A1 Maths

COURSE START
Summer
Booklet

Name: ………………………………………………………

Are you ready for A1 Maths Test % …………

Need help completing or understanding anything in this booklet? Watch

the videos at the start of each exercise AND come to our Maths A1
Course Start Support Sessions at 10:00-12:00 on Tuesday 5th
September, Thursday 7th September, Friday 8th September. Come
either in person to the STEM centre to room S6, OR join us online at
this link: https://meet.google.com/gez-ajfq-tgb
Welcome to Varndean Maths. We aim high as a Department, and we want you to be aiming high
too! This booklet has been designed to help you to bridge the gap between GCSE Maths and A1
Maths. Be sure to complete it all and bring it to your first lesson!

CONTENTS
THINGS TO DO BEFORE ENROLMENT 3

WHEN (NOT IF) YOU GET STUCK 4

ANSWERS – SECTIONS 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 & MINI TEST 1 5

SECTION 1 - INDICES 7

SECTION 2 – FRACTIONS 10

SECTION 3 – SURDS 12

SECTION 4 – EXPANDING BRACKETS 15

SECTION 5 – FACTORISING 17

MINI TEST 1 - SECTIONS 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 19

ANSWERS – SECTION 6, 7, & 8 & MINI TEST 2 20

SECTION 6 - QUADRATICS 22

SECTION 7 – LINE GEOMETRY 26

SECTION 8 – GCSE STATISTICS REVISION 28

MINI TEST 2 - SECTIONS 6, 7, & 8 31

ARE YOU READY FOR A1 MATHS? TEST 32

ANSWERS - ARE YOU READY FOR A1 MATHS? TEST 34

ANSWERS – SECTIONS 9 & 10 (Further Maths) 36

SECTION 9 – COMPLEX NUMBERS (Further Maths) 37

SECTION 10 – ROOTS OF POLYNOMIALS (Further Maths) 40

RECREATIONAL MATHS (For fun!) 44

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Read the below carefully before you start this booklet
Things to do before enrolment

1. You must complete all of this booklet and bring it to your first lesson. Your teacher
will expect this to be 100% complete and correct when you arrive. Write all your
working in the booklet.

2. Check all of your answers to the questions against those on the answer sheet (Page
3) and tick them off as you go.

3. Developing strong Algebra is very important in A level maths. When you see this icon

the exercises should be completed without using a calculator. These

questions will help you practice and hone your skills.

4. Get help when you are stuck! Maths can be tough and getting stuck is normal. What
makes a successful Varndean maths student is one who proactively seeks help to
solve problems.

How to get help: Watch the videos on any concept you need help with. You could
also attend the support sessions from 10:00 – 12:00 Tuesday September 5th,
Thursday 7th, and Friday September 8th after enrolment. Come in person to the
STEM centre to room S6 OR join us online on this
link: https://meet.google.com/gez-ajfq-tgb

5. Make sure you are confident with all of the concepts in this booklet. There will be a
test in your second maths lesson on the topics in this booklet to assess your skills.

6. The Further Maths material (see next page for more details) is compulsory for
students who signed up for Further Maths. If you did not sign up but are interested in
enrolling onto the course, why not have a go at the material and see how it goes? If
you enjoyed and completed it, you could sign up when you come into Varndean to
enrol into the college.

7. The Recreational maths section (see next page for more details) is just for fun, and is
not compulsory for anyone. If you enjoy maths challenges, check this section out. You
may want to join our maths challenge team next year !

8. A level Maths is a big step up from GCSE and your calculator needs to step up too!
You will need at least the CASIO FX-991EX calculator for this course (£20-
£25). Better still, especially if you are going to be studying Further Maths and/or
considering a degree in Maths, Physics or Engineering, we recommend a graphical
calculator such as the CASIO FX-CG50 (approx. £140). (Please contact our Welfare
Co-ordinator if you think you might be eligible for financial assistance)

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WHEN (NOT IF) YOU GET STUCK
Studying Maths at Advanced Level is all about Problem Solving. This is a skill that takes work and
development. The first stage of solving problems is being stuck. You may get stuck for a short while, or you
may find that if you leave the problem for a day or so something clicks and you figure it out (which is a great
feeling!). Sometimes you will be stuck to the point that you need help. This is perfectly normal. In fact, it is
expected that you will get stuck and will need help at some point.

Some of these topics may seem unfamiliar to you, but they are all GCSE level topics and you need to be
able to perform all of these techniques before you begin studying A level here.

So, when you get stuck:

• Watch the ‘Need Help?’ YouTube videos by scanning the QR codes for more explanation and
examples, or type the video titles directly into YouTube to access them

• Look again at the examples in the booklet and work through them to make sure you understand
each step they have taken.

• Try looking up the topic in a GCSE higher tier textbook or revision guide (your local library will have
one) or look online

• Meet up with a friend if you know they too are studying maths here and work through the problem
together

• Attend the help sessions in the days after enrolment as detailed on the front page of this booklet

• If you have any questions about the course you could also e mail Scott (Head of Maths) on
[email protected]

FURTHER MATHS?

After the A Level Maths section there are two Further Maths sections. These sections are compulsory if you
are enrolling on the Doubles (Further Maths) course in September. Your work will be checked in the first
lesson.

If you have completed the A Level Maths section, enjoyed it and achieved well in the test, you are a prime
candidate for Further Maths. If you haven’t enrolled on Double (Further) Maths, have a go at the Further
Maths section and see if you enjoy it. If you do, we highly recommend starting Further Maths! This is
studied as a 4th subject alongside Maths and 2 other courses. When you arrive at Varndean to enrol, show
your enroller that you have completed the Further maths sections and that you have met the GCSE entry
requirement, and ask them about how to sign up. Alternatively, you can email Scott at [email protected]
to ask for more information about the course, or for how to enrol.

FUN MATHS?

There is also some extra maths right at the end of this booklet. These are ‘Maths Challenge’ type
questions. We enter the Senior Maths Challenge and the Senior Maths Team Challenge. If you like
different and challenging maths problems, feel free to have a go. These are entirely optional, and are
meant to be for fun, but if you would like to be considered for the Varndean Maths Team we suggest getting
used to questions such as these early on. There is a weekly maths club where we look at problems like
these as well as other recreational maths problems.

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ANSWERS - SECTIONS 1, 2, 3, 4, & 5

SECTION 1 – INDICES
EX 1A:
1 1 1 1
1) 2) 3) 4) 32 5) 8 6)
64 3 3 128

EX 1B:
1 3 2 3
1 3 1
1) 5
𝑥 2) 2 𝑥 −2 3) 3 𝑥 −2 4) 2𝑥 3 5) 2𝑥 −2 + 4𝑥 −2

1 3 1
2 4 1
6) 3 𝑥 −1 − 3 𝑥 −2 7) 4 𝑥 −3 − 𝑥 −2 8) 𝑥 −1 − 4𝑥 −2 9) 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 −2

1 3
1 1
10) 𝑥 −1 − 2𝑥 −2 11) 2𝑥 −2 + 1 12) + 𝑥 −1 13) 𝑥 −2 + 2𝑥 −2
2 3

14) 2𝑥 −1 − 𝑥 −2

EX 1C:
1 1 1 1
1) 𝑥 = 27 2) 𝑥 = 25 3) 𝑥 = 32 4) 𝑥 = 64 5) 𝑥 = 81 6) 𝑥 = 125

SECTION 2 – FRACTIONS
EX 2A:
2𝑥+3 3𝑥 27 8
1) 3𝑥 2) 𝑥 2 3) 10 4) 2 5) 8
6) − 11

3𝑥−4 2𝑥 2 +25
7) 2𝑥
8) 5𝑥

EX 2B:
10 23 6 5 14 1
1) 𝑥 = 33 2) 𝑥 = 2
3) 𝑥 = 5 4) 𝑥 = 9 5) 𝑥 = 45 6) 𝑥 = 4

SECTION 3 – SURDS
EX 3A:
1) 3√3 2) 3√5 3) 2√3 4) 4√3 5) 5√3 6) √3

7) √2 8) 3 9) 3

EX 3B:
1) 17√3 2) √2 3) −4√5 4) −4√7 − 14√2

EX 3C:
√2 2√7 7√5 √6
1) 2
2) 7
3) − 20
4) 9
5) −1 + √2

−4+6√2
6) 10 + 5√3 7) 2 + 2√3 8)
7

SECTION 4 – EXPANDING BRACKETS

EX 4:
1) 2𝑥 3 − 11𝑥 2 − 21𝑥 2) 10𝑥 3 − 11𝑥 2 𝑦 + 20𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 12𝑥𝑦

3) 𝑥 3 − 13𝑥 − 12 4) 18𝑥 3 − 15𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4

5) 3𝑥 3 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 6) 8𝑥 3 − 36𝑥 2 𝑦 + 54𝑥𝑦 2 − 27𝑦 3

7) 𝑎𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝑏𝑑 + 𝑐 2 𝑎 + 𝑐𝑎𝑑 + 𝑏 2 𝑐 + 𝑏 2 𝑑 + 𝑏𝑐 2 + 𝑏𝑐𝑑

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SECTION 5 – FACTORISING
EX 5A:
1) (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) 2) (2𝑥 − 3)(2𝑥 + 3) 3) (7 − 3𝑥)(7 + 3𝑥)

4) (2√2 − √2𝑥)(2√2 + √2𝑥) 5) (𝑏 2 − 𝑐 4 )(𝑏2 + 𝑐 4 ) 6) (√𝑎 − √𝑏)(√𝑎 + √𝑏)

EX 5B:
1) 𝑥(3𝑥 + 4) 2) 2𝑦(2𝑦 + 5) 3) 𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) 4) 2𝑥𝑦(4𝑦 + 5𝑥)

5) (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2) 6) (2𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 1) 7) (5𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 3)

8) (1 − 𝑥)(6 + 𝑥) 9) 𝑥(𝑥 + 6)(𝑥 − 6) 10) 𝑥(2𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 5)

MINI TEST 1 - SECTIONS 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 ANSWERS

1 1
1) a) 3 b) 128

3 1
2 4
2) a) 3 𝑥 −1 − 3 𝑥 −2 b) 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 −2

1 1
3) a) 𝑥 = 25 b) 𝑥 = 125

2𝑥 2 +25
4) a) b) 2
5𝑥

1
5) 𝑥 = 4

6) 10 + 5√3

7) 18𝑥 3 − 15𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4

8) a) 2𝑥𝑦(5𝑥 + 4𝑦) b) 𝑥(𝑥 − 6)(𝑥 + 6)

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SECTION 1 – INDICES
WRITE YOUR ANSWERS DIRECTLY INTO THIS BOOKLET, AND TICK THE BOXES WHEN YOU
HAVE CHECKED THAT YOU ARE CORRECT

At Varndean we may use a lot of video learning for students to feel prepared before classes and to access
help. Scan the QR codes using your SmartPhone or Tablet (or type in the video title into Youtube) and we
can get started ☺

EXERCISE 1A – SIMPLIFYING INDICES

Evaluate the following:

Need help? or type ‘COSBICMATHS HELP EX1A’ into Youtube

1) 2−6 = 2) 9−2 =
1 1
3) 81−4 =

5 3 7
4) 42 = 5) 325 = 6) 16−4 =

EXERCISE 1B
Write these in the form of 𝑎𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑏𝑥 𝑚 :

Need help? or type ‘COSBICMATHS HELP EX1B’ into Youtube

𝑥 3 √𝑥
1) 5 = 2) 2 = 3) 3𝑥 2 =
√𝑥

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 3 2√𝑥+4 2𝑥−4
4) √8𝑥 2 = 5) = 6) =
𝑥2 3𝑥 2

1−4𝑥 (1−4√𝑥) (𝑥 2 −3)

7) = 8) = 9) =
4𝑥 3 𝑥 √𝑥

𝑥−2 (2+√𝑥) 2𝑥+4

10) = 11) = 12) =
𝑥2 √𝑥 4𝑥

√𝑥+6 2𝑥−1
13) = 14) =
3𝑥 2 𝑥2

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EXERCISE 1C – MANIPULATING INDICES TO SOLVE FOR X
Solve each of the following equations for 𝑥. Remember to tick your answers once you have checked you
are correct.

Need help? or type ‘COSBICMATHS HELP EX1C’ into Youtube

2 1 2
1) 𝑥 −3 = 9 2) 𝑥 −2 = 5 3) 𝑥 5 = 4

2 3 2
1 1
4) 𝑥 3 = 16 5) 𝑥 4 = 27 6) 𝑥 3 = 25

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SECTION 2 – FRACTIONS
Fractions play an extremely important role in mathematics, and being able to manipulate them fluidly will
really help you when working with more complicated problems.

EXERCISE 2A – WRITING AS A SINGLE FRACTION

Write the following as a single fraction

Need help? or type ‘COSBICMATHS HELP EX2A’ into Youtube

3𝑥 2 3
1) ×5= 2) 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 =
5

3𝑥 3 1
3) ÷5= 4) 2 ÷ 4 ÷ 3 =
2

3 1 12 4 1
5) (2 × 4) + 3 = 6) (11 − 3) ÷ 3 =

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 2 3 5 2𝑥
7) − 𝑥 + 2 = 8) 𝑥 + =
5

EXERCISE 2B – SIMPLIFYING FRACTIONS & SOLVING FOR X

Let’s combine everything we have done so far.
Put the following into a single fraction and solve each of the following equations for 𝑥.

Need help? or type ‘COSBICMATHS HELP EX2B’ into Youtube

𝑥+2 𝑥+1 4𝑥 2𝑥 𝑥−2

1) 3 − = 8𝑥 2) + 12 = 8 3) − =1
4 3 3 4

4−𝑥 3−𝑥 √16𝑥 2 2

1
2√𝑥+4 1
4) 𝑥
− 2𝑥
=4 5) −4=7 6) 3𝑥 −2 − =
3𝑥 2 5𝑥 √𝑥

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SECTION 3 – SURDS
A surd is an example of an irrational number where the √ sign remains. An irrational number means that
the number cannot be written as a whole number or as a fraction. So √4 is not a surd, as √4 = 2, and 2 is a
rational number.

However, √3 is a surd because it cannot be broken down any further and the √ sign has remained.

EXERCISE 3A – SIMPLIFYING SURDS

Simplify the below into surd form as far as possible, writing your answers as 𝑎√𝑏
Remember to tick off your answers as you go.

Need help? or type ‘COSBICMATHS HELP EX3A’ into Youtube

1) √27 = 2) √45 = 3) √12 =

4) √48 = 5) √75 = √12

6) =
2

√98 √18 √27

7) = 8) = 9) =
7 √2 √3

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EXERCISE 3B – COLLECTING SURD TERMS
Collect the terms and simplify the below into a single surd, broken down as far as possible into the form
𝑎√𝑏

Need help? or type ‘COSBICMATHS HELP EX3B’ into Youtube

1) √12 + 3√75 =

2) √200 + √18 − 2√72 =

3) √20 + 2√45 − 3√80 =

4) 4√7 − 2√98 − 4√28 =

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EXERCISE 3C – RATIONALISING DENOMINATORS
Rationalise the denominators and then simplify to put the following in the form 𝑎√𝑏 or if appropriate 𝑎 + 𝑏√𝑐

Need help? or type ‘COSBICMATHS HELP EX3C’ into Youtube

1 2
1) = 2) =
√2 √7

−7 √2
3) 4√5 = 4) 3√3 =

1 5
5) 1+√2 = 6) 2−√3 =

4 2√2
7) = 8) =
√3−1 √2+3

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SECTION 4 – EXPANDING BRACKETS
Knowing how to manipulate algebra really quickly is SO important in A level maths. Whether this is through
expanding brackets and collecting terms, or through finding common factors and factorising into brackets.

EXERCISE 4 – EXPANDING BRACKETS & COLLECTING TERMS

Expand the following brackets and collect like-terms:

Need help? or type ‘COSBICMATHS HELP EX4’ into Youtube

1) 𝑥(2𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 7) =

2) 𝑥(5𝑥 − 3𝑦)(2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 4) =

3) (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 1) =

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4) (3𝑥 − 2)(2𝑥 + 1)(3𝑥 − 2) =

5) (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦)(3𝑥 − 2) =

6) (2𝑥 − 3𝑦)3 =

7) (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑏 + 𝑐)(𝑐 + 𝑑) =

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SECTION 5 – FACTORISING

EXERCISE 5A – FACTORISING USING THE DIFFERENCE OF TWO SQUARES

Factorise the following by splitting these expressions into the difference of two squares – using the rule that
𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)

Need help? or type ‘COSBICMATHS HELP EX5A’ into Youtube

1) 𝑥 2 − 1 = 2) 4𝑥 2 − 9 =

3) 49 − 9𝑥 2 = 4) 8 − 2𝑥 2 =

5) 𝑏 4 − 𝑐 8 = 6) 𝑎 − 𝑏 =

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EXERCISE 5B – FACTORISING EXPRESSIONS
Factorise the following completely:

Need help? or type ‘COSBICMATHS HELP EX5B’ into Youtube

1) 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 = 2) 4𝑦 2 + 10𝑦 =

3) 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 2 = 4) 8𝑥𝑦 2 + 10𝑥 2 𝑦 =

5) 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2 = 6) 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3 =

7) 5𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 − 6 = 8) 6 − 5𝑥 − 𝑥 2 =

9) 𝑥 3 − 36𝑥 = 10) 2𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 2 − 15𝑥 =

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 MINI TEST 1 - SECTIONS 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5

You’ve completed all the exercises in Sections 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5, well done!

The important question now is whether your brain has really learned the techniques covered so
far. To find out, use this mini-test in exam conditions then mark it yourself using the answers at the
back of the booklet and give yourself a score. You should aim for 13/13 of course but certainly
anything less than 8/13 should be a worry. Go back to the exercises containing the questions you
got wrong then try this test again in a few days’ time. If you feel you need help, follow the tips on
pages 3 and 4 of this booklet, or watch the video help again for more explanation.

Time: 30 minutes. No Calculator allowed. Good Luck!

FROM SECTION 1
1) Evaluate the following:
1 7
a) 81−4 b) 16−4

2) Write these in the form of 𝑎𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑏𝑥 𝑚 :

2𝑥−4 (𝑥 2 −3)
a) b)
3𝑥 2 √𝑥

3) Solve each of the following equations for 𝑥.

1 2
1
a) 𝑥 −2 = 5 b) 𝑥 3 = 25

FROM SECTION 2
4) Write the following as a single fraction
5 2𝑥 3 1
a) 𝑥 + 5 b) 2 ÷ 4 ÷ 3

5) Put the following into a single fraction and solve each of the following equations for 𝑥.
1 2√𝑥 + 4 1
3𝑥 −2 − =
5𝑥 √𝑥

FROM SECTION 3
6) Rationalise the denominators and then simplify to put the following in the form 𝑎√𝑏 or
𝑐 + 𝑎√𝑏

5
2 − √3

FROM SECTION 4
7) Expand the following brackets and collect like-terms:

(3𝑥 − 2)(2𝑥 + 1)(3𝑥 − 2)

FROM SECTION 5
8) Factorise the following completely:
a) 8𝑥𝑦 2 + 10𝑥 2 𝑦 b) 𝑥 3 − 36𝑥
Out of 13

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ANSWERS - SECTIONS 6, 7, & 8

SECTION 6 – QUADRATICS
EX 6A:
2) Discriminant = 0, repeated real roots 3) Discriminant = 52, two distinct real roots

4) Discriminant = − 36, no real roots 5) Discriminant = 25, two distinct real roots

6) Discriminant = −248, no real roots

EX 6B:
1
1) 𝑥 = −1, 𝑥 = −2 2) 𝑥 = 5, 𝑥 = 3 3) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 4 4) 𝑥 = − 2 , 𝑥 = −3

3 2 5 3
5) 𝑥 = 2 , 𝑥 = − 3 6) 𝑥 = 2 , 𝑥 = 2

EX 6C:
3+√17 3−√17 −9+√101 −9−√101
1) 𝑥 = , 𝑥= 2) 𝑥 = −3 + √3, 𝑥 = −3 − √3 3) 𝑥 = ,𝑥 =
2 2 10 10

3+3√17 3−3√17 8+2√10 8−2√10 11+√337 11−√337

4) 𝑥 = 4
, 𝑥= 4
5) 𝑥 = 3
, 𝑥= 3
6) 𝑥 = 6
, 𝑥= 6

EX 6D:
3+√17 3−√17 −9+√101 −9−√101
1) 2
, 𝑥= 2
2) 𝑥 = −3 + √3, 𝑥 = −3 − √3 3) 𝑥 = 10
,𝑥 = 10

3+3√17 3−3√17 8+2√10 8−2√10 11+√337 11−√337

4) 𝑥 = 4
, 𝑥= 4
5) 𝑥 = 3
, 𝑥= 3
6) 𝑥 = 6
, 𝑥= 6

SECTION 7 – LINE GEOMETRY

EX 7A:
1 11
1) 𝑚 = − 2) 𝑚 = −2 3) 𝑚 =
3 7

EX 7B:
1) 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2 = 0 2) 4𝑥 − 𝑦 − 23 = 0 3) 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 2 = 0 4) 8𝑥 + 𝑦 + 33 = 0

SECTION 8 – GCSE STATISTICS REVISION

EX 8A:
1) 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒 = 9, 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 9.5 , 𝑄1 = 2.5, 𝑄2 = 6, 𝑄3 = 9

2) 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒 = 𝑛𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒, 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 39.3 , 𝑄1 = 9 , 𝑄2 = 44, 𝑄3 = 76

3) 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒 = 86, 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 143.8 , 𝑄1 = 86, 𝑄2 = 87, 𝑄3 = 94

EX 8B:
1) 𝑥̅ = 34.5 2) 𝑥̅ = 345.1 3) 𝑥̅ = 82.3

MINI TEST 2 - SECTIONS 6, 7, & 8 ANSWERS

1) a) 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 0, 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 b) 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 52, 2 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠
1 3 2
2) a) 𝑥 = − , 𝑥 = −3 b) 𝑥 = , 𝑥 = −
2 2 3

3+3√17 3−3√17 8+2√10 8−2√10

3) a) 𝑥 = 4
, 𝑥= 4
b) 𝑥 = 3
, 𝑥= 3

3+√17 3−√17
4) a) 2
, 𝑥= 2
b) 𝑥 = −3 + √3, 𝑥 = −3 − √3

- 20 -
 11
5) a) 𝑚 = −2 b) 𝑚 = 7

6) a) 4𝑥 − 𝑦 − 23 = 0 b) 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 2 = 0

7) 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒 = 𝑛𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒, 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 39.3 , 𝑄1 = 9 , 𝑄2 = 44, 𝑄3 = 76

8) 𝑥̅ = 345.1

- 21 -
SECTION 6 – QUADRATICS
You should already know what a quadratic is, but in order to start A Level you need to REALLY understand
how to manipulate and interpret quadratics. That’s why this time, we’ve made videos for each exercise to
help out!

EXERCISE 6A – FINDING THE DISCRIMINANT

Write down the discriminant of each of these quadratics, and state whether each equation has one
repeated real root, two distinct real roots, or no real roots

Need help? or type ‘COSBICMATHS HELP EX6A’ into Youtube

Quadratic Discriminant Number of roots (circle)

1) EXAMPLE (8)2 − 4(1)(7) = 36 Repeated real roots

𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 7 = 0 >0
Two distinct real roots

No real roots
√

2) 4𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 + 2 = 0 Repeated real roots

Two distinct real roots

No real roots

3) 4𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 = −3 Repeated real roots

Two distinct real roots

No real roots

4) 2𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 + 5 Repeated real roots

Two distinct real roots

No real roots

5) −5𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 = 0 Repeated real roots

Two distinct real roots

No real roots

6) −2𝑥 + 9𝑥 2 = −7 Repeated real roots

Two distinct real roots

No real roots

- 22 -
EXERCISE 6B – SOLVING QUADRATICS THROUGH FACTORISING
Solve the following quadratics by factorising

Need help? or type ‘COSBICMATHS HELP EX6B’ into Youtube

1) 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2 = 0 2) 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 15 = 0

3) 𝑥 2 = 4𝑥 4) 2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 3 = 0

5) 6𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 6 = 0 6) 4𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 15 = 0

- 23 -
EXERCISE 6C – SOLVING QUADRATICS BY COMPLETING THE SQUARE
Solve the following quadratics by Completing the Square i.e. writing the quadratic in
(𝑥 + 𝑝)2 + 𝑞 = 0 form and solving for x

Need help? or type ‘COSBICMATHS HELP EX6C’ into Youtube

1) 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 2 = 0 2) 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 6 = 0

3) 5𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 1 = 0 4) 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 18 = 0

5) 3𝑥 2 + 8 = 16𝑥 6) 2𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 = 5𝑥 2 − 18

- 24 -
EXERCISE 6D – SOLVING QUADRATICS USING THE QUADRATIC FORMULA
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
Solve the same quadratics as in EX 6C, but this time using the quadratic formula 𝑥 = 2𝑎

Need help? or type ‘COSBICMATHS HELP EX6D’ into Youtube

1) 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 2 = 0 2) 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 6 = 0

3) 5𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 1 = 0 4) 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 18 = 0

5) 3𝑥 2 + 8 = 16𝑥 6) 2𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 = 5𝑥 2 − 18

- 25 -
SECTION 7 – LINE GEOMETRY
We know that you will have seen a straight line equation being represented as 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. We are going to
expand on this knowledge and generate a new formula 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ).

EXERCISE 7A – THE GRADIENT BETWEEN POINTS

Work out the gradient of the line joining the following points:

Need help? or type ‘COSBICMATHS HELP EX7A’ into Youtube

1) (−2,7) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (4,5) 2) (2, −5) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (3, −7) 3) (−3, −1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (4,10)

𝑚= 𝑚= 𝑚=

EXERCISE 7B – LINE EQUATIONS

Using the formula 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ), write the following line equations passing through the two given
points in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 are integers

Need help? or type ‘COSBICMATHS HELP EX7B’ into Youtube

1) (0,2) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (3,5)

2) (5, −3) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (7,5)

- 26 -
3) (−4, −1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (6,4)

4) (−4, −1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−3, −9)

- 27 -
SECTION 8 – GCSE STATISTICS REVISION
The New A Level requires you to learn both Statistics and Mechanics. To get you back into the swing of
Stats, we will revise some work on averages here.

EXERCISE 8A – FINDING AVERAGES OF DISCRETE DATA

By listing the following numbers in ascending order, write down the mean, median (𝑄2 ) and upper and
lower quartiles (𝑄1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄3 ), and the mode.

Need help? or type ‘COSBICMATHS HELP EX8A’ into Youtube

1) 3, 7, 1, 40, 5, 9, 2, 9

Mode =

Mean =

𝑄2 =

𝑄1 =

𝑄3 =

2) 76, 56, 44, 77, 12, 1, 9

Mode =

Mean =

𝑄2 =

𝑄1 =

𝑄3 =

3) 101, 90, 91, 87, 86, 86, 86, 94, 104, 1000, 3, 20, 21

Mode =

Mean =

𝑄2 =

𝑄1 =

𝑄3 =

- 28 -
EXERCISE 8B – FINDING THE MEAN OF GROUPED DATA
Find the mean of the following grouped data:

Need help? or type ‘COSBICMATHS HELP EX8B’ into Youtube

1)
Length of Pine Frequency Mid value (𝑥) 𝑥𝑓
Cone (mm) (𝑓)
30 – 31 2
32 – 33 25
34 – 36 30
37 - 39 13

Mean 𝑥̅ =

2)
Weekly wage (£) Frequency Mid value (𝑥) 𝑥𝑓
(𝑓)
175 – 225 4
226 – 300 8
301 – 350 18
351 - 400 28
401 - 500 7

Mean 𝑥̅ =

- 29 -
3)
Noise (decibels) Frequency Mid value (𝑥) 𝑥𝑓
(𝑓)
65 – 69 1
70 – 74 4
75 – 79 6
80 – 84 6
85 - 89 8
90 – 94 4
95 - 99 1

Mean 𝑥̅ =

- 30 -
 MINI TEST 2 - SECTIONS 6, 7, & 8

You’ve completed all the exercises in Sections 6, 7, & 8, well done!

The important question now is whether your brain has really learned the techniques covered so
far. To find out, use this mini-test in exam conditions then mark it yourself using the answers at the
back of the booklet and give yourself a score. You should aim for 14/14 of course but certainly
anything less than 9/14 should be a worry. Go back to the exercises containing the questions you
got wrong then try this test again in a few days’ time. If you feel you need help, follow the tips on
pages 3 and 4 of this booklet, or watch the video help again for more explanation.

Time: 30 minutes. Are are allowed a calculator for this test. Good Luck!

FROM SECTION 6
1) Write down the discriminant of each of these quadratics, and state whether each equation
has one repeated real root, two distinct real roots, or no real roots
a) 4𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 + 2 = 0 b) 4𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 = −3

2) Solve the following quadratics by factorising

a) 2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 3 = 0 b) 6𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 6 = 0

3) Solve the following quadratics by Completing the Square

a) 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 18 = 0 b) 3𝑥 2 + 8 = 16𝑥

4) Solve the following quadratics using the quadratic formula

a) 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 2 = 0 b) 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 6 = 0

FROM SECTION 7
5) Work out the gradient of the line joining the following points:
a) (2, −5) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (3, −7) b) (−3, −1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (4,10)

6) Using the formula 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ), write the following line equations passing through the
two given points in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 are integers
a) (5, −3) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (7,5) b) (−4, −1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (6,4)

FROM SECTION 8
7) By listing the following numbers in ascending order, write down the mean, median (𝑄2 ) and
upper and lower quartiles (𝑄1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄3 ), and the mode.

76, 56, 44, 77, 12, 1, 9

8) Find the mean of the following grouped data:

Weekly wage (£) Frequency Mid value (𝑥) 𝑥𝑓
(𝑓)
175 – 225 4
226 – 300 8
301 – 350 18
351 – 400 28
401 – 500 7

Out of 14

- 31 -
ARE YOU READY FOR A1 MATHS TEST?
This is your last task of the single maths A level work. In order to be confident starting A1
maths you need to be confident with the techniques in this booklet. When you start the course we
will give you a test like this one to check that you are ready to start A1. Do this test in exam
conditions, write your answers on file paper, then mark it using the answers at the back of the
booklet; record your result on the front cover sheet. You should aim for over 80% (at least 15
answers completely correct) but certainly anything less than 60% should be a worry and you
should go back to the exercises containing the questions you got wrong then try this test again in a
few days’ time. In addition, attend the drop in help sessions 10 – 12 on 4th September, 5th
September, and 6th September in RM 43 (just ask reception if you’re not sure how to get to the
Maths office).

Time: 1 hour. Calculator

1) Evaluate the following:

1 3
1 −3 64 2
a) (27) b) (25)

2) Write these in the form of 𝑎𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑏𝑥 𝑚 :

3 4
√16𝑥 2 − √27𝑥 2 5𝑥 3 + √81𝑥2
a) b)
√𝑥 3𝑥

3) Solve the following equation for 𝑥:

3
2𝑥 −2 = 54

4) Write the following as a simplified, single fraction

4 2𝑥 𝑥 3
a) 𝑥−2 − 𝑥+1 b) 𝑥 2−1 + 𝑥+1

5) By rationalising the denominator, write the below in the form 𝑐 + 𝑎√𝑏:

2
√3 + 1

6) Expand the following brackets and collect like-terms:

(2𝑥 + 3)(3𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 2)

7) Fully factorise the following:

a) (36 − 4𝑥 2 ) b) 3𝑥 3 + 27𝑥 2 + 60𝑥

8) Consider the quadratic 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 12 = 0:

a) Write the value of the discriminant. What does this tell you about the number of solutions
you should expect?

b) Solve the equation, finding values of 𝑥 using:

i) Completing the square ii) Factorisation iii) The quadratic formula

9) Consider the points 𝐴(9, −1) and 𝐵(−2, −3)

a) Write down the gradient 𝑚 of the line passing through these two points
b) Hence, find the equation of the line passing through 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0
where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 are integers

- 32 -
10) Find the mean, mode, median and upper and lower quartiles of:

4, 7, 1, 0, 13, 15, 90, 12, 7

11) Find the mean of the following:

Length of oak Frequency

leaves (mm) (𝑓)
20 – 22 4
23 – 26 20
27 – 30 23
31 – 50 5

Out of 19

- 33 -
ANSWERS – ARE YOU READY FOR A1 TEST?
512
1) a) 3 b) 125

1 1 1
5
2) a) 4𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 6 b) 3 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 −2

1
3) 𝑥 = 9

−2𝑥 2 +8𝑥+4 4𝑥−3

4) a) (𝑥+1)(𝑥−2)
b) (𝑥+1)(𝑥−1)

5) −1 + √3

6) 6𝑥 3 + 19𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 − 6

7) a) (6 − 2𝑥)(6 + 2𝑥) b) 3𝑥(𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 + 4)

8) a) 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 64, 2 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 b) all 3 versions should give 𝑥 = 6, 𝑥 = −2

2
9) a) 𝑚 = 11 b) 2𝑥 − 11𝑦 − 29 = 0

10) 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒 = 7, 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 16.6, 𝑄1 = 4, 𝑄2 = 7, 𝑄3 = 13

11) 𝑥̅ = 27.5

- 34 -
 The following sections are for students who have opted to take
Double (Further) Maths. This work is compulsory for those
students. You are purposefully being introduced to maths you have
not studied before, and you will need to watch the videos to make
sense of what is going on. Everything you have learnt will be built
upon from your very first lesson, so that you can all hit the floor
running !

If you have not opted for Further Maths next year, but are thinking about
doing it, or want a taste of what the maths might be like, then why not
continue with this booklet and have a go? If you then decide that you like the
maths you are about to do, and want to enrol onto Further Maths, just tell
your enrolment interviewer that you have done all of this work, and would like
to sign up. If you would like more information about the course, you could
also e mail Scott at [email protected]. As long as you have met the entry
requirements for your Maths GCSE, there will be a space saved for you. See
you there ! :)

- 35 -
ANSWERS – SECTIONS 9, 10 (Further Maths)

SECTION 9 – COMPLEX NUMBERS

EX 9A:
1) a) 5 + 5𝑖 b) 2 + 𝑖 c) 4 + 2𝑖 d) 19 + 4𝑖
e) −5 − 𝑖 f) 1 + 14𝑖

1 𝑖
2) a) 17 + 11𝑖 b) 23 + 2𝑖 c) 12 − 2

EX 9B:
1) 𝑥 = 𝑖, 𝑥 = −𝑖 2) 𝑥 = 4𝑖, 𝑥 = −4𝑖
−5+√17𝑖 −5−√17𝑖
3) 𝑥 = −2 + √14𝑖, 𝑥 = −2 − √14𝑖 4) 𝑥 = 2
, 𝑥= 2
−3+3√11𝑖 −3−3√11𝑖 1+√55𝑖 1+√55𝑖
5) 𝑥 = 2
, 𝑥= 2
6) 𝑥 = 4
, 𝑥= 4

EX 9C:
−6+17𝑖 16+11𝑖 −2−23𝑖
2) 25
2) 13
3) 13

33−13𝑖 −19−33𝑖 5−3𝑖

4) 34
5) 29
6) 2

SECTION 10 – ROOTS OF POLYNOMIALS

EX 10A:
2) a) 5 b) 7 c) 7 d) 49 e) 25
5
f) 11 g) 20 h) 7

3) a) 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 10 = 0 b) 𝑥 2 − 70𝑥 + 9 = 0 c) 3𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 − 1 = 0
d) 9𝑥 2 − 70𝑥 + 1 = 0

4) 14𝑥 2 + 29𝑥 − 15 = 0

5) 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 13 = 0

6) a) 𝛽 = 1 + 2𝑖 b) b=-2, c=5

EX 10B:
5
1) a) -2 b) -5 c) -13 d) 13 e) 4
f) 169 g) 14

2) 𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 2 + 33𝑥 − 65 = 0

3) 𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1 = 0

4) a) 𝛽 = 2 + 3𝑖, 𝛾 = 1 b) k=13

- 36 -
SECTION 9 – COMPLEX NUMBERS
Complex numbers are a beautiful and ever expanding area of mathematics. They are solutions to
quadratics that have ‘no real roots’ (when the discriminant is less than 0). We will use them, manipulate
them and draw representations of them.

Watch these two videos to understand what complex numbers are

or type in to YouTube ‘Woo Complex Numbers’ and watch Introduction to Complex

Numbers 1 of 2 and 2 of 2

EXERCISE 9A – MANIPULATING COMPLEX NUMBERS

Watch the following video. You only need to watch the first 5 examples (up to 5:45), (make sure you take
notes) however you can watch the rest of the video for interest should you wish.

Or type in to YouTube ‘exam solutions complex numbers’ and watch ‘Complex Numbers; addition,
subtraction and multiplication’.

1) 𝑧1 = 2 + 5𝑖, 𝑧2 = 2 − 3𝑖, 𝑧3 = 4𝑖 − 3. Calculate the following

a) 𝑧1 + 3

b) 𝑧2 + 4𝑖

c) 𝑧1 + 𝑧2

d) 𝑧1 𝑧2

e) 𝑧3 − 𝑧1

f) 2𝑧1 + 𝑧3

2) 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦, 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑦𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℝ

a) (2 + 3𝑖)(5 − 2𝑖)

b) 4(2 − 𝑖) + 3(5 + 2𝑖)

7+2𝑖 5+3𝑖
c) 4
− 3

- 37 -
EXERCISE 9B – SOLVING EQUATIONS USING COMPLEX NUMBERS
Watch the following video (make sure you take notes) – only up to example 1 and 2 (you will learn how to
factorise cubics in your first year of A Level)

(YouTube: Exam solutions Complex Numbers: What are they? Imagine no more)
Solve the following equations, giving both complex solutions
1) 2)
𝑦 2 + 1 =0 𝑦 2 + 16 = 0

3) 4)
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 18 = 0 2𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 21 =0

5) 6)
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 = −27 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 = −7

- 38 -
EXERCISE 9C – COMPLEX CONJUGATES

The complex roots of a quadratic are known as complex conjugates.

For a complex number z = a +ib, its conjugate is z* = a-ib

(YouTube: exam solutions division of complex numbers).

You can use complex conjugates to divide complex numbers. Watch the video above (make sure you take
notes) then solve these questions:

1) 2)
2 + 3𝑖 5 − 2𝑖
3 − 4𝑖 2 − 3𝑖

3) 4)
5 − 4𝑖 6+𝑖
2 + 3𝑖 5 + 3𝑖

5) 6)
7−𝑖 3 + 5𝑖
5𝑖 − 2 2𝑖

- 39 -
SECTION 10 – ROOTS OF POLYNOMIALS (Further Maths)
Roots of polynomials takes your understanding of polynomials to expand and generalise. It is a good
opportunity for you to test your algebraic manipulation skills and ability to build on existing knowledge.

EXERCISE 10A – ROOTS OF QUADRATICS

Watch the following videos FIRST and take notes. The videos are here:

YouTube: Exam solutions roots of polynomials’ in YouTube - quadratic videos (1) and (2).
1) A quadratic equation 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 7 = 0 has roots 𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽. Find the value of the following:

a) 𝛼 + 𝛽

b) 𝛼𝛽

c) 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 2

d) 𝛼 2 𝛽 2

e) (𝛼 + 𝛽)2

f) 𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2

g) 𝛼 3 + 𝛽 3
1 1
h) +𝛽
𝛼

2) A quadratic equation 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 3 = 0 has roots 𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽. Find the new equation with roots

a) 𝛼 + 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽 + 1

b) 𝛼 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽 2

1 1
c) +𝛽
𝛼

1 1
d) + 𝛽2
𝛼2

- 40 -
 3 −5
3) A quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 has roots 𝛼 = 7 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽 = 2

Find integer values for a, b and c

4) A quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 has roots 𝛼 = 3 + 2𝑖 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽 = 3 − 2𝑖

Find integer values for a, b and c

5) A quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 has a root 𝛼 = 1 − 2𝑖

a) Find the other root 𝛽

b) Given that a = 1, find the values b and c.

- 41 -
EXERCISE 10B ROOTS OF CUBIC EQUATIONS

Watch the following video (make sure you take notes) then answer the following questions

Youtube: Exam solutions coefficients of cubic equations

1) A cubic equation 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 13 = 0 has roots 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾. Find the value of

a) 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾

b) 𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽𝛾 + 𝛼𝛾

c) 𝛼𝛽𝛾

1 1 1
d) +𝛽+𝛾
𝛼

e) (𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾)2

f) 𝛼 2 𝛽 2 𝛾 2

g) 𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 + 𝛾 2

2) A cubic equation 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑 = 0 has roots 2 + 3𝑖, 2 − 3𝑖 𝑎𝑛𝑑 5. Find the integer

values of a, b and c

- 42 -
3) A cubic equation 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 1 = 0 has roots 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾.
1 1 1
Find a new cubic equation with roots , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 . Give your answer in the form 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 +
𝛼 𝛽 𝛾
𝑑 = 0 where a, b, c and d are integers.

4) A cubic equation 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 17𝑥 − 𝑘 = 0 has a root 𝛼 at x=2-3i

a) Find the other complex root and the real root.

b) Hence find the value of k

- 43 -
RECREATIONAL MATHS (for fun!)

At Varndean we encourage students who are interested to do maths outside of the curriculum. We
enter individual students to the Maths Challenge, enter a Team in to the Senior Maths Team
Challenge and run maths clubs and events looking at maths in a broader sense.

Looking at these type of questions can also help students who are thinking about applying to
Oxbridge or other high achieving Universities where you may need to sit an entrance exam.

If you are interested in being part of Varndean Maths Club, being on the Varndean Maths Team or
just love a challenge, have a look at the questions below. They are taken from the 2017/18 Senior
Maths Team Challenge, but I have deliberately left out the answers to encourage you to take your
time at coming to the answers (you can of course type these papers into Google and you’ll find the
answers straight away. Try the questions first though before having a look!). All of the questions
can be solved using GCSE knowledge, but remember, they are meant to be tricky, so don’t get
disheartened if you can’t solve them all !

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In the following questions, your answer to the previous question is used in the subsequent
question.

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INTERESTED IN GOING TO OXFORD OR CAMBRIDGE (OR ANY OF
THE TOP RATED UNIVERSITIES)?
The following 2 questions are multiple choice questions from the Oxford Entrance Exam sample
materials. See how you get on!

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