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Object Code Forms (1)

The document discusses three forms of object code produced during the compilation process: Absolute Machine Code, Relocatable Object Code, and Assembly Language Code. Each form has distinct characteristics, with absolute code being ready for execution, relocatable code allowing for modular programming, and assembly code providing readability for debugging. The conclusion highlights the suitability of each form for different software development needs.

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3 views

Object Code Forms (1)

The document discusses three forms of object code produced during the compilation process: Absolute Machine Code, Relocatable Object Code, and Assembly Language Code. Each form has distinct characteristics, with absolute code being ready for execution, relocatable code allowing for modular programming, and assembly code providing readability for debugging. The conclusion highlights the suitability of each form for different software development needs.

Uploaded by

bebamop569
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Object Code Forms in Compilation

In the final stage of compilation, the code generator produces the output known as the object code. This code

is the machine-understandable form of the original program. Depending on the target platform and use case,

the compiler can produce the object code in several different forms. Each form has its own advantages and

trade-offs in terms of execution speed, flexibility, and ease of linking.

1. Absolute Machine Code

This is a fully compiled, final form of machine code that is ready to be loaded into memory and executed

directly.

- No further processing like linking or relocation is needed.

- Typically used in simple or small standalone systems.

- Suitable for educational compilers like WATFIV or PL/C.

- Limitation: No flexibility for modularity or dynamic linking.

Absolute Code Example:


Example:
Memory Location | Instruction
0x0000 | LOAD A
0x0001 | ADD B
0x0002 | STORE C
0x0003 | HALT

2. Relocatable Object Code

This form of code can be relocated in memory during linking or loading. Each subprogram can be compiled

separately and later combined into a full program.

- Common in modern development environments.

- Object modules can be linked together using a linker.

- Compiler must provide relocation information.

- Supports large and modular programs.


Object Code Forms in Compilation

Relocatable Code Snippet:


Example:
Symbol Table Entry:
Label: START | Offset: 0x0040
Instruction: JMP START ; Adjusted during linking

3. Assembly Language Code

This is a symbolic version of the machine code. It is more readable and can be processed by an assembler to

produce final object code.

- Easier to debug and optimize manually.

- Allows use of macros, constants, and labels.

- Requires a separate assembly step.

- Useful for low-level system programming and embedded systems.

Assembly Code Example:


Example:
MOV AX, 0010h
ADD AX, BX
MOV [RESULT], AX

Comparison of Object Code Forms

| Code Form | Human Readable | Executable Directly | Requires Linking |

|----------------------|----------------|----------------------|------------------|

| Absolute Machine Code| No | Yes | No |

| Relocatable Code | No | No | Yes |

| Assembly Code | Yes | No | Yes |

Conclusion

Each object code form serves different needs in software development. For quick execution, absolute code is

effective. For modular programming and code reuse, relocatable code is ideal. Assembly code offers greater
Object Code Forms in Compilation

control and transparency for debugging, making it suitable for system-level programming.

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