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LinearAlgebra Lecture Note-2 2114 2

This lecture note introduces matrices, their dimensions, and operations such as addition, subtraction, and transposition. It explains different types of matrices (fat, tall, square) and provides practice problems for understanding matrix dimensions and operations. The note also covers multiplying matrices by constants and adding constants to matrices.

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abdulaziz.ghafoorzai
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11 views9 pages

LinearAlgebra Lecture Note-2 2114 2

This lecture note introduces matrices, their dimensions, and operations such as addition, subtraction, and transposition. It explains different types of matrices (fat, tall, square) and provides practice problems for understanding matrix dimensions and operations. The note also covers multiplying matrices by constants and adding constants to matrices.

Uploaded by

abdulaziz.ghafoorzai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linear Algebra

Lecture Note 2
Addition, Subtraction and transpose of a matrix
By Noorullah ibrahimi
We previously learned about vectors

They look 1 We can tell their


like this 𝑥= 3 dimension with this 𝑥 ∈ ℝ3
5 notation

Today we are learning “what is a matrix?”

They look like We can tell their dimension with


this this notation 𝑋 ∈ ℝ2×3 𝑜𝑟 𝑌 ∈ ℝ3×2

1 2
1 2 7
𝑋= 𝑜𝑟 𝑌 = 3 2
3 2 0 Matrices can take on
0 3
any dimension

Notice that instead of a lowercase


letters matrices are denoted with
capital letters
Practice
If A is a 3×4 matrix and B is a 4×2 matrix, what is the dimension of AB?
Let C be a 5×3 matrix. What is the dimension of CT (transpose of C)?

If D is a 6×2 matrix and E is a 2×6 matrix, is the product DE defined? If yes, what is its
dimension?

Matrix Shapes and Names


A matrix that is wide is called a Fat matrix(with is greater than height). For example
1 2 3 0
1 2 3
𝑋= ,𝑌 = 1 2 3 0 3
,Z = 0 0 1 1
𝑜 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
0 0 1 1

A matrix that is tall is called Tall matrix(width is less than height). For example
0 3 1 6 10
1 1 1 1
𝑋 = 0 2 ,𝑌 = , 𝑍 = 2 7 11
2 1 3 8 12
0 3
3 1 4 9 13
A matrix whose width is equal to height is called Square matrix. For example

1 3 1 4 8
𝑋= , 𝑌 = 2 5 9
2 4
3 6 10
Just like vectors we can also How to transpose a matrix
transpose matrices
1 4
The transpose operation is when you flop 1 2 3
𝑋 = 2 5 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑋𝑇 =
the vector down 4 5 6
1 3 6
𝑥= , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑇 = 1 2
2 1 5
2 6
𝑌 = 1 2 3 4 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑌 =
𝑇
1
5 6 7 8 3 7
𝑦 = 2 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦𝑇 = 1 2 3
3 4 8
Transpose of a transpose
1 4
1 1 2 3
z = 1 2 3 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑧 𝑇 = 2 X= 2 5 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑋𝑇 = 4 5 6
3 6
3 1 4
𝑋𝑇 𝑇 = 2 5
3 6
Practice

Find AT
Practice

1.If a matrix A has 4 rows and 6 columns, what is its shape?


2. Given the matrix:

What is its shape?

3. Given the matrix:

What is its shape?


4. Given the matrix

What is its shape?

Multiplying a matrix by a constant

X = 1 0 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 2X = 2 × 1 2×0 = 2 0
2 1 2×2 2×1 4 2
1. If matrix A and multiply it by a constant 3.

Find 3A
2. If matrix B and multiply it by a constant -2

Then find -2B

Addition by a constant
3 2
X = 1 0 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒n X + 2 = 1 + 2 0 + 2 =
2 1 2+2 1+2 4 3

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