Scribd
Upload
2 views

01 Introduction to SQL

The document provides an introduction to SQL and databases, explaining SQL's role in managing and manipulating relational databases. It outlines various types of databases, including centralized, distributed, personal, commercial, NoSQL, operational, relational, cloud, and object-oriented databases. Additionally, it describes the function of a Database Management System (DBMS) and the structure of tables, records, rows, and columns within a database.

Uploaded by

sagark290699
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

01 Introduction to SQL

The document provides an introduction to SQL and databases, explaining SQL's role in managing and manipulating relational databases. It outlines various types of databases, including centralized, distributed, personal, commercial, NoSQL, operational, relational, cloud, and object-oriented databases. Additionally, it describes the function of a Database Management System (DBMS) and the structure of tables, records, rows, and columns within a database.

Uploaded by

sagark290699
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Introduction To SQL

What is SQL? Why SQL?


● SQL stands for Structured Query Language SQL helps to perform below tasks
● It is a query language
● It helps in manipulation and accessing database ● Execute queries against a database
● It helps to manage data in relational database ● Retrieve data from a database
management systems ● Insert records in a database
● It became the standard of ANSI in 1986 and ISO ● Update records in a database
in 1987 ● Delete records from a database
● Create database
● Create table
● Set permissions on tables
Introduction To Database
What is a database? Types of databases
● A database is an organized collection of ● Centralised Database
structured information, or data, typically stored ● Distributed Database
electronically in a computer system ● Personal Database
● A database is controlled by a DBMS (Database ● End-User Database
Management System) ● Commercial Database
● NoSQL Database
● Operational Database
● Relational Database
● Cloud Database
● Object Oriented Database
Types Of Databases
Centralised Database Distributed Database
● Data is stored at a centralised location ● Data is distributed at various locations
● Users from different locations can access the ● Connected to each other with the help of
data communication links
● Types
● Contains application procedures that help the
○ Homogenous
users to access the data even from a remote
○ Heterogenous
location ● Homogenous: All the sites use identical DBMS
● Authentication procedures are applied for the and operating systems
verification and validation of end users ● Heterogenous: All the sites use different DBMS
and operating systems
Types Of Databases
Personal Database End User Database
● Data is collected and stored on personal ● Not concerned about the operations at various
computers levels
● Small and easily manageable ● Only related to the product which may be a
● Generally used by the same department of an software or an application
organisation ● Shared database designed for end users
● Accessed by a small group of people
Types Of Databases
Commercial Database Nosql Database
● Paid version of the huge database ● Used for large sets of distributed data
● Designed for users who want to access the ● There are very efficient in analyzing large size
information for help unstructured data that may be stored at multiple
● These databases are subject specific virtual servers of the cloud
● Access is provided through commercial links
Types Of Databases
Operational Database Relational Database
● Information related to operations of an ● Made up of a set of tables with data that fits into
enterprise is stored inside this database a predefined category
● Functional lines like marketing, employee ● The Structured Query Language (SQL) is the
relations, customer service etc. require such standard user and application program interface
kind of databases for a relational database
● There are various simple operations that can be
applied over the table which makes these
databases easier to extend, join two databases
with a common relation and modify all existing
applications
Types Of Databases
Cloud Database Object Oriented Database
● Database that has been optimized or built for ● Collection of object oriented programming and
cloud environment relational database
● Benefits ● An object-oriented database is organized around
○ Ability to pay for storage capacity and objects rather than actions, and data rather than
bandwidth on a per user basis logic.
○ Provide scalability on demand ● For example, a multimedia record in a relational
database can be a definable data object, as
opposed to an alphanumeric value.
What Is A DBMS?
● DBMS serves as an interface between the database and its end users or programs
● DBMS allow users to retrieve, update, and manage how the information is organized and optimized
● DBMS also facilitates oversight and control of databases, enabling a variety of administrative operations such as
performance monitoring, tuning, and backup and recovery

API
DATABASE DBMS USER
What Is A Table, Record, Row, Column
Table

● Tables are database objects that contain all the data in a database
● In tables, data is logically organized in a row-and-column format similar to a spreadsheet
● Each row represents a unique record
● Each column represents a field in the record

Record

● A record is a collection of data relating to a single unit

Row

● A row represents a single data item in a table. It is also known as tuple

Column

● A column is a collection of cells aligned vertically in a table. It is also known as fields.

You might also like