SEMINAR ON AV AIDS -

CHALKBOARD

Presentor : Moderator :

Muthuselvi .s Ms.Rimple sharma,

Msc (N) 1 year. Lecturer, CON,AIIMS.

Educational technology is a vast subject concerned with the application of scientific knowledge about
learning and conditions of learning in order to improve the effectiveness of teaching , learning and
evaluation, whereas audio-visual aids are merely the aids or resources, i.e, materials which are employed
to improve the qualijy of the message. Audio –visual aids are part of the subject of educational
technology.

AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS:

Definition :

“audio –visual aids are any device which can be used to make the learning experience more concrete,
more realistic and more dynamic”.(Kinder)

“audio-visual aids are supplementary devices by which the teacher,through the utilization of more than
one sensory channels is able to clarify,establish and correlate concepts, interpretation and appreciations”.
(Mckown and Roberts)

PRINCIPLES IN THE USE OF AV AIDS:

1. Principle of selection
2. Audio visual aids are means to an end, not the end in themselves
3. Principle of proper presentstion
4. Principle of physical control
5. Principle of response
6. Principle of evaluation

CHARACTERISTIC OF GOOD AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS:

1. The aid must be adapted to the intellectual maturity of the pupils and their previous experience.
2. Should be meaningful and purposrful.
3. They should be improvised, ie,locally available materials should be used.
4. Simple
5. Cost effective as well as cheap.
6. Large enough to be properly seen by the whole students in the class.
7. They should be up to date. They should be easily portable.

8. They should supplement the instruction properly and motivate the learners.
 CHALKBOARD OR BLACKBOARD

It is a non projected ,visual and a simple aid.

Definition :

A blackboard (also known as a chalkboard) is a reusable writing surface on which text or drawings are
made with sticks of calcium carbonate,known, when used for this purpose ,as chalk. Blackboards were
originally made of smooth, thin sheets of black or dark grey slate stone.

Uses of chalk board for better teaching:

Using blackboard or interactive is a must for teaching in schools and colleges. Though the technology
has gone up with high visual interactive boards taking the place of chalkboards, the teaching with
chalkboard is still irreplaceable.

The chalkboard has many advantages both for the teacher and also the
students. Using the board makes the subject more narrative, easy to teach for the tutor and also let the
student understand better.

ADVANTAGES OF CHALK BOARD :

1 .Ease of presentation: a teacher can easily deliver the subject by writing on chalkboard. Students do
not like oral presentation without some writing done.

2. Gain attention and interest of students in subject; students and audiences do not like long speech
lectures.they may remain interested for first 10 min. or so and their minds stay away from class. This can
be avoided by using chalk board writing. As both combination of hearing and seeing will keep their
attention and interest in class intact for a longer time.

3. writing on black boards helps students take note of class. This class notes helps them to study the topic
easily at home or during exams.

4 Ease of understanding: it is easier for pupil to understand the topic on black board as they see the
method or procedure for some procedure or theory.

5. Increased memory for particular topic or diagram: for student seeing a topic on board is more
memorable than just hearing it. It is true that memory of sight is better than memory gained by hearing or
speech. It is true that we remember people better by faces and not by their names.
6.Ease of making notes: many students will like to have a running notes of the class room teaching. This
is because of ease of learning a students gets when he reopens the pages written during class room
teaching. Writing on black board gives ample time for the students to make his/her notes.

7.Stay attentive in class: students listening to a teaching mixed with oral and written presentation stay
more attentive than mere speech mode of demonstration.

8.Better vision: to the students sitting at the back 9benches/chairs), writing on board helps them to see
better if the teachers voice is not audible in some words or sentence.

ADVANTAGES OF USING CHALKBOARD OVER EXPENSIVE INTERACTIVE BOARDS:

1. Inexpensive teaching aid: The board and chalk used to write is cheaper than interactive boards or
white boards.
2. Easily adoptable to everyone: chalk board look has aversion and so is acceptable for every one to
see it.
3. Can be used in open air or room teachings. This is because of ease of carriage to the place , lack of
requirement of electricity to power them unlike interactive boards and also they are not light
reflective so can be see.
4. It is simple to use with little practice.
5. It is economic and reusable.
6. It can be put to wide and various uses.
7. Allows note making.
8. Provides a lot of space for decorative and creative work.
9. Teacher can make students to write on the board.

DISADVANTAGES:

1. Chalk board is time consuming in topic coverage than interactive boards.

4 . It cannot be used with large groups.

5. The material usually cannot be saved until the next class.

6. Teacher lose eye contact while writing on the board which may interrupt communication.

7. Finally , this method is poor for the teacher who has poor handwriting because students cannot
read what is written.
 GUIDELINES FOR THE EFFECTIVE USE OF CHALKBOARD:

1. Plan the use of chalk board and everything needed for using the chalkboard should be kept ready
before the class begins, ie,collection of chalk and duster, etc.
2. It should be ensured the chalkboard is well lit by natural or artificial means.
3. Clean the board completely before starting the class. A clean board reflects the clarity of teacher’s
mind and avoid distractions to students
4. Write on the board according to a predecided plan. Writing to be started from top left corner. The
right part is good for writing the headings so that a revision can be held towards the end.do not over
write on the letters.
5. Diagrams and pictures can be sketched before class. Coloured chalks helps make drawing more
interesting and can be used to highlight important points.
6. Don’t speak to the board. k.eep turning back and forth; speak to the students while writing on the
board.
7. Do not crowd the chalkboard with too much matter. Stand clear of the written word.
8. Plan rubbing off sequence. Rub of a section of the board and write there. then rub the rest of it and
use duster to rub.
9. Hold the chalk between thumb and fingers. Break off a little piece to avoid squeaking while writing.
10. Occasionally the students may be asked to write or draw diagrams on the chalkboard.
11. It should be ensured that the the blackboard is periodically serviced.

CONCLUSION;

so the uses of chalkboard or interactive board is quite essential for teachers or tutors for better teaching.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Googleweblight.com/i?u=http//

B.Sankaranarayanan,LEARNING AND TEACHING NURSING , page no:181-189.