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Microprocessor - 8085 Architecture

The 8085 microprocessor, designed by Intel in 1977, is an 8-bit processor with a 16-bit address bus capable of addressing up to 64KB of memory. It includes various functional units such as an accumulator, arithmetic and logic unit, general purpose registers, program counter, stack pointer, and interrupt control, among others. The microprocessor is widely used in devices like washing machines and mobile phones, operating at a clock speed of 3.2 MHz with a +5V supply.

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Mudasir Rather
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2 views

Microprocessor - 8085 Architecture

The 8085 microprocessor, designed by Intel in 1977, is an 8-bit processor with a 16-bit address bus capable of addressing up to 64KB of memory. It includes various functional units such as an accumulator, arithmetic and logic unit, general purpose registers, program counter, stack pointer, and interrupt control, among others. The microprocessor is widely used in devices like washing machines and mobile phones, operating at a clock speed of 3.2 MHz with a +5V supply.

Uploaded by

Mudasir Rather
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Microprocessor - 8085 Architecture

8085 is pronounced as "eighty-eighty-five" microprocessor. It is an 8-bit microprocessor designed by


Intel in 1977 using NMOS technology.

It has the following configuration −

8-bit data bus

16-bit address bus, which can address upto 64KB


A 16-bit program counter

A 16-bit stack pointer

Six 8-bit registers arranged in pairs: BC, DE, HL

Requires +5V supply to operate at 3.2 MHZ single phase clock

It is used in washing machines, microwave ovens, mobile phones, etc.

8085 Microprocessor – Functional Units


8085 consists of the following functional units −

Accumulator
It is an 8-bit register used to perform arithmetic, logical, I/O & LOAD/STORE operations. It is connected
to internal data bus & ALU.

Arithmetic and logic unit


As the name suggests, it performs arithmetic and logical operations like Addition, Subtraction, AND, OR,
etc. on 8-bit data.

General purpose register


There are 6 general purpose registers in 8085 processor, i.e. B, C, D, E, H & L. Each register can hold 8-bit
data.

These registers can work in pair to hold 16-bit data and their pairing combination is like B-C, D-E & H-L.

Program counter
It is a 16-bit register used to store the memory address location of the next instruction to be executed.
Microprocessor increments the program whenever an instruction is being executed, so that the program
counter points to the memory address of the next instruction that is going to be executed.

Stack pointer
It is also a 16-bit register works like stack, which is always incremented/decremented by 2 during push
& pop operations.

Temporary register
It is an 8-bit register, which holds the temporary data of arithmetic and logical operations.

Flag register
It is an 8-bit register having five 1-bit flip-flops, which holds either 0 or 1 depending upon the result
stored in the accumulator.

These are the set of 5 flip-flops −

Sign (S)
Zero (Z)

Auxiliary Carry (AC)


Parity (P)

Carry (C)

Its bit position is shown in the following table −

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

S Z AC P CY

Instruction register and decoder


It is an 8-bit register. When an instruction is fetched from memory then it is stored in the Instruction
register. Instruction decoder decodes the information present in the Instruction register.

Timing and control unit


It provides timing and control signal to the microprocessor to perform operations. Following are the
timing and control signals, which control external and internal circuits −

Control Signals: READY, RD’, WR’, ALE


Status Signals: S0, S1, IO/M’
DMA Signals: HOLD, HLDA

RESET Signals: RESET IN, RESET OUT

Interrupt control
As the name suggests it controls the interrupts during a process. When a microprocessor is executing a
main program and whenever an interrupt occurs, the microprocessor shifts the control from the main
program to process the incoming request. After the request is completed, the control goes back to the
main program.

There are 5 interrupt signals in 8085 microprocessor: INTR, RST 7.5, RST 6.5, RST 5.5, TRAP.

Serial Input/output control


It controls the serial data communication by using these two instructions: SID (Serial input data) and
SOD (Serial output data).

Address buffer and address-data buffer


The content stored in the stack pointer and program counter is loaded into the address buffer and
address-data buffer to communicate with the CPU. The memory and I/O chips are connected to these
buses; the CPU can exchange the desired data with the memory and I/O chips.

Address bus and data bus


Data bus carries the data to be stored. It is bidirectional, whereas address bus carries the location to
where it should be stored and it is unidirectional. It is used to transfer the data & Address I/O devices.

8085 Architecture
We have tried to depict the architecture of 8085 with this following image −

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