1- CPS architecture consists of three main components: identification, the integration of sensors

and actuators, and the development of sensors and actuators.

o TRUE
o FALSE
Components →

2- What challenges are facing industry 4.0?

o Security
o Capital
o Services
o Employment
o Compatibility

3- What it is now the best time to have IOT?

o It became simpler for iot hardware and software to connect all types of devices to the
internet
o Iot network capabilities have been expanded
o A large-scale data analytics tools has been produced to mange and analyze data from
o Cloud growth has significantly contributed in making the modern iot possible
o All the above are true drivers
o All the above are true drivers except {d}

4- Which of the following are challenges facing industry 4.0?

o Security
o Require a huge investment
o Employment
o Privacy
o All the above
o All the above except {c}
5- Which type of sensors that automatically generate information about the soil humidity status to
ensure that crops get exactly the
o Moisture sensors
o Co2 sensors
o Light sensor
o Smoke sensor

6- Controllers and sensors are considered components in robotics?

o True
o False

7- Manufacturing and optimizing the supply chain in real time is a key advantage of big data
o True
o False

8- Smart Farming is considered the most popular application in Iot?

o True
o False

9- GPU computing is used as the main processor to accelerate CPUs for general-purpose scientific
and engineering co
o True
o False
10- Machine learning is based on deep neural network
o True
o False

11- What best describes a robot? * you are supposed to answer this question according to your
understanding, it’s not on the slides.
o The study of mathematics, calculations, science and technology that applies laws
creations
o The branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, and
application
o System that contains sensors, control systems, manipulators, power supplies and
software
o System that contains nice stuff that makes really cool things

12- Deep Learning is the ability of devices to learn without programming

o True
o False

13- Robots use ultrasound, radar and infrared sensors to see distance * the answer was found
online not on the slides.
o True
o False

14- Internet of services (ios) aims to create a wrapper that simplifes all connected devices to make
the most out of them by simplifying the process
o True
o False

15- Decentralization is one of the design principles for industry 4.0

o True
o False
16- All the following are means to connect sensors to the cloud except
o Cellular
o Router
o Satellite
o Wifi
o Ethernet

17- What are the benefits of robots in transport? **

o Reduce costs of travel
o NO need to pay drivers
o More frequent travel
o A lot safer
o All the answers are correct

18- The first made robots were developed to work in factories? * not from the slides but from
google*
o True
o False

19- Smart driving concept belongs to the which category? **

o Smart city
o Smart home
o Smart government
o Smart factory

20- New business models, based on platforms and developing abilities to offer new services, rather
than simply delivering products, will change the ways that manufacturing companies operate.
o True
o False
21- All the following are advantages of iot except:
o Better access to information
o Better data collection
o Better communication
o Better security
o Better automation
o Save time

22- How do robots know their surrounding?

o Sensors
o Eyes
o Microphones
o They don’t

23- All the following are definiens of internet of things (IOT):

o A system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects
(Things) that human or human-to-computer interaction
o An interconnected web of sensor enabled devices that communications between each
other and a series of intermediary collection points.
o A system of capturing, transmitting, managing, and analyzing data in order to monitor
events, identify relationships, predict outcomes and improve performances.
o All the above
o All the above except (b)

24- Robotics are characterized by three central capabilities except

o The ability to sense
o The ability to plan
o The ability to socialize
o The ability to Act
25- Which of the following is an objective(s) for Industry 4.0
o Increase efficiency
o Decrease complexity
o Enable self-controlling
o All the above

26- Steam and Hydropower is from which industry revolution?

o Industry 1.0
o Industry 2.0
o Industry 3.0
o Industry 4.0

27- Sensors are one of the main components of IoT

o True
o False

28- One of the disadvantages of robotics is its ability to perform the same task on the same way
every time
o True
o False

29- _______ seeks to monitor the status of old people at home with ease.
o Smart healthcare
 o Smart home
o Smart city
o Smart government

30- ________ Revolution developed the physical, digital, and biological domains based on Cyber-
Physical System.
o Industry 1.0
o Industry 2.0
o Industry 3.0
o Industry 4.0

31- which of the following is not an advantage of robots

o They can be used in dangerous environments
o They can replace jobs
o They can assist humans with disabilities
o They don’t get ties or require a break

32- state which of the following are disadvantages of artificial intelligence? (choose all that apply)
o High cost
o Decreasing mistakes or errors while producing results
o Doing repetitive jobs
o Human creativity and imagination is difficult to be replicate
o Humans can become dependent and addicted on machines to perform tasks

33- the IoT concept defines a new way of organizing factories, aiming to better serve customers
through greater flexibility of production and resource optimization.
o True
 o False

34- what are the 6 design principles of industry 4.0?

o Interoperability, real time capability, visualization, service orientation, decentralization,
modularity
o Interoperability, real time capability, visualization, service orientation, centralization,
decisions
o Interoperability, real time capability, visualization, service orientation, decentralization,
prediction
o Interoperability, real time capability, visualization, service orientation, centralization,
data

AI R
35- Match Artificial Intelligence and Robots to their corresponding characteristics:
➢ Programmed to think AI
➢ Only as smart as programmed R
➢ Learn AI
➢ Programmed to do R
➢ Social interaction AI
➢ Low level interaction R
 FIR MID-TERM

1. The first made Robots were developed to work in factories.

True

False

2. A controller and Sensors are considered components in Robotics.

True

False

3. Robots use ultrasound, radar and infrared sensors to see distance.

True

False

4. Actuators in the robot are the muscles of the manipulators.

True

False

5. Internet of Services (loS) aims to create a wrapper that simplifies all connected by simplifying
the process.

True

False

6. Deep Learning is the ability of devices to learn without programming?

True

False

7. Decentralization is one of the design principles for Industry 4.0. Sensors are one of the main
components of loT.

True

False
8. AGI is the most common technology that can be found in many aspects of our daily life.

True

False

9. Sensors are one of the main components of loT.

True

False

10. CPS architecture consists of three main components: Identification, the integration of Sensors
and Actuators, and the development of Sensors and Actuators.

True

False

11. Smart Farming is considered the most popular application in loT.

True

False

12. SALIK in Dubai is an Example of RFID.

True

False

13. GPU computing is used as the main processor to accelerate CPUs for general-purpose scientific
and engineering computing.

True

False

14. IoT gives the connected technology, products, or services an active engagement between each
other.

True

False
15. One of the disadvantages of Robotics is its ability to perform the same task on the same way
every time.

True

False

16. Robots play a vital role in the domains of ______

Safety

Security

Health

All of the above

17. Which one of the following is not a key principle of industry 4.0?

Virtualization

Centralization

Service-Orientation

Real-Time Capability

18. Select the item that is considered a component of IoT:

Artificial Intelligence

Hard Disk

Database

Cloud Computing

19. Smart-Driving concept belongs to which category:

Smart City

Smart Home

Smart Government

Smart Factory
20. Which one of the following is an objective of Industry 4.0?

Increase Complexity

Increase Efficiency

Disable Self-Controlling

Increase Centralization

21. Which one of the following is a method to connect sensors to the cloud?

Cellular

Satellite

Wi-Fi

All the above answers are correct

22. Robotics are characterized by three central capabilities except:

the ability to Sense

the ability to Plan

the ability to Socialize

the ability to Act

23. ______ characterized by three central capabilities: the ability to Sense, the ability to Plan, and
the ability to Act.

ΑΙ

Robot

Actuator

Server

24. ______ seeks to monitor the status of old people at home with ease.

Smart Healthcare

Smart Home

Smart City

Smart Government
25. What is the name of the information sent from robot sensors to robot controllers?

temperature

pressure

feedback

drive

26. Which one of the following options is NOT an advantage of using robots?

Accuracy

Expense

Reliability

Consistency

27. ______ are machines that simulate intelligent behaviour?

Robots

Al

loT

None of the above

28. The type of sensor that generates information automatically about soil humidity status to
ensure crops get the right amount of water is:

Moisture Sensor

CO2 Sensor

Light Sensor

Smoke Sensor

29. Which of the following is an advantage of Industry 4.0?

Improved productivity and efficiency

Low cost of implementation

Creating more vacancies for workers

No risk of hacking into the internal network

30. How do Robots know their surroundings?

Sensors

Eyes

Microphones

They don't

31. Which Industrial Revolution Do Steam and Hydropower belong to?

Industry 1.0

Industry 2.0

Industry 3.0

Industry 4.0

32. ______ Revolution developed the physical, digital, and biological domains based on Cyber-
Physical Systems.

Industry 1.0

Industry 2.0

Industry 3.0

Industry 4.0

33. Which of the following is a disadvantage of loT?

Improved Customer Engagement

Security

Reduced Waste

Enhanced Data Collection

34. Which one of the following is an advantage of loT?

Security

Cost Effective

Complexity

Compatibility
35. What are the benefits of robots in transportation?

Reduce costs of travel

No need to pay drivers

More frequent travel

A lot safer

All the answers are correct.

36. Which of the following terms is NOT one of the five basic parts of a robot?

peripheral tools

end effectors

controller

drive

37. One of the following is an Artificial Intelligence challenge:

Expense and high cost

Speed of computations

Handle difficult exploration and tasks

Error Reduction

38. Which one of the industrial revolutions used electric energy to create mass production for the
first time?

1st Industrial Revolution

2nd Industrial Revolution

3rd Industrial Revolution

4th Industrial Revolution

39. What is Artificial intelligence?

Putting your intelligence into Computer

Programming with your own intelligence

Machines that can simulate human intelligence

Playing a Game
40. In the Digital Age (3rd Industrial Revolution), all major inventions changed production and
paved the way to automation Except:

Process Automation

Model Control Systems

Robots

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

41. Which one of the following is NOT a robot component?

Cloud

The Controller

The Sensors

Locomotion

42. What is a Smart Factory?

Robots which will replace people

Factories and logistic systems will operate and organize themselves without human interaction

Factories and logistic systems will organize themselves by human interaction

All of the above

43. What are the 6 design principles of Industry 4.0?

Interoperability, real time capability, visualization, service orientation, decentralization, modularity

Interoperability, real time capability, visualization, service orientation, centralization, decisions

Interoperability, real time capability, visualization, service orientation, decentralization, prediction

Interoperability, real time capability, visualization, service orientation, centralization, data

44. Which of the following is not an advantage of Robots?

They can be used in dangerous environments

They can replace jobs

They can assist humans with disabilities

45. They don't get tired or require breaks is a physical and engineered system whose operations
are monitored, coordinated, controlled and integrated by a computing and communication core.

CPS

GPU

RFID

Internet

46. What is the goal of Artificial Intelligence?

To solve real-world problems

To solve artificial problems

To solve various sorts of intelligence problems as a human

To extract scientific causes

47. A network of physical objects or things embedded with electronics or software.

AI

loT

los

ML
Optimization is one of the challenges

Ans. False
Ability of objects

Ans. Interoperability
One of the design
Ans. Virtualization
Advantages of artificial intelligence
Actuators in the robot are the muscles
of the manipulators
Ans. True
• New way of organizing
• Ans. True
Data Security
Ans. True
Store large amounts
Ans. False
Deep learning is the
ability
Ans. False
Data security
Ans. true
Step2
Ans. Data sensing and
collecting
Smart factory
Ans. By human
interaction
Select the item that is
Ans. Cloud computing
What is the name
Ans. Industrial robot
The locomotion device
Ans. False
Natural Language
Ans. True
The fourth industrial
Ans. True
Which of the following is not an
advantages
Ans. They can replace
jobs
What is the goals of artificial
intelligent
Ans. To solve various
sorts
Cyber physical system
Ans. True
Which of the following application
areas
Ans. Smart city
Select all the key robotic
skills
Which of the following is
an advantage of industry
4.0 ?
Ans. Improved
productivity and
efficiency
Which of the following options is
not an advantage of using robots?
Ans. Expense
 Some of the advantages of using
robots

Some of the advantages of using

Not sure 100%

What is the name for information
sent from robot sensors to robot
controllers?
Ans. Feedback
The type of sensor that generates
information automatically about
soil
Ans. Moisture
sensor
Seeks to monitor the status of old
Ans. Smart
healthcare
Which of the following is an
objective for industry 4.0?
Ans. Increase
efficiency
Artificial challenge
Ans. Expensive and
high cost
Is physical and engineered system
Ans. CPS
The robot that enables some
Ans. BCI
Steam and
hydropower

Ans. Industry 1.0

Used electric energy to
create mass
Apple siri
Kanban and Andon
A technique that
teaches
The ability to connect
sensors
Iot enables objects
Robots have
advantages
Artificial Intelligence
(AI) has the following
characteristics
Sensors are one of
the
What is Artificial
Intelligence
Revolution
developed the
physical
In the digital age
A method to connect
Controller and
sensors
Decoupling is a
technique
A network of physical
The IoT enables
mobile phones and
sensors
A technique that
teaches computers
IoT enables objects
and machines
Robots have
advantages
Which of the
following is not a
robot component
Which of the
following is a
disadvantage of IoT
Internet of
service(Ios) aims to
create
System of
interrelated
computing
Which of the
following are
components of the
IOT system
Choose all challenges
in robotics
Q1: Which of the following is an objective(s) for industry 4.0? (Ch1-Industry 4.0)

a) Increase Efficiency
b) Decrease Complexity
c) Enable Self-Controlling
d) All the above

Q2: How do Robots know their surroundings? (Ch3-Robotics)

a) Sensors
b) Eyes
c) Microphones
d) They don’t

Q3: Steam and Hydropower is from which industry revolution? (Ch1-Industry 4.0)

a) Industry 1.0
b) Industry 2.0
c) Industry 3.0
d) Industry 4.0

Q4: All of the following are means to connect sensors to the cloud except: (Ch4-IoT)

a) Cellular
b) Router
c) Satellite
d) Wi-Fi
e) Ethernet

Q5: Which type of sensors that automatically generate information about the soil humidity status to
ensure that crops get exactly the right amount of water? (Ch4-IoT)

a) Moisture Sensor
b) CO2 Sensor
c) Light Sensor
d) Smoke Sensor
Q6: Robotics are characterized by three central capabilities except: (Ch3-Robotics)

a) The ability to sense

b) The ability to plan
c) The ability to socialize
d) The ability to act

Q7: Match Artificial intelligence and Robots to their corresponding characteristics: (Ch2-AI)

Artificial intelligence Robots

Programmed to think Only as smart as programed
Learn Programmed to do
Social Interaction Low level interaction

Q8: ______ Revolution across the physical, digital, and biological domains based on cyber-physical
systems. (Ch1-Industry 4.0)

a) Industry 1.0
b) Industry 2.0
c) Industry 3.0
d) Industry 4.0

Q9: What are the 6 design principles of industry 4.0? (Ch1-Industry 4.0)

a) Interoperability, Real-Time Capability, Virtualization, Service-Orientation, Decentralization,

Modularity
b) Interoperability, Real-Time Capability, Virtualization, Service-Orientation, Centralization,
Decisions
c) Interoperability, Real-Time Capability, Virtualization, Service-Orientation, Decentralization,
prediction
d) Interoperability, Real-Time Capability, Virtualization, Service-Orientation, Centralization, Data

Q10: What are the benefits of robots in transport. (Ch3-Robotics)

a) Reduce costs of travel.

b) No need to pay drivers.
c) More frequent travel.
d) A lot safer.
e) All the answers are correct.
Q11: All of the following are definitions of internet of things (IoT)? (Ch4-IoT)

a) a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects (Things)
that are able to transfer data over a network (Internet) without requiring human-to-human or
human-to-computer interaction.
b) an interconnected web of sensor enabled devices that communication between each other and
a series of intermediary collection points.
c) a system of capturing, transmitting, managing and analyzing data in order to monitor events,
identify relationships, predict outcomes and improve performances.
d) All the above are definitions of IoT.
e) All the above are definitions of IoT {(a) to (c)} except (b)

Q12: Which of the following are challenges facing industry 4.0? (Ch1-Industry 4.0)

a) Security
b) Require a huge investment
c) Employment
d) Privacy
e) All the above are are challenges facing industry 4.0
f) All the above are are challenges of industry 4.0 {(a) to (d)} except (c)

Q13: What best describes a Robot? (Ch3-Robotics)

a) The study of mathematics, calculations, science and technology that applies laws created by
Asimov.
b) The branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of
robots.
c) System that contains sensors, control systems manipulators, power supplies and software all
working together to perform a task.
d) System that contains nice stuff that makes really cool things.

Q14: Which of the following is NOT an advantage of Robots? (Ch3-Robotics)

a) They can be used in dangerous environments

b) They can replace jobs
c) They can assist humans with disabilities
d) The don’t get tired or require a break
Q15: ______ seeks to monitor the status of old people at home with ease. (Ch4-IoT)

a) Smart Healthcare
b) Smart Home
c) Smart City
d) Smart Government

Q16: Smart-Driving concept belongs to which category: (Ch4-IoT)

a) Smart City
b) Smart Home
c) Smart Government
d) Smart Factory

Q17: Why it is now the best time to have IoT? (Ch4-IoT)

a) It became simpler for IoT hardware and software to connect all types of devices to the Internet.
b) IoT network capabilities have been expanded.
c) A large-scale data analytics tools has been produced to manage and analyze data from IoT
devices.
d) Cloud growth has significantly contributed in making the modern IoT possible.
e) All the above are true drivers.
f) All the above are true drivers {(a) to (d)} except (d).

Q18: What challenges are facing Industry 4.0? (Choose all that apply) (Ch1-Industry 4.0)
a) Security
b) Capital
c) Services
d) Employment
e) Compatibility

Q19: State which of the following are disadvantages of Artificial intelligence? (Choose all that apply)
(Ch2-AI)
a) Humans can become too dependent i.e., we depend on machines to form everyday tasks.
b) Human creativity and imagination is difficult to be replicate
c) Decreasing mistakes or errors while producing results.
d) Doing repetitive jobs
e) High cost
Q20: All the following are advantages of IoT except: (Ch4-IoT)

a) Better access to information

b) Better data collection
c) Better communication
d) Better security
e) Better automation
f) Save time

TRUE / FALSE QUESTIONS

Q21: GPU computing is used as the main processor to accelerate CPUs for general-purpose scientific
and engineering computing. (Ch2-AI)

a) True
b) False (Co-processor NOT main processor)

Q22: Smart farming is considered the most popular application in IoT. (Ch1-Industry 4.0)

a) True
b) False (less popular)

Q23: Decentralisation is one of the design principles for industry 4.0? (Ch1-Industry 4.0)

a) True
b) False

Q24: The IoT concept defines a new way of organizing factories, aiming to better serve customers
through greater flexibility of production and resource optimization. (Ch1-Industry 4.0)

a) True
b) False (this is “Industry 4.0” definition)
Q25: One of the advantages of Robotics is its ability to perform the same task on the same way every
time. (Ch3-Robotics)

a) True
b) False

Q26: Controller and sensors are considered components in Robotics. (Ch3-Robotics)

a) True
b) False

Q27: CPS architecture consists of three main components: Identification, the integration of sensors and
actuators, and the development of sensors and actuators? (Ch1-Industry 4.0)

a) True
b) False

Q28: Machine learning is based on deep neural network. (Ch2-AI)

a) True
b) False (this is “deep learning” definition)

Q29: Internet of services (IoS) aims to create a wrapper that simplifies all connected devices to make
the most out of them by simplifying the process. (Ch4-IoT)

a) True
b) False

Q30: New Business models, based on platforms and developing abilities to offer new services rather
than simply delivering services, will change the ways manufacturing companies operate. (Ch1-Industry 4.0)

a) True
b) False

Q31: Manufacturing and optimizing of the supply chain in real-time is a key advantage of “big data”.
(Ch1-Industry 4.0)
a) True
b) False (this is “Industry 4.0” key advantage)
Q32: Robots use ultrasound, radar and infrared sensor to see distance. (Ch3-Robotics)

a) True
b) False

Q33: Sensors are one of the main components of IoT. (Ch4-IoT)

a) True
b) False

Q34: The first made Robots were developed to work in factories. (Ch3-Robotics)

a) True
b) False

Q35: Deep learning is the ability of devices to learn without programming. (Ch2-AI)

a) True
b) False (this is “Machine learning” definition)
 Fourth Industrial Revolution:
Midterm Study Sheet

Topics on Exams:
1. Introduction to industry 4.0
2. Artificial Intelligence
3. Robotics
4. Internet of Things

CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Industry 4.0:

Introduction:
- The 4th industrial revolution represents a fundamental change in the way we live, work,
relate to one another.

- New chapter in human development

Fusing Technologies:
- Advanced robots would not exist without new approaches made to artificial intelligence

- The digital and physical worlds also collide infields such as;
- Autonomous vehicles
- 3D printing

- Advances in sensors are enabling robots and systems to understand and respond better
to their environments

- Systems can now access information remotely via cloud

- More generations = internet of things

- New materials are now routinely being used in medical implants:

1. Tissue engineering
2. Creation of artificial organs
3. 3D printing

- Digitals systems world will have widespread impact in the real world
- Example: Blockchain, even though it is best known as the
framework for the virtual currency, it can provide new ways to
manage land records and track deforestation.

- Widely-accessible and affordable gene sequencing and editing systems such as;
 - CRISPR/Cas9
- Make it possible to reliably and precisely remove or replace sequences in the
genome of plants and animals.

- The biological and digital worlds are also overlapping in the form of sensors used to
monitor personal health and behavior, and to understand and influence brain activity

Advanced Manufacturing and Production:

- Breakthroughs in computing, sensors, mobile connectivity, artificial intelligence, robotics,
3D printing, and more….
- Are transforming manufacturing and production systems

- New business models, developing abilities to offer new services rather than simply
delivering products
- It will change the ways that manufacturing companies operate

- Policy-makers and business leaders will need to develop new related approaches and
work together
- In order to build innovative production systems that they benefit everyone

The History of Industrial Revolutions:

1. 1st industrial revolution: 1760-1840
- Railroads and invention of the steam engine
- Mechanical production

2. 2nd industrial revolution: 1860-1960

- Electricity and the assembly line
- Mass production

3. 3rd industrial revolution: 1960 - early 2000’s

- AKA “the computer revolution” or “digital revolution”
- Development of semiconductors
- Mainframe computing - 1960’s
- Personal computing - 1970’s and 1980’s
- Internet - 1990’s

4. 4th industrial revolution: 2011 - present

- Fusion of the revolutions across the physical, digital and biological domains

3 Major Industrial Revolutions:

- 1800 = hydropower and fossil
- 1890 -1910 = electric energy + mass production
- 1960 - 1970 = telecommunications + programmable logic
The impact of Information and Communication Technology:

How is Industry 4.0 different from previous industrial revolutions?

- Marked by an ​integration​ of technologies and/or disciplines.

(biotechnology - science involved with technology)

- Acts as a ​disruptor
(a system or a process that used to continuously go on a path, changing)

How have the following been disruptors?

1. Airbnb:
- Instead of spending money to go to a hotel, this provided a cheaper alternative

- Therefore, it disrupted the routine of usually choosing a hotel as the primary

option

Industry 4.0:
- What is it?
- Comes from Germany

- Defines a new way of organizing factories (AKA smart factories)

- Aims to serve customers better through greater flexibility of production and

resource optimization
Key principles of the factory:
1. The factory becomes digital and flexible (without human use)
2. Simulation tools and powerful data processing
3. An efficient factory regarding energy and resources

Cyber-Physical Systems:
- A system of collaborating computational elements and controlling physical entities

- Physical and engineered systems whose operations are monitored, coordinated,

controlled and integrated by a computing, communication score

- Allows to add capabilities to physical systems by merging computing and communication

with physical processes

Development in 3 phases:
1. Identification:
- Unique identification is essential in manufacturing

- Example: radio-frequency identification

- (uses an electromagnetic field to identify a certain tag that's often
attached to an object)

2. The integration of sensors and actuator:

- Essential for a machine to operate

- Means that a certain machine’s movement can be controlled and that it can
sense changed in the environment

- Use ​was​ limited, does not allow them to communicate with each other

3. The development of sensors and actuators:

- Allowed machines to store and analyze data

- Now is equipped with multiple sensors and actuators that can be networked for
the exchange of information
Drivers:
1. Connected sensors:
- Could detect problems
- Sends data, etc..

2. Predictive analysis:
 - Predict through historical data
- What to do if something happens

3. Big data:
- Storage from different sources
- Use of decision-making

Digital Enterprise chain:

What are the benefits?

1. Operational efficiency:
- Asset utilization

- Operational cost reduction

- Worker productivity

2. New products and services:

- Pay-per-use

- Software-based services

- Data monetization

3. Outcome economy:
- Pay-per-outcome
 - New connected ecosystems

- Platform-enabled marketplace
4. Autonomous, pull economy:
- Continuous demand sensing

- End-to-end automation

- Resource optimization and waste reduction

Manufacturing (on demand) and optimize the supply chain in real time:

1. Optimization:
- Key advantage to industry 4.0

- Factory containing smart devices that are able to self-optimize production will
lead to an almost zero downtime in production

- Important for industries that use expensive and high-end ma manufacturing

equipment

- Utilizing production constantly/consistently = profit the company

2. Customization:
- Creating a flexible market that is customer-oriented, helps meet the population’s
needs fast and smoothly

- It will also destroy the gap between the manufacturer and the customer

- Manufacturers would not have to communicate internally (in companies and

factories)
- And externally (to customers) = will fasten the production and delivery
processes

3. Pushing research:
- Adaption to industry 4.0 = push research to various fields:
1. IT security
2. Effects on education in particular

- New industry = new set of skills

- Education and training will take a new shape, it will provide with skilled labor
Industry 4.0: Design principles:
- Allows manufacturers to investigate a potential transformation to industry 4.0
technologies

1. Interoperability:
- Objects, machines and people need to be able to communicate through the:
1. Internet of things
2. Internet of people

2. Virtualization:
- CPS’s (cyber-physical systems) must be able to simulate and create a virtual copy of the
real world

- They should be to monitor objects existing in the surrounding environment

3.Decentralization:
- Ability of CPS’s to work independently

- Gives room for customized products and problem solving

- Created more flexible environment for production

If in cases of ​failure​ or conflicting goals:

- The issue is given to a higher level

- But, the need for quality assurance remains important for the entire process

4. Real-time capability:
- Smart factory needs to be able to:
1. Collect real time data
2. Store data
3. Analyze data
4. Make decisions according to new findings

- Not limited to market research - internal processes (failure of a machine in production

line)

- Must be able to identify the defect and re-assign tasks to other operating machines

5.Service-orientation:
- Must be customer-oriented

- People and smart objects/devices must be able to connect efficiently through the
Internet of Services to create products based on the customer’s specifications
 - The Internet of Services ​becomes essentia​l.

6. Modularity:
- Smart factory’s ability to adapt to a new market is essential

- Typical case = a week to study the market and change in production

- Smart factories = must be able to adapt fast and smoothly to market trends and
seasonal changes

Challenges facing Industry 4.0:

1. Security:
- Most challenging change is IT security risk
- Will give room for security breaches and data leaks
- Cyber-theft
- Therefore, it will cost producers money and might hurt their reputation

2. Capital:
- Huge investment = for new technology
- Decision to make such transformation will have to be CEO level
- Risks must be calculated and taken seriously
- Transformation = require ​huge capital
- Alienates small business and might cost them their market share in the
future

3. Employment:
- Workers will need to acquire different or new set of skills

- May help employment rates go up but,

- Will also alienate a big sector workers

- Different forms of education must be introduces:

- But, elder portion of works will not be helped

4. Privacy:
- Customer and producer’s concern

- Producers need to collect and analyze data, which may seem as a threat to
privacy

- Small or large companies who have not shared their data in the past will have to
work their way to a more transparent environment
Consequences for organizations:

CHAPTER 2: Artificial Intelligence:

Definition:
- The stimulation of human intelligence processes by machines, that includes learning,
reasoning, self-correction and solving problems

- Important part in technology industries

- This field is improving more and more over the years

- Involves the development of complex algorithms incorporated to the computer

infrastructure which can perform tasks like:
1. Visual awareness
2. Speech recognition
3. Discussion making
4. Language translation
AKA:
1. Machines that stimulate intelligent behavior
2. Collection of technologies that allow the computers to think for themselves
3. Science of making intelligent machines
 - Artificial intelligence help us to deal with complex tasks that the human could not do (why
we need it)

Tasks that can the intelligent machines do:

1. Reasoning and solving problems:
- Using algorithms step by step to solve big and hard problems

2. Planning:
- Also using algorithms to set goals that will be achieved

3. Learning:
- Unsupervised learning when the machines does not need a person to control it

4. Social Intelligent:
- The machines that can understand the human emotions and understand what is
going on

Statistics:

- Share of US jobs requiring AI skills = increased

- A lot of studies appear from AI and still increasing since 2000

Main types of AI:

Type 1:
- A system that is designed and trained for a particular task
- Can not handle unfamiliar tasks
- E.g Apple Siri
- A virtual assistance that uses natural language and voice queries to
answer questions

*​Weak AI:​ not intelligent enough and focuses only on ​ONE​ task
 Type 2:
- A system with generalized human cognitive abilities
- Can handle unfamiliar tasks
- E.g Google AlphaGo
- Has the ability to train itself purely through self-play

*​Strong AI: ​the intelligent machine that has the ability to perform as an intelligent human

Different types of AI:

1. Reactive machines:
- Fundamental types of AI systems are quite reactive
- They are not able to use previous experiences to advise current decisions and to
configure memories

2. Limited memory:
- Mostly used in self-driving cars
- Will detect the movement of vehicles around them constantly
- The static data such as;
- lane marks
- traffic lights
- any curves on road
Will be added to the AI machine
- Nearly, it will take 100 seconds for an AI system to make considered decision in
self-driving

3. Theory of mind:
- Very advanced technology

- Still, this type of AI has not been developed completely in the society

- The way to make advancements is to begin by developing robots that are able to
identify eye and face movements, and according to looks

4. Self-aware AI:
- Supplement of the theory of mind
- Not developed yet
- It can configure representations about themselves
- Particular devices are tuned into cues from humans like
1. Attention spans
2. Emotions
3. Display self-driven reactions

5. Artificial narrow intelligence (ANI):

- Most common technology found in daily life
 - In smartphones (Crtana, Siri)
- Responds to users’ problems on request

- Referred to as “weak AI”

6. Artificial General Intelligence (AGI):

- Work like humans, AKA “strong AI”

- Most robots are ANI, but few are AGI or above

- Pillo robot is an example of AGI

- Answers all questions with respect to the health of family, can distribute pills, give
guidance

7. Artificial Superhuman Intelligence (ASI):

- Ability to achieve everything that a human can do and more

- Alpha 2 is an example:
- Can manage a smart home
- Can operate the things in your home
- Notify of the weather conditions
- Tells interesting stories

Components of AI:
Programming languages for building models:
- GPUs (graphic processing unit):
- GPU computing is the use of SPU as a co-processor to accelerate CPUs for
general-purpose scientific and engineering computing

- Cloud data storage: used to store data

Software/hardware for training and running models:

- Java
- Python
- C++

Types of models:
- Machine learning:
- The ability of devices to learn without programming
- Deep learning:
- Is what is based on deep neural networks

Advantages:
- Error reduction:
 - Decreasing mistakes

- Repetitive jobs:
- Speed of computations
- Faster than humans, multitasking

- Difficult exploration:
- Handle tedious tasks in harsh areas
- Can be put to mining and different fuel exploration process

- Used as digital assistants:

- Siri, Cortana

- No breaks:
- Do not need breaks and refreshments

- The absence of the emotional side

- AI system think logically

Disadvantages:
- Risk of loss of important data

- Can not think out of the box:

- Cannot make the judgments of right or wrong as machines
- Do not have emotions and moral values

- No improvement with experience:

- Can not be improved with expertise

- Replacement of human interpretation job:

- Leads to unemployment

- No original creativity:
- Human creativity and imagination is difficult to replicate

- Addiction:
- Humans can become too dependent
- We depend on machines to form everyday tasks

- High cost
Challenges:
- Building trust, higher expectations

- Software malfunction:
- software/hardware crashes

- Removing human responsibility

- Technologies and expertise are too expensive

AI Applications:
1. Siri

2. Health monitoring:
- Wearable health trackers (FitBit)

3. Self-driving cars

4. Health care benefits:

- Help doctors diagnose patients

5. Doing repetitive jobs:

- Analyzing tests, x-rays, CT scans, etc, will be done quicker

AI Development Areas:
1. Expert systems:
- Flight tracking systems, clinical systems

2. Natural language processing:

- Google now feature, speech recognition

3. Neural networks:
- Pattern recognition system:
- Face recognition
- Character recognition
- Handwriting recognition
4. Robotics:
- Industrial robots for moving, spraying, painting, drilling, etc.
AI Vs Robot:
Artificial Intelligence Robot

Programmed to think Programmed to do

Social Interaction Low level interaction

Learns Only as smart as programed

Human Intelligence Vs AI:

Artificial Intelligence

Ability to simulate human behavior and cognitive

processes
Capture and preserve human expertise

Fast Response. The ability to comprehend large

amounts of data quickly.

Human Intelligence

They have limited knowledge bases

Humans are unable to retain large amounts of

data in memory.
processing of ​serial nature ​proceed very slowly in
the brain as compared to computers
 Human Intelligence vs Artificial Intelligence

The five senses Sensing Having sensors

The ability to understand interacting Component to perceive,
and make decisions understand and act.

The brain mind The processor

UAE strategy for AI:

1. Space:
- To help conduct accurate experiments, reduce rate of costly mistakes

2. Transport:
- To reduce accidents and cut operational costs

3. Renewable energy:
- To manage facilities

4. Health:
- To minimize chronic and dangerous diseases

5. Water:
- To conduct analysis and studies to provide water sources

6. Education:
- To cut costs and enhance desire for education

7. Environment:
- To increase forestation rate

8. Technology:
- To increase productivity and help with general spending

Strategy Aims:
- Boost government performance at all levels

- Create new vital market with high economic value

- Make the UAE the first in the field of AI investments in various sectors

- Use an integrated smart digital system that can overcome challenges and provide quick
efficient solutions
Strategy Themes:
1. Provide all services via AI and the full integration of AI into medical and security services
2. Develop capabilities and skills of all staff operating in the field of technology
3. Organize training courses for government officials

Google AI:
- Google AI is a division of Google dedicated solely to AI

- They are conducting research that advances the state-of-the-art in the field, applying AI
to products and to new domains and developing tools to ensure that everyone can
access AI

- They have stories of how AI is helping people everywhere solve problems in exciting
new ways

- 5041 publications

- You can learn from ML experts from Google like intro to machine learning problem
framing, data engineering on Google cloud platform specialization, etc.

Future of AI:
1. Machine learning as a service (MLaaS) will be deployed more broadly:
2. More explainable or “transparent” AI will developed
3. AI will impact the global political landscape
4. AI will create more jobs than it eliminates
5. AI assistants will become more pervasive and useful
6. AI/ML governance will gain importance
7. AI will help companies solve AI talent shortages

CHAPTER 3: Robotics:
Definitions:
- A machine that can interact with and respond to its environment

- Characterized by 3 central capabilities:

- The ability to: sense, plan, act

- Hence, possess certain characteristics like:

- Mechanical arm
- Sensors to respond to input
- Intelligence to make decisions
History of Robotics:
- Robotics in the 20th and 21st centuries has advanced radially to include machines
capable of assembling other machines

- even robots that can be mistaken for human beings

- History stretches from Greek philosopher Aristotle's ideas about automated tools, all the
through to Henry Ford’s Model T assembly line and beyond

Robot Components:
1. Manipulator:
- Just like the human arm, the robot consists of what is called a manipulator having
several joints and links

2. Actuators:
- Are the ​muscles​ of the manipulators. Common types of actuators are servo
motors, stepper motors, pneumatic cylinders, etc

3. Endeffector​:
- Is expected to perform tasks normally performed by the palm and finger
arrangements of the human arm

4. The Locomotion Device:

- The power for the movement (locomation) is provided by the motors
- The motors used for providing locomotion in robots are the 3 types depending on
the source of energy:
- Electric, Hydraulic or Pneumatic

5. The controller:
- Receives data from the computer, then controls motions of the actuator and
coordinated these motions with the sensory feedback information

- The controller functions in a manner analogous to the human (intelligent) brain

- With the help of this controller, the robot is able to carry out the assigned tasks

6. The sensor:
- Sensors are nothing but measuring instruments which measures quantities such
as:
- Position, velocity, force, torque, proximity, temperature, etc.

- Sensors are used to collect information about the internal state of the robot or to
communicate with the outside environment
 - Robots are often equipped with external sensory devices such as:
- Vision system, touch and tactile sensors, etc

- Which help to communicate with the environment

Importance of Robotics:
- Smart technologies and systems which are linked with the internet and/or specific
systems

- Lightweight and can be transported

- Ease and simple to use in many field for example:

- Education, hospital, governments, etc

- Designed to collaborate with humans in jobs

- Made to perform difficult tasks

- Example: x-ray devices

- Increase economic growth of the country

Robotics Skills:
1. a.Gather, collate and validate information
b.Synthesise and analyse structured and unstructured data
2. Record and transport information and data
3. Calculate (a position or value) and/or decide (what to do)
4. Communicate with and assist users, clients and customers
5. Orchestrate and manage activities (both robotic and people based)
6. Monitor, detect or report operational performance
7. Learn, anticipate and forecast (behavior or outcomes)

Robo Law:
1. A robot may not injure a human being or through inaction, allow a human being to come
to harm

2. A robot must obey orders given it by human beings except where such orders would
conflict with the First Law

3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as much protection does not conflict with
the First or Second law

Robotics Applications:
- Hazardous environments
 - Farms
- Assembly
- Used for processing operations like:
- Welding, spray painting, casting, heart treatment, finishing operation
- Manufacturing
- Medical application
- Underwater, space and remote location
- Industrial
- Military
- Material handling

Augmented workplace capabilities:

- Collaborative robot:
- World in direct cooperation with humans inside a defined workspace, both
industrial and non-industrial environments

- Robotics in Healthcare:
- As technology develops faster and better, we will have more opportunities
enabled by this technology to live healthier lives

- AI and robotics are the future of healthcare

- We must not lose the sight of the human element when it comes to healthcare,
new skills for healthcare professionals should be taught in schools.

NAO:
- NAO robots are used in many schools from elementary to post secondary education

- Mainly used in ​Autism sector​ and shown many advances in the community

- NAO Programming Languages:

- C++
- Python
- .Net
- Java
- Matlab

Advantages:
- Better cost effective and faster to use
- Greater flexibility, re-programmability
- Some are lightweight and can be transported
- Accuracy
- Low technical barrier
- No programming skills necessary to configure a bot
 - Reliability
- Productivity
- Consistency
- Compliance
- Bots follow regulatory compliance rules
- Improves employee morale
- Workers can dedicate more time to engaging, interesting work

Disadvantages:
- Replacement of human labor - greater unemployment
- Re-training costs for both unemployed and users of new technology
- Robots can store large amounts of data - but not effective as the human brain
- Expensive for maintenance and repair

10 biggest challenges in Robotics:

1. New materials, fabrication methods
- Creating new materials, sensing, communication, etc

2. Creating bio-inspired robots

- To create robots that perform more like the efficient systems found in nature

3. Better power sources

- Improving battery life, especially for drones and mobile robots

4. Communication in robot swarms (groups)

- They are tricky because they need to sense not only the environment, but also
each robot in the group. Communication is needed with others

5. Navigating unmapped environments

- Future robots need to be able to operate in environments that are unmapped and
poorly understood

6. AI that can reason

- Replication of human intelligence is needed more replication

7. Brain-computer interfaces
- Enable devices to be controlled by your mind
- The equipment for sensing brain signals is expensive and cumbersome, data
processing can be tricky

8. Social robots for long-term engagement

- Challenges:
- Social dynamics, learning social and moral norms, building a robotics
theory of mind
 9. Medical robotics with more autonomy
- Challenge is building a reliable system with greater levels of autonomy

10. Ethics
- 5 ethical problems:
- Sensitive tasks that should require human supervision could be delegated
entirely to robots
- Humans will no long take responsibility for failures
- Unemployment and deskilling of the workforce
- AI could erode human freedom
- Using AI in unethical ways

Smart City vision for Dubai:

- To turn Dubai into one of the world's most advanced cities
- Main focus: to revolutionize government services at the city level
- Involves robotics in 2 ways:
- Public policy, transportation