN/ kg µs).

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd

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