Cross Browser Testing using Selenium and TestNG

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

Sumit Kumar(23BCS10492)
Saurav Kumar (23BCS10584)

in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of

Bachelors of Engineering
IN

Computer Science Engineering

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 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

I hereby certify that the project report titled “Cross Browser Testing using Sele-
nium and TestNG” is the genuine work of “Sumit Kumar” and “Saurav Ku-
mar,” who conducted the project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Dr. Jaspreet Singh Batth Prof. Sohan Goswami(E16584)

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISIOR

Computer Science and Computer Science and

Engineering Engineering

Submitted for the project viva-voce examination

held on

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL

EXAMINER

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I extend my sincere gratitude to all who contributed to the successful completion of this
project on Cross Browser Testing utilizing Selenium and TestNG.

Primarily, I want to acknowledge my mentor/supervisor for their invaluable guidance, con-

structive feedback, and unwavering support throughout the project. Their expertise and in-
sights were pivotal in shaping the research and implementation.

Secondly, I express my gratitude to my peers and colleagues for their encouragement, in-
sightful discussions, and collaborative efforts. Their suggestions and feedback refined the
approach and enhanced the outcomes.

Furthermore, I am indebted to the authors and researchers whose works provided essential
theoretical knowledge and references for this study. Their contributions in the field of cross-
browser testing, Selenium, and TestNG served as the foundation of this research.

Lastly, I want to convey my deepest gratitude to my family and friends for their unwavering
support and motivation throughout the project. Their encouragement sustained my focus and
determination to attain the objectives of this study.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Figures...................................................................................................................................6
List of Tables.....................................................................................................................................7
Abstract…........................................................................................................................................ 8

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................9

1. Identification of Client & Need 9

2. Relevant Contemporary Issues 9

3. Problem Identification 9

4. Task Identification 10

5. Timeline 10

6. Organization of the Report 10

CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE SURVEY........................................................................12

1. Timeline of Reported Problem 12

2. Bibliometric Analysis 12

3. Proposed Solutions by Different Researchers 13

4. Summary Linking Literature Review with the Project 13

5. Problem Definition… 13

6. Goals and Objectives 14

CHAPTER 3. DESIGN FLOW/PROCESS....................................................................15

1. Concept Generation 15

2. Evaluation & Selection of Specifications/Features 15

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 3. Design Constraints 15

4. Analysis and Feature finalization subject to constraints 16

5. Design Flow 16
6. Best Design selection 17

7. Implementation plan 17

CHAPTER 4. RESULT ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION..........................................................19

1. Implementation of design using Modern Engineering tools in analysis 19

2. Design Drawings/Schematics/Solid Models 19

3. Report Preparation 19

4. Project Management and Communication… 20

5. Testing/Characterization/Interpretation/Data Validation 20

CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK...............................................................22

1. Conclusion… 22

2. Future Work 22

3. Deviation From Expected Results 22

REFERENCES….............................................................................................................................24

APPENDIX.......................................................................................................................................25

Appendix-1User Manual................................................................................................................... 25

Appendix-2 Screenshots....................................................................................................................27

LIST OF FIGURES

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Figure No. Title Page No.

1.1 Gantt Chart 10

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page No.

1. Analysis and Feature Finalization Subject to Constraints 16

2. Comparison Table for Best Design Selection 17

3. Test Cases 20

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 ABSTRACT

Cross-browser testing is a fundamental aspect of web development that ensures the proper
functioning of websites and web applications across diverse browsers and platforms. This
project focuses on the implementation of cross-browser testing using Selenium and TestNG,
two widely adopted automation testing tools. The primary objective is to identify inconsisten-
cies in rendering, performance, and functionality across various web browsers, including
Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Microsoft Edge.

The study commences by establishing a testing environment and developing automated test
scripts. These scripts are subsequently executed across multiple browsers, and the resulting
outcomes are analyzed to pinpoint discrepancies. Furthermore, the project addresses contem-
porary challenges such as browser fragmentation, frequent browser updates, device compati-
bility, and performance optimization. Automation significantly reduces testing time, enhances
accuracy, and guarantees a seamless user experience across various platforms.

The findings of this project will be beneficial to software development teams, web applica-
tion providers, and quality assurance professionals. By presenting a structured approach to
automated cross-browser testing, the results underscore the significance of a comprehensive
testing strategy in achieving a robust, user-friendly, and dependable web application.

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 CHAPTER 1.

INTRODUCTION

1. Identification of Client & Need

In today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape, businesses need their web applications to
work seamlessly across various web browsers and devices. Ensuring compatibility across
different platforms improves the user experience and prevents potential revenue loss due
to accessibility issues. Cross-browser testing helps identify inconsistencies in the applica-
tion’s behavior across browsers like Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Microsoft
Edge. The client for this project could be any software development company, e-com-
merce platform, or web application provider that aims to deliver a robust, user-friendly,
and accessible website to its customers [1].

2. Relevant Contemporary Issues

Cross-browser testing presents several significant challenges:

• Browser Fragmentation: Different browsers interpret HTML, CSS, and JavaScript differently,
resulting in inconsistent rendering and functionality.

• Frequent Browser Updates: Browsers undergo regular updates that can affect the
behavior of web applications.

• Device Compatibility: Websites must function correctly on various screen sizes and
resolutions.

• Performance Optimization: Certain features may perform efficiently on one

browser but lag in another, impacting the user experience.

• Automation vs. Manual Testing: Manual testing is time-consuming and prone to

human errors, while automation requires initial setup but enhances accuracy and effi-
ciency [2].

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3. Problem Identification

Web applications often exhibit inconsistencies when accessed through various browsers.
Some common issues include:
• Varying CSS interpretations lead to broken layouts.
• JavaScript functions behaving differently across browsers.
• Inconsistent form validation and input handling.
• Slow performance on certain browsers.
• Security vulnerabilities arising from browser-specific implementations.

Automated cross-browser testing using Selenium and TestNG offers an efficient and
scalable solution to overcome these challenges.

4. Task Identification

The key tasks involved in the project are:

1. Understanding Selenium and TestNG: Researching their capabilities and how they
facilitate cross-browser testing.
2. Setting Up the Test Environment: Installing required tools, including Selenium
WebDriver, TestNG, and configuring different browsers.
3. Developing Test Scripts: Writing automation scripts for different browsers to verify
UI elements, navigation, and functionality.
4. Executing and Analyzing Results: Running tests on various browsers, logging is-
sues, and analyzing inconsistencies.
5. Optimizing and Reporting: Improving test scripts and generating detailed test re-
ports for better understanding.

5. Timeline

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 Fig-1.1 Gantt Chart

6. Organization of the Report

The report is structured as follows:

· Chapter 1: Introduction – Covers the need for cross-browser testing, challenges,

problem identification, and project tasks.
· Chapter 2: Literature Review – Provides background on Selenium, TestNG, and
related testing frameworks.
· Chapter 3: Methodology – Explains the setup, tools used, and implementation of test
cases.
· Chapter 4: Results and Analysis – Discusses test execution, analysis of discrepan-
cies, and optimization strategies.
· Chapter 5: Conclusion and Future Scope – Summarizes findings and suggests
improvements for future testing.

This structured approach ensures clarity and comprehensiveness in understanding the

project and its objectives.

CHAPTER 2.
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 LITERATURE SURVEY

1. Timeline of the Reported Problem

Cross-browser compatibility issues have been a persistent challenge since the early days of
web development. The evolution of browsers and their rendering engines has resulted in sub-
stantial differences in how web applications function across various platforms [3]. The fol-
lowing timeline illustrates key developments:

• 1990s: The early web was dominated by Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer,
each with proprietary features, leading to significant compatibility problems.
• 2000s: The rise of Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome prompted the development of
web standards by the W3C. However, inconsistencies in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
rendering persisted.
• 2010s: The emergence of Selenium and other automated testing frameworks ad-
dressed cross-browser issues, facilitating large-scale testing automation.
• 2020s: With rapid browser updates and the increasing demand for mobile-friendly ap-
plications, automation testing tools like Selenium and TestNG became indispensable
in Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) pipelines.

2. Bibliometric Analysis

Bibliometric analysis is conducted by reviewing academic and industry research on

cross- browser testing [3]. The major sources of references include:

• Research papers on automated testing frameworks published in IEEE, ACM, and

Springer.
• Technical reports and white papers by Selenium and TestNG contributors.
• Industry case studies on cross-browser testing implementation.
• Books and online resources focusing on web testing and software quality assurance.

Key insights from bibliometric analysis indicate:

· Increasing interest in test automation for cross-browser compatibility.

· The role of AI and machine learning in optimizing browser testing.

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 · Challenges associated with maintaining test scripts across frequent browser up-
dates.

3. Proposed Solutions by Different Researchers

Several researchers and industry professionals have proposed solutions to address cross-
browser testing challenges [4]:

· Selenium-based Automation: Most studies suggest Selenium as the de facto stan-

dard for cross-browser testing due to its open-source nature and browser support.
· TestNG for Structured Testing: Researchers recommend using TestNG to enhance
Selenium’s test execution, making it more efficient and scalable.
· Cloud-based Cross Browser Testing: Platforms like BrowserStack, Sauce Labs,
and LambdaTest have been proposed as solutions for testing applications across
multiple browsers and devices without infrastructure overhead.
· AI-driven Test Maintenance: Recent studies highlight the use of AI-powered self-
healing test automation, which dynamically adjusts test scripts when web elements
change.

4. Summary Linking Literature Review with the Project

Based on the literature survey, it is evident that cross-browser testing is essential for ensur-
ing web application consistency across different browsers and platforms. The primary is-
sues faced include:

· Rendering differences in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

· Frequent browser updates requiring test script modifications.
· The need for automated testing to improve efficiency.

This project aligns with the literature by implementing Selenium and TestNG for auto-
mated cross-browser testing, addressing the challenges identified in research studies. Addi-
tionally, incorporating best practices from the literature ensures efficient test script execution
and maintainability.

5. Problem Definition

Cross-browser compatibility challenges result in inconsistent user experiences, compro-

mised functionalities, and performance variations across diverse web browsers. Tradi-
tional manual testing methods prove ineffective in addressing these challenges at scale. Con-

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sequently, an automated cross-browser testing solution employing Selenium and TestNG
is imperative to guarantee application reliability.

6. Goals and Objectives

The primary objectives of this project are to develop an automated testing framework for cross-
browser compatibility using Selenium and TestNG. This framework will enable the execution of
test cases on multiple browsers, including Chrome, Firefox, and Edge, to identify inconsistencies.
Additionally, the project aims to enhance test execution efficiency by leveraging TestNG’s parallel
execution features.

Furthermore, the project will generate detailed test reports to analyze test results and optimize
scripts accordingly. By ensuring compatibility and performance stability across major web
browsers, the project seeks to enhance the quality, reliability, and user experience of web applica-
tions.

CHAPTER 3.
DESIGN FLOW/PROCESS

1. Concept Generation

The core idea revolves around automating browser testing using Selenium WebDriver
and TestNG. This system will automatically launch web applications in various browsers
and validate their functionality based on predefined test cases [5].

Key Concepts:

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 · Use Selenium WebDriver for browser automation.

· Use TestNG for test execution and report generation.

· Enable cross-browser testing by configuring drivers for Chrome, Firefox, and Edge.

2. Evaluation & Selection of Specifications/Features

Features Considered:

· Multi-browser execution.
· TestNG integration for parallel execution.
· Parameterization of browser type.
· Generation of HTML reports.

Final Specifications:

· Support for 3 browsers: Chrome, Firefox, Edge.

· Parallel testing using TestNG XML configuration.

· Report generation using TestNG listeners.

3. Design Constraints

1. Regulations: Must comply with software licensing terms of Selenium and

browser drivers.
2. Economic: Solution uses open-source tools to reduce cost.
3. Environmental: Encourages resource optimization by running parallel tests.
4. Health: Reduces manual testing workload, limiting screen exposure for testers.
5. Manufacturability: Easily reproducible across systems with standard installations.

6. Safety: Ensures web application safety by checking form validation and user
interactions.
7. Professional & Ethical: Maintains test integrity, privacy, and security.

8. Social & Political: Supports accessible websites for diverse users across regions
and browsers.

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4. Analysis and Feature Finalization Subject to Constraints

Table-1: Analysis and Feature Finalization Subject to Constraints

Feature Constraint Resolution

Multi-browser testing B Use correct WebDriver
r versions
o
w
s
e
r

d
r
i
v
e
r

c
o
m
p
a
t
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
Parallel execution S Limit test threads based
y on CPU/RAM
s
t
e
m

r
e
s
o
u

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 r
c
e
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
Report generation TestNG XML config Use standard templates
complexity and examples

5. Design Flow

Design 1: Local Execution Setup

· Install WebDrivers locally.

· Configure browsers individually.

· Execute tests locally with parallel settings.

Design 2: Cloud-Based Execution

· Use platforms like BrowserStack or LambdaTest.

· No local driver setup needed.

· Run tests on remote infrastructure with pre-installed browsers.

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6. Best Design Selection

Table-2: Comparison Table for Best Design Selection

Criteria Local Execution Cloud-Based Execution

Setup Complexity Medium Low
Cost Free Paid

Scalability Limited by hardware High scalability

Browser Coverage Depends on local setup Extensive

Selected Design:

· Design 1: Local Execution Setup is chosen due to zero cost, ease of control,
and accessibility for demonstration and academic purposes.

7. Implementation Plan

Flowchart:

1. Start:
2. Initialize TestN
3. Load XML configuration
4. Read browser parameter (Chrome, Firefox, Edge)
5. Launch corresponding WebDriver
6. Execute test cases:
7. Generate TestNG Report
8. Close browser
9. End:

Pseudocode/Algorithm:

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This structure offers a clear roadmap for the cross-browser testing project, encompassing
both design and implementation aspects, utilizing Selenium and TestNG.

CHAPTER 4.
RESULTS ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION

1. Implementation of Design using Modern Engineering Tools

The cross-browser testing framework was successfully implemented using the following
modern engineering tools [6]:

· Selenium WebDriver: For automating browser interactions.

· TestNG: To manage test execution, parallelization, and reporting.
· Eclipse IDE: As the development environment for writing and debugging Java code.
· Maven: For dependency management and build automation.

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 · Browsers Used: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Microsoft Edge with respective
WebDrivers.
These tools facilitated efficient implementation of the test automation suite with modular de-
sign and easy configurability.

2. Design Drawings/Schematics/Solid Models

While this software project does not involve solid models, a schematic of the framework
includes [7]:

• Input: TestNG XML file with browser parameters

• Core Components: WebDriver initialization, test case methods, report generation
• Output: Test execution logs and TestNG HTML report

Block Diagram Representation:

[Browser [Result [Report

[TestNG XML] [Test Execution]
Initialization] Validation] Generation]

3. Report Preparation

Reports generated through TestNG include:

· Execution summary
· Passed, failed, and skipped test cases

· Time taken per test

· HTML-based interactive test report

These reports are crucial for analysing cross-browser behaviour and identifying inconsistent function-
alities.

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4. Project Management and Communication

To ensure smooth execution of the project:

· Gantt chart-based timeline was followed (as shown in Chapter 1).

· Version control (Git) was used to track changes in code.

· Communication tools like email and group chats were used for discussions and task
updates.
· Documentation was maintained for code, configuration, and findings.

5. Testing, Characterization, Interpretation, and Data Validation

Testing Strategy:

· Manual test cases were converted to automated scripts.

· Scripts were executed on different browsers to verify consistent application behaviour.
· Parallel execution tested using TestNG to validate concurrency handling.

Table-3: Test Cases

Test Case ID Description Browser Status

TC_01 Load Home Page Chrome Pass
TC_02 Validate Title Firefox Pass
TC_03 Click Navigation Edge Pass
Links
TC_04 Form Submission Chrome, Firefox, Pass
Edge

Data Interpretation:

· Execution time varied slightly across browsers.

· Page rendering and element interaction remained consistent.
· No major failures detected, validating application compatibility.

Validation:
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 · Tests were repeated multiple times to ensure reliability.
· Edge cases and invalid inputs were tested.
· Outcomes matched expected results across all browsers.

This thorough testing and validation process confirms the accuracy and robustness of the pro-
posed cross-browser testing framework using Selenium and TestNG.

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 CHAPTER 5.
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
1. Conclusio
n
This project successfully implemented a cross-browser testing framework using Selenium
WebDriver and TestNG. This framework enables automated execution of test cases across
major web browsers, including Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Microsoft Edge. This
ensures application consistency and performance. The integration of TestNG provides struc-
tured test case execution and detailed reporting, while parallel execution capabilities signifi-
cantly reduce test time [8].

Through this project, the following objectives were achieved:

· Automated execution of functional test cases across multiple browsers.

· Verification of consistent behaviour in rendering and user interaction.
· Generation of test reports with detailed results and logs.

This cross-browser testing solution enhances web application reliability and ensures a seam-
less user experience across various platforms.

2. Future Work

While the current implementation addresses major aspects of cross-browser testing, future enhance-
ments could include [8]:

· Integration with CI/CD tools (e.g., Jenkins, GitHub Actions) for automated test-
ing during deployment.
· Cloud-based testing support using platforms like BrowserStack or Sauce Labs
to test on various operating systems and mobile browsers.
· Test coverage expansion by including performance and accessibility testing.
· AI-driven test maintenance for dynamic handling of web element changes.

· Dashboard integration for visual tracking of test outcomes and trends over time.

These improvements would make the framework more robust, scalable, and adaptable to real-
world enterprise requirements.

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3. Deviation from Expected Results

During testing, some minor deviations were observed:

· Driver compatibility issues occurred with newer browser versions; resolved
by updating the WebDriver binaries.
· Test case execution time varied across browsers due to rendering engine differences.
· UI layout inconsistencies were identified in Firefox, which were not present
in Chrome or Edge.

These deviations, though minor, highlighted the importance of thorough cross-browser test-
ing. Adjustments were made to test cases and element locators to improve stability and cov-
erage [8].

Overall, the deviations were manageable and did not hinder the overall success of the project.

REFERENCES

1. J. Ferguson Smart, The Art of Unit Testing: With Examples in Java. Greenwich, CT,
USA: Manning Publications, 2014.
2. S. Rajasekaran and G. A. Vijayalakshmi Pai, Software Testing: Principles and
Practices. Pearson Education India, 2017.
3. SeleniumHQ, “Selenium WebDriver,” [Online]. Available:
https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/ [Accessed: Apr. 10, 2025].
4. Cédric Beust, “TestNG: Testing Framework Inspired from JUnit and NUnit,” [On-
line]. Available: https://testng.org/doc/ [Accessed: Apr. 10, 2025].

5. BrowserStack, “Cross Browser Testing Cloud,” [Online]. Available:

https://www.browserstack.com/ [Accessed: Apr. 10, 2025].
6. S. Anand and A. Memon, “An automated framework for test case generation and
prioritization using Selenium WebDriver,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Software
Testing,Verification and Validation Workshops (ICSTW), Montreal, QC, Canada, Apr.
2012, pp. 63– 66.
7. A. Kaur and R. Singh, “Automated Software Testing Using Selenium
WebDriver,”Int. J. Computer Applications, vol. 123, no. 7, pp. 39–42, Aug. 2015.
8. M. M. Lehman, “Laws of Software Evolution Revisited,” Proc. Eur. Workshop

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 Software Process Technology, 1996, pp. 108–124.

APPENDIX

Appendix-1 User Manual

Step-by-Step Instructions to Run the Cross-Browser Testing Project

1. Prerequisites

· Java JDK (version 8 or above)

· Eclipse IDE
· Selenium WebDriver libraries
· TestNG plugin

· WebDrivers:
o ChromeDriver
o GeckoDriver (Firefox)
o EdgeDriver

2. Project Setup

1. Create Maven Project in Eclipse.

2. Add dependencies to pom.xml:

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 3. Install TestNG plugin in Eclipse if not already installed.
3. Write Test Cases

· Create a new Java class Main.java.

· Use annotations like @Test, @BeforeMethod, @Parameters, and @AfterMethod

to define your test cases.

4. Setup TestNG XML for Cross-Browser Execution

Create a testng.xml file:

5. Add WebDriver Executables

· Download WebDriver executables (ChromeDriver, GeckoDriver, EdgeDriver).

· Set their path in the system or directly in code like:

6. Run the Test

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 · Right-click testng.xml and select Run As > TestNG Suite.
· View results in TestNG Reports tab or in the generated HTML report under the
test- output folder.

Appendix- 2 Screenshots (Example)

· Eclipse project structure

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 · TestNG XML configuration

X
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· Browser window running tests

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· HTML report screenshot

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