POTTI SRIRAMULU CHALAVADI MALLIKARJUNA RAO COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

MEAN STACK UNIT - 4

MONGODB
BY
MD. BUSHRA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARATMENT OF CSE - DATA SCIENCE
 Introduction Module Overview
MongoDB the most popular NoSQL database, is an open-source document-oriented
database. The term ‘NoSQL’ means ‘non-relational‘.
It means that MongoDB isn’t based on the table-like relational database structure but
provides an altogether different mechanism for the storage and retrieval of data. This
format of storage is called BSON ( similar to JSON format).
A simple MongoDB document Structure:
{
title: 'MONGoDb',
by: 'Md. Bushra ',
url: 'https://google.com',
type: 'NoSQL'
}
 Introduction Module Overview
MongoDB database features
Document Oriented: MongoDB stores the main subject in the minimal number of
documents and not by breaking it up into multiple relational structures like RDBMS. For
example, it stores all the information of a computer in a single document called Computer
and not in distinct relational structures like CPU, RAM, Hard disk etc.
Indexing: Without indexing, a database would have to scan every document of a collection
to select those that match the query which would be inefficient. So, for efficient
searching Indexing is a must and MongoDB uses it to process huge volumes of data in very
less time.
Scalability: MongoDB scales horizontally using sharding (partitioning data across various
servers). Data is partitioned into data chunks using the shard key and these data chunks
are evenly distributed across shards that reside across many physical servers. Also, new
machines can be added to a running database.
Aggregation: Aggregation operations process data records and return the computed
results. It is similar to the GROUPBY clause in SQL. A few aggregation expressions are sum,
avg, min, max, etc
 Document Database Overview
A document database (also known as a document-oriented database or a document store) is a database that stores
information in documents. Document databases are considered to be non-relational (or NoSQL) databases. Instead
of storing data in fixed rows and columns, document databases use flexible documents. Document databases are
the most popular alternative to tabular, relational databases.. Document databases offer a variety of advantages,
including:
An intuitive data model that is fast and easy for developers to work with
A flexible schema that allows for the data model to evolve as application needs change
The ability to horizontally scale out.What are the key features of document databases?
Document databases have the following key features:
Document model: Data is stored in documents (unlike other databases that store data in structures like tables or
graphs). Documents map to objects in most popular programming languages, which allows developers to rapidly
develop their applications.
Flexible schema: Document databases have flexible schemas, meaning that not all documents in a collection
need to have the same fields. Note that some document databases support schema validation, so the schema
can be optionally locked down.
Distributed and resilient: Document databases are distributed, which allows for horizontal scaling (typically
cheaper than vertical scaling) and data distribution. Document databases provide resiliency through replication.
Querying through an API or query language: Document databases have an API or query language that allows
developers to execute the CRUD operations on the database. Developers have the ability to query for
documents based on unique identifiers or field values.
 Understanding JSON
Many people think of JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) as a language, but it’s really just a data interchange format
that works natively with most modern languages, like Python, Java, PHP, and JavaScript. JSON is commonly used for
transmitting data in web applications. As the name implies, JSON is very similar to JavaScript objects in the way it’s
written and stored. However, JSON has only properties and no methods.
Let’s explain the JSON syntax:
JSON objects are written within {curly} braces.
Each item is a key-value pair.
The keys and string type values are written
within double quotes. Other data types—
like integer and boolean—don’t need to be written in quotes.
Arrays inside JSON strings are written
within [square] brackets.
Objects and arrays can be
embedded within an object.
 MongoDB Structure and Architecture
MongoDB is designed to meet the demands of modern apps with a technology foundation that
enables you through:
The document data model – presenting you the best way to work with data.
A distributed systems design – allowing you to intelligently put data where you want it.
A unified experience that gives you the freedom to run anywhere – allowing you to future-proof
your work and eliminate vendor lock-in.
With these capabilities, you can build an Intelligent Operational Data Platform, underpinned by
MongoDB.
 Application – The software or
service that interacts with the
database. It sends queries and Query Router – A component
retrieves data. responsible for routing queries
from the application to the
Drivers
appropriate database shard. It
Drivers are client libraries that
helps distribute the workload
offer interfaces and methods for
efficiently across multiple shards.
applications to communicate with
MongoDB databases. Drivers will Primary – The main node in each
handle the translation of shard responsible for handling
documents between BSON write operations. It ensures data
objects and mapping application consistency and synchronizes
structures. with secondary nodes.
.NET, Java, JavaScript, Node.js,
Secondary – Replica nodes that
Python, etc are some of the
store copies of the primary
widely used drives supported by
node's data. These nodes handle
MongoDB.
read operations to balance the
load and provide redundancy for
Shard – A partition of the database
fault tolerance.
that contains a subset of the data.
Sharding is used to improve
performance and scalability by
distributing data across multiple
servers.
 MongoDB Remote Management
Performance Management offering, and threshold event data. You can install and configure the MongoDB on a remote
system from the server. In large-scale environments, an external MongoDB can be used to reduce load at the server.
To check whether MongoDB that was installed with the Performance Management server is available, enter
/usr/bin/apm status mongodb. The output of Service mongodb started (PID 7574) indicates that MongoDB is installed
with the Performance Management server. The installation directory for MongoDB is install_dir/mongodb (default is
/opt/ibm/mongodb). MongoDB requires one TCP port that must be available, and is verified during the prerequisite
check: 27000.
About this task
Use this procedure to complete the following tasks:
Install the MongoDB on a separate system from the Performance Management server.
Configure communications between the MongoDB and the server.
Disable the MongoDB that was locally installed with the server.
For the supported version of MongoDB, see the system requirements report for your offering on APM
Developer Center > System requirements. The supported version is available from the Prerequisites tab of the
report.
Install and activate MongoDB on a remote system: On the remote system, change to the directory where
you downloaded the MongoDB directory and run one of the following commands:
To install MongoDB in the default /opt/ibm/mongodb directory:
install-mongodb.sh
 Installing MongoDB on the local computer (Mac or
Windows)
In this article on MongoDB Installation on Windows, we will walk through the step-by-step installation and setup process of
MongoDB. This guide is compatible with Windows Server 2022, 2019, and Windows 11, ensuring you’re up and running quickly.
From setting up environment variables to running the MongoDB server, we have covered everything. first, download the
MongoDB server and then install the MongoDB shell. The Steps below explain the installation process in detail and provide the
required resources for the smooth download and install MongoDB.
Download MongoDB Community Server
Go to the MongoDB Download Center to download the MongoDB Community Server.
Version: 7.0.4
OS: Windows x64
Package: msi
Key steps:
Go to the MongoDB website: Navigate to the official MongoDB download page in your web browser.
Select the Community Edition: Choose the "Community Server" option as this is the free version for personal use.
Choose your operating system: Select either "Windows" or "macOS" depending on your computer.
Download the installer: Download the appropriate installer file, usually an .msi for Windows and a .dmg for Mac.
Run the installer: Double-click the downloaded file to launch the installation wizard.
Follow the prompts: Accept the license agreement, choose the desired installation options (like a complete installation), and
specify the installation directory if needed.
 INTRODUCTION TO MONGODB CLOUD
At its core, MongoDB Atlas is a fully managed cloud database built on the document model, the fastest way to
innovate since documents are much easier and more natural to work with. You can store data of any structure and
modify your schema anytime as you add new features to your applications. Cloud computing has revolutionized the
way businesses work. Businesses are able to share their work, collaborate across the globe, save big time on
infrastructure costs, easily scale their applications, and securely store huge volumes of data
If you had a file saved on your local machine and wanted to access it from your phone or tablet, that wouldn't be
possible. But if you store the same document on OneDrive or Google Docs, you can use WiFi or mobile data to access
it from anywhere.
Likewise, you can run the MongoDB database on the cloud using MongoDB Atlas, which means you don’t have to instal
MongoDB on your machine, but can still use all of its features that your project needs. Simply explained, cloud
computing is a set of distributed resources across servers that can be accessed as a service over the internet.
Having high-end applications, infrastructure, platforms, software, and many other resources on cloud means that you
can get the benefits of these at a low cost, even if your physical machine has limited capabilities.