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CSEC_Functions_Formula_Sheet

This document provides a formula sheet for CSEC Functions, Graphs, and Algebra, detailing key concepts such as the gradient, equations of straight lines, midpoints, distances, quadratic functions, and inverse functions. It includes methods for solving simultaneous equations, graphing linear inequalities, and evaluating functions. Additionally, it highlights the conditions under which functions may be undefined.

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kaikaiharris2008
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

CSEC_Functions_Formula_Sheet

This document provides a formula sheet for CSEC Functions, Graphs, and Algebra, detailing key concepts such as the gradient, equations of straight lines, midpoints, distances, quadratic functions, and inverse functions. It includes methods for solving simultaneous equations, graphing linear inequalities, and evaluating functions. Additionally, it highlights the conditions under which functions may be undefined.

Uploaded by

kaikaiharris2008
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSEC Functions, Graphs, and Algebra -

Formula Sheet with Explanations


1. Gradient (Slope)
m = (y₂ - y₁) / (x₂ - x₁)
Used to find the steepness of a straight line between two points.

2. Equation of a Straight Line


y = mx + c
- m is the gradient
- c is the y-intercept (point where the line crosses the y-axis)
Alternative form: y - y₁ = m(x - x₁)

3. Midpoint of a Line Segment


M = ((x₁ + x₂)/2, (y₁ + y₂)/2)
Finds the exact center between two points.

4. Distance Between Two Points


Distance = √[(x₂ - x₁)² + (y₂ - y₁)²]
Used to calculate length between two points on a plane.

5. Quadratic Function (Standard Form)


y = ax² + bx + c
Graph is a parabola. a ≠ 0.

6. Axis of Symmetry (Quadratic)


x = -b / 2a
This is the x-value of the vertex (turning point) of a parabola.

7. Turning Point (Vertex)


Vertex = (-b / 2a, f(-b / 2a))
Find x from axis of symmetry, then plug into the function to find y.

8. Inverse of a Function
f⁻¹(x) = (x - b) / a (for linear functions)
Switch x and y, solve for y.

9. Composite Function
f(g(x)) = Substitute g(x) into f(x)
10. Simultaneous Equations
No single formula. Use:
- Substitution
- Elimination
- Graphical intersection

11. Gradient from Graph


Gradient ≈ Δy / Δx (estimate from graph's slope)

12. Linear Inequality Graphing


- Use y = mx + c to graph the line
- Solid line for ≤ or ≥
- Dashed line for < or >
- Shade the correct region

13. Exponential Function


y = a * b^x
- a is the starting value
- b is the growth/decay rate

14. Function Evaluation


Substitute x into the function to calculate f(x).
Example: f(x) = 3x - 2 → f(4) = 10

15. Undefined Functions


Rational functions are undefined when denominator = 0.
Example: h(x) = (3x - 1)/(x + 2) is undefined at x = -2

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