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This Calculus Study Guide covers key concepts including arc length integrals, area by integration, integration by parts, improper integrals, and L'Hopital's Rule. Each section provides formulas, steps, and examples to illustrate the application of these concepts. The guide serves as a concise reference for solving various calculus problems.

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Calculus_Study_Guide_ASCII

This Calculus Study Guide covers key concepts including arc length integrals, area by integration, integration by parts, improper integrals, and L'Hopital's Rule. Each section provides formulas, steps, and examples to illustrate the application of these concepts. The guide serves as a concise reference for solving various calculus problems.

Uploaded by

mail.bhumikaprem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Calculus Study Guide

1. Arc Length Integrals

Arc length finds the length of a curve y = f(x) from x = a to x = b.

Formula:

L = integral from a to b of sqrt(1 + (dy/dx)^2) dx

Steps:

1. Find the derivative dy/dx.

2. Square it and add 1.

3. Take the square root and integrate.

Example:

y = x^2 from x = 0 to x = 1:

dy/dx = 2x, so L = integral from 0 to 1 of sqrt(1 + 4x^2) dx

2. Area by Integration

Finds area under or between curves.

Area under a curve: A = integral from a to b of f(x) dx

Area between curves: A = integral from a to b of [f(x) - g(x)] dx

Use vertical slices (x) or horizontal slices (y).

Example:

y = x+2, y = x^2; Intersection: x = -1, 2

A = integral from -1 to 2 of [(x+2) - x^2] dx

3. Integration by Parts

Used to integrate product of functions.

Formula:

integral of u dv = uv - integral of v du

Use LIATE to choose u: Log, Inverse trig, Algebraic, Trig, Exponential

Example:

integral of x e^x dx: u = x, dv = e^x dx

=> x e^x - integral of e^x dx = x e^x - e^x + C


Calculus Study Guide

4. Improper Integrals

Used when limits are infinite or function is undefined.

Infinite bounds:

integral from 1 to infinity of 1/x^2 dx = lim b->inf of integral from 1 to b 1/x^2 dx = 1

Undefined at endpoint:

integral from 0 to 1 of 1/sqrt(x) dx = lim a->0+ of integral from a to 1 of 1/sqrt(x) dx = 2

5. L'Hopital's Rule

Used to evaluate indeterminate forms 0/0 or inf/inf.

Rule:

If lim x->a of f(x)/g(x) = 0/0 or inf/inf, then

lim x->a of f(x)/g(x) = lim x->a of f'(x)/g'(x)

Example:

lim x->0 sin(x)/x = 0/0 -> use derivatives: cos(x)/1 = 1

Other forms: inf - inf, 0*inf, 1^inf, 0^0 -> use algebra/logs to simplify.

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