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English Grammar Part 1

The document explains the structure and types of sentences in English, emphasizing the importance of word order, punctuation, and the distinction between subjects and predicates. It categorizes sentences into four types: declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory, each serving different purposes. Additionally, it provides exercises for identifying subjects and predicates within sentences.

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45 views5 pages

English Grammar Part 1

The document explains the structure and types of sentences in English, emphasizing the importance of word order, punctuation, and the distinction between subjects and predicates. It categorizes sentences into four types: declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory, each serving different purposes. Additionally, it provides exercises for identifying subjects and predicates within sentences.

Uploaded by

kiruthiba
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The Sentence

1. Types of Sentences
2. Jumbled Words
3. Asking Questions

Sentences
A sentence is a group of words arranged in such an order that it makes complete sense.
Example: “boy good Ravi is a” This group of words doesn't make any sense.
Now read the following group of words: Ravi is a good boy.
In this case we haven't changed any of the words. We have only changed the order of the
words. Now this group of words makes a complete sense.
A sentence always begins with a capital letter. It must end with a stop (.) or a question
mark(?) or a mark of exclamation (!).

EXERCISE 1

Put a tick mark (v") against those groups of words that make a complete sentence:
1. Boys are playing football.
2. Delicious pudding
3. It is very cold today.
4. Where is your father?
5. an old mango tree
6. study in class III
7. She is reading a book.
8. Have you been to America?
9. My mother is
10. sings a song

Types of Sentences in English


In English grammar, sentences are classified based on their purpose. There are four main
types of sentences:

1. Declarative Sentences (Statements)


🟦 Purpose: To give information or make a statement
🟦 Punctuation: Ends with a full stop (.)
✅ Examples:
 The sun rises in the east.
 I am learning English.
 She loves ice cream.

2. Interrogative Sentences (Questions)


🟨 Purpose: To ask a question
🟨 Punctuation: Ends with a question mark (?)
✅ Examples:
 What is your name?
 Are you coming to the party?
 Where do you live?
Interrogative sentences usually start with question words (what, why, when, how, who,
where) or helping verbs (is, are, do, can, etc.).

3. Imperative Sentences (Commands or Requests)


🟩 Purpose: To give a command, make a request, or give instructions
🟩 Punctuation: Usually ends with a full stop (.), but can end with an exclamation mark (!)
for strong commands
✅ Examples:
 Please sit down. (request)
 Open the door. (command)
 Don’t talk in class! (strong command)
The subject is often you, but it is not written. It is understood.

4. Exclamatory Sentences (Strong Feelings)


🟥 Purpose: To show strong emotions like surprise, happiness, anger, excitement, etc.
🟥 Punctuation: Ends with an exclamation mark (!)
✅ Examples:
 What a beautiful day!
 I can’t believe it!
 Oh no, I forgot my homework!
These sentences add emotion and are often used in speaking or expressive writing.
Subject and Predicate – A Complete Note
Every complete sentence in English has two essential parts:
1. Subject
2. Predicate

1. Subject
The subject of a sentence is the person, place, thing, or idea that is doing or being
something. It tells us who or what the sentence is about.
🔹 Examples:
 The dog barked loudly.
→ “The dog” is the subject. It tells us who barked.
 Ravi is reading a book.
→ “Ravi” is the subject.
 The tall buildings shook during the earthquake.
→ “The tall buildings” is the subject.
✅ The subject can be:
 A noun (e.g., Ram, city)
 A pronoun (e.g., he, they)
 A noun phrase (e.g., My best friend)
 Even an infinitive or gerund phrase (e.g., To dance is fun, Swimming is healthy)

📝 2. Predicate
The predicate is the part of the sentence that tells us what the subject does or what
happens to the subject. It always contains a verb.
🔹 Examples:
 The dog barked loudly.
→ “barked loudly” is the predicate. It tells what the dog did.
 Ravi is reading a book.
→ “is reading a book” is the predicate.
 The tall buildings shook during the earthquake.
→ “shook during the earthquake” is the predicate.
✅ The predicate includes:
 The main verb and any helping verbs
 Objects, modifiers, or phrases that complete the meaning

🔍 Types of Subjects and Predicates


Type Description Example
Simple Subject The main word in the subject Dogs bark.
Complete Subject The main word + modifiers The big black dogs bark.
Two or more subjects joined by "and", Ravi and Sita went to
Compound Subject
"or" school.
Type Description Example
Simple Predicate Only the verb or verb phrase Dogs bark.
The verb + all words related to the
Complete Predicate Dogs bark at strangers.
action
Compound Predicate Two or more actions by the subject Ravi ran and fell.

🎯 How to Identify Subject and Predicate


1. Find the verb first – this will lead you to the predicate.
2. Ask ‘Who’ or ‘What’ is doing the action? – the answer is the subject.
Example:
 Sentence: The little girl with a red hat sang beautifully.
o Verb = sang
o Subject = The little girl with a red hat
o Predicate = sang beautifully

✨ Special Cases
 Imperative Sentences (commands):
o Sit down. → Subject is understood as you
o Predicate = Sit down
 Questions:
o Is she coming today?
 Subject = she
 Predicate = is coming today

Part A: Identify the Subject and Predicate


Instructions: Underline the subject and circle the predicate.
1. The sun rises in the east.
2. My friends and I went shopping.
3. The puppy wagged its tail.
4. She is cooking dinner.
5. Rani and Ravi are going to school.
Part B: Match the Subjects with the Correct Predicates
Subjects
1. The teacher
2. My dog
3. Children
4. Birds
5. I
Predicates
A. are flying in the sky.
B. bark at strangers.
C. am reading a book.
D. teaches us English.
E. are playing in the park.

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