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Detailed Lesson Plan
In
Mathematics
(Geometry)
I. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson the students are expected to:
a. derive formulas for the surface areas and volumes of solid figures; and
b. solve problems involving the surface areas and volumes of solid figures.
II. CONTENT and MATERIALS:
a. Content: Surface Area and Volume
b. Materials: Chalk, Chalkboard, Visual Materials (Solid Figures), Cartolina, Manila Paper, Laptop
and LCD (if available) and Calculator (if needed).
c. Reference: New High school Mathematics III (Second Edition)
III. PROCEDURE/ DEVELOPMENT OF THE LESSON
a. Motivation
TEACHERS ACTIVITY STUDENTS
ACTIVITY
Good Morning Class!
Good Morning Sir
Can you see the things on my desk? Yes Sir!
Can you recognize them? Yes Sir, they are solid figures or three
dimensional figures, naming it from left to
right that’s a CUBE, RECTANGULAR PRISM,
PYRAMID, CONE, CYLINDER and SPHERE.
Very good Ivan!
Look around, Can you see solid figures? Yes Sir, the Eraser, Chalk box and your table
top are examples of rectangular prism
That’s very good observation Jerome!
Sir, the ice cream in a cone which I bought
during recess time is an example of cone.
Sir, the pencil holder in your desk is an
example of Cylinder.
Very good Misty!
Those are just few of many examples of solid
Figures
b. Presentation
Today we will be measuring the volume and
surface area of each solid figure. (Students Listens)
Let’s start by differentiating VOLUME from
SURFACE AREA
What is VOLUME? Sir, Volume is the amount of space occupied
by a solid figure.
Very good Ellen!
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How about SURFACE AREA? Sir, the surface area is the sum of the areas
of faces of a solid figure.
Very good James!
To illustrate the difference, I have here a soft
drink in a can, if we talked about VOLUME of this
can I’m talking about the soda inside, while (Students Listens)
SURFACE AREA is the sheet metal used in the
construction of this can.
Is it clear class? Yes Sir!
CUBE
(the teacher will let the students hold and
observe the sample figure)
What solid is this? Sir, it’s a CUBE
What special features do you observed with the Sir, it has six (6) square faces.
figure?
Very good Norma!
Since it has 6 faces (square), we can solve its
surface area by finding the sum of this faces.
Scube= 6s2
Sir, I will try
where “s” are the measure of the side of square
or cube. Solving for surface area:
Thus, to solve for its volume, we multiply the three
dimension of this solid
VCUBE= s3
Let’s have an example, find the volume and
surface area of the figure below.
VCUBE= s3
VCUBE= 53
5 inches VCUBE= 125 cubic inches
Who wants solve the problem?
Very Good Stella!
RECTANGULAR PRISM
widt Length Heigh
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According to Jerome a while ago, ERASER, BOOK
and my TABLETOP are the best representation of
this figure, the RECTANGULAR PRISM. (Students Listen)
(the teacher will let the students hold the figure)
What special feature do you observed with the Sir, I observed that the faces of
the
figure? rectangular prism are congruent and parallel
Sir, I also observed that the opposite
faces of the rectangular prism are congruent
and parallel
Both of you are correct. Using this property we can
measure its surface area by getting all the area of
faces (rectangle), thus
SRECTANGULAR PRISM= 2lw +2 wh+2 lw
While for its volume, we multiply the three dimen- (Students Listen)
sion, thus
VRECTANGULAR PRISM= lxw xh
Any question with the formula? None Sir!
So let’s have thus example:
A rectangular prism has the following dimen-
sions 8 by 2 by 4 inches respectively. Find the
volume and surface area.
Who wants to solve? Solving for surface area:
SRECTANGULAR PRISM= 2lw +2 wh+2 lw
SRECTANGULAR PRISM= 2(8 x 4)+2(2 x 4 )+ 2(8 x 2)
SRECTANGULAR PRISM= 2(32)+ 2(8)+ 2(16)
SRECTANGULAR PRISM= 112 square inches
Solving for its volume:
VRECTANGULAR PRISM= lxw xh
VRECTANGULAR PRISM= 8 x2 x 4
VRECTANGULAR PRISM= 64 cubic inches
That’s correct! Very good Nicole.
PYRAMID
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Slant Height
H
e
i
g
h
Lengt t
h
Width
Have you heard, read or seen in television about
the Egyptian Pyramids? Yes Sir!
I have here a sample figure of pyramid
(the teacher will let the student hold and observe
the figure)
Describe it! Sir, the faces of pyramid except the base, are
Triangles.
I also notice that the triangular face of the
py-
ramid meet at a common point.
That was very good observation Alvin!
TAKE NOTE: the base of a pyramid can be a diffe-
rent sided polygon. A pyramid is named according (Students Listens)
to its base. A pyramid may be triangular, square, or
pentagonal depending on its base
Using its properties, we can find the surface area of
a pyramid by adding the area of the base to the
sum of the areas of all triangular faces.
sl
SPYRAMID=
B+ n( )
2
where; B= area of base
n= number of triangular faces
s= length of side
l= slant height (Students Listens)
and for its volume
1
VPYRAMID=
Bh
3
where; B= area of base
h= height
Any question with the formula class? None Sir!
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Then let’s try and solve the figure in the board
3 cm 5 cm
8 cm
Who wants to solve the volume and surface area? Sir, I would like to try!
For its surface area:
sl
SPYRAMID=
B+ n( )
2
2 8 x5
SPYRAMID=
8 +4 ( )
2
SPYRAMID= 64+ 80
SPYRAMID= 144 squareinches
and for its volume:
1
VPYRAMID=
Bh
3
1 2
VPYRAMID=
8 (3)
3
1 2
VPYRAMID=
8 (3)
3
64 (3)
VPYRAMID= 3
VPYRAMID= 64 cubic inches
Very Good Vic!
CONE
radius
Height
slant
height
(the teacher let the student hold and observe the
figure)
Did you notice that the base is circle? Yes Sir!
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A cone is a solid figure with a vertex and a circular
base. (Students Listens)
To solve for its SURFACE AREA of the cone we need
to find the sum of the lateral area and circular base
(see figure)
2
SCONE= π rl+ π r
where:
l= slant height (Students Listens)
r= radius
And to solve for the volume of the cone, we use;
1 2
VCONE =
πr h
3
where: r= radius
h= height
π = 3.14
Lets have an example, the figure on the board is a
cone with measures of its parts. Sir, I will try
Solving for the surface area of the cone
2
SCONE= π rl+ π r
7.21 cm.
SCONE= (3.14)(4)(7.21)+(3.14)(4 )2
5 cm.
SCONE ≈ 140.80 square centimeter
Solving for the volume of the cone
4 1 2
VCONE =
πr h
cm. 3
Very Good Sonny!
CYLINDER
Heigh
t
radius
Another solid figure is a cylinder (the teacher will let
the students hold and observe the figure)
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What significant features you can observe in that Sir, it has parallel and congruent
circular
figure? bases.
Very Good Toni!
To solve for the surface area, we rolled out the cylin-
der.
What can you notice? Sir, I can see two circles and a
rectangle
that’s correct!
Thus, to solve for its surface area we need to find the
sum of the area of rectangle and 2 circles.
SCYLINDER= ARECTANGLE + 2 ACIRCLE
SCYLINDER= lw+ 2(π r 2 )
since “l”= circumference of circle = 2 πr and
w=height of the circle, we rewrite the formula as (Students Listens)
2
SCYLINDER= 2 πrh+2 π r
and to solve for its volume, we use the formula:
VCYLINDER= π r 2h
Any question with the formula class? None Sir!
Let’s try this example. Find the volume and surface
area of the solid Sir, I will solve for the volume and
surface area
SCYLINDER= 2 πrh+2 π r 2
2 cm.
SCYLINDER= 2(3.14)(2)(5)+ 2(3.14)(2)2
SCYLINDER= 62.8+25.12
SCYLINDER ≈ 87.92 square centimeter
Volume:
5 cm.
2
VCYLINDER= πr h
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Very Good Samuel!
SPHERE
r
Another solid which we find very common in our every-
day life is the sphere
(the teacher will let the student hold and observe the
figure)
For us to measure the surface area of the sphere, we (Students Listens)
use the formula
2
SSPHERE= 4πr
and for volume
4 3
VSPHERE=
πr
3
where “r” is the radius of sphere
c. Activity/ Application
It’s time to apply our learning’s in finding volume and
surface area.
The class will be divided (3 or more groups) (Student will group themselves)
Task: Find the volume and surface area of the things/
objects assigned to the group.
Class, before we start assign first your leader and secre-
tary
(Every group will be given a maximum of 10 minutes
in solving their respective objects and a maximum of (Student will proceed to
their
5 minutes for the reporting of results) respective groups and will
participate)
Items included are the following:
Golf ball, Marble, Junior ball
Dice, Toy cube
ring box, gift box, cellphone box
softdrink can, empty can good in different sizes
cone (ice cream)
model of a pyramid
Note: Each item has an attached paper where the
values necessary for solving surface area and its (Students Listens)
volume are given.
(The teacher will roam around to make sure that activi-
ties are being followed and to answer inquiries or
clarifications related to the activity)
(After the activity, a participant of the group will report
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their solution in front of the class)
(result of each group will be submitted to the teacher
after the activity)
d. Summary
A space figure or three dimensional solid figure has faces, edges, and vertices
The surface area “S” is the sum of the area of its faces
The volume “V” of a solid is the number of cubic units contained in it.
Cube: Scube= 6s2 and V CUBE= s3
Prism (rectangular): SRECTANGULAR PRISM= 2lw +2 wh+2 lw and VRECTANGULAR PRISM= lxwxh
Cylinder: SCYLINDER= 2 πrh+2 π r 2 and VCYLINDER= π r 2h
sl 1
Pyramid: SPYRAMID=
B+ n( ) and VPYRAMID=
Bh
2 3
1 2
Cone: SCONE= π rl+ π r 2 and VCONE =
πr h
3
4 3
Sphere: SSPHERE= 4 π r2 and VSPHERE=
πr
3
IV. EVALUATION
Direction: Solve the following (Answer Key)
1. A sewing box has the dimension 10 cm by 8 cm V= 10 x 8 x 5
by 5 cm. What is its volume? V= 400 cubic centimeter
2. A cylindrical tank has a radius of 1.5 cm and a
height of 8 cm
a. How much material was used making it? a. SCYLINDER= 2 πrh+2 π r 2
1.5
¿
b. determine how much water the tank contains SCYLINDER= ¿
2(3.14)(1.5)(8)+2(3.14)¿
SCYLINDER ≈ 82.42 square centimeters
b. VCYLINDER= π r 2h
1.5
¿
VCYLINDER= ¿
(3.14)¿
VCYLINDER ≈ 56.52 cubic centimeters
3. The base of a rectangular pyramid is 8 cm by 10
1
cm. If its height and slant height are 12 cm and 3. VPYRAMID=
Bh
3
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1
15 cm respectively, what is its volume? VPYRAMID=
( 8 ) ( 10 ) (12 )
3
VPYRAMID= 320 cubic centimeters
IV. ASSIGNMENT
Direction: Solve the problem below ( Use the figure
below)
2
cm
2 2
cm cm
2
cm
1. A piece of cardboard, whose length is 20 cm and
whose width is 10 cm, is folded on the dotted lines
to make an OPEN box. Find the following
a. Height of the box a. 2 centimeters
b. Surface area of the open box b. Since it is an OPEN box, one of its face is
not
multiplied by 2.
S= 2(2)(16) + 2(2)(6) + 16(6)
S= 184 square centimeters
c. Volume of the box c.
V= l x wx h
V= (2)(16)(6)
V= 192 cubic centimeters
Prepared by:
Jeffreynald A. Francisco
