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MATH1020 - Calculus II
Week 07, April 6, 2025
Spring 2025 Semester

Session 5: Review for Chapter 11

Solutions
1 Limits
[1]
Question 1: Evaluate each of the following limits.

x3 − ze2y
1. lim
(x,y,z)→(−1,0,4) 6x + 2y − 3z

x2 − 2xy
2. lim
(x,y)→(2,1) x2 − 4y 2

x − 4y
3. lim
(x,y)→(0,0) 6y + 7x
x2 − y 6
4. lim
(x,y)→(0,0) xy 3

[1]
Question 2: Determine if the following limits exist or not. If they do exist give the value of the limit.

(a) lim 3x2 z + yx cos(πx − πz)

(x,y,z)→(2,1,−1)

xy
(b) lim
(x,y)→(5,1) x + y

2x2 −xy−y 2
(c) lim(x,y)→(1,1) x2 −y 2

[1]
Question 3: Determine if the following limits exist or not. If they do exist give the value of the limit.

x2 y 2
(a) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x4 + 3y 4

x3 y
(b) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x6 + y2

[2] 1
Question 4: What is the limit of z = p as (x, y) → (0, 0)?
x2 + y2

[3]
Question 5: Show that the limit
5x2 y
lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y2
exists and is the same along the paths: y-axis and x-axis, and along y = x.

Solutions
Question 1

Paul’s Online Notes, Practice Problems, Section 13.1

PASS Program - MATH1020 - Spring 2025 Semester 1/11

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MATH1020 - Calculus II
Week 07, April 6, 2025
Spring 2025 Semester

Question 2

Paul’s Online Notes, Notes, Section 13.1, Example 1 & 2

Question 3

Paul’s Online Notes, Notes, Section 13.1, Example 3

Question 4

UCSD, Example 2, Page 2

Question 5
To determine whether the limit
5x2 y
lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y2
exists and is the same along the given paths, we follow these steps:

1. Evaluate Along the x-axis (y = 0):

Substitute y = 0:
5x2 · 0
=0 for all x ̸= 0.
x2 + 0
As x → 0, the limit is 0.

2. Evaluate Along the y-axis (x = 0):

Substitute x = 0:
5 · 02 · y
=0 for all y ̸= 0.
0 + y2
As y → 0, the limit is 0.

3. Evaluate Along the Line y = x:

Substitute y = x:
5x2 · x 5x3 5x
2 2
= 2 = .
x +x 2x 2
As x → 0, the limit is 0.

4. General Proof Using Polar Coordinates:

Let x = r cos θ, y = r sin θ. As (x, y) → (0, 0), r → 0:

5x2 y 5(r2 cos2 θ)(r sin θ)

= = 5r cos2 θ sin θ.
x2 + y 2 r2

Since | cos2 θ sin θ| ≤ 1:

5r cos2 θ sin θ ≤ 5r.
As r → 0, 5r → 0. By the Squeeze Theorem, the limit is 0.

5. Conclusion:
All paths yield a limit of 0, and the Squeeze Theorem confirms the general limit. Therefore, the limit is existed and
it is:
0

PASS Program - MATH1020 - Spring 2025 Semester 2/11

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Peer-Assisted Study Sessions Program (PASS)
MATH1020 - Calculus II
Week 07, April 6, 2025
Spring 2025 Semester

2 Continuity

[4]
Question 1: Show that f is not continuous at (0, 0), where

 2xy

if (x, y) ̸= (0, 0),
f (x, y) = x2 + y 2
0 if (x, y) = (0, 0).

[5] x−y
Question 2: Does the function f (x, y) = have any discontinuities? What about f (x, y) =
1+x+y
x−y
? Explain.
1 + x2 + y 2

[6]
Question 3: Find h(x, y) = g(f (x, y)) and the set on which h is continuous.
√
1. g(t) = t2 + t, f (x, y) = 2x + 3y − 6
1 − xy
2. g(t) = t + ln t, f (x, y) =
1 + x2 y 2

[7]
Question 4: Show that the following function is continuous at (0, 0):
 xy
p if (x, y) ̸= (0, 0),
f (x, y) = x2 + y 2

0 if (x, y) = (0, 0).

y + x3
 
[7]
Question 5: Show f (x, y) = cos2 is continuous.
1 + x2

[6]
Question 6: Discuss the continuity of the function

 sin(xy) if xy ̸= 0,
f (x, y) = xy
1 if xy = 0


Solutions
Question 1

Michigan State University, Example (a), Page 2

Question 2

To determine if the functions have discontinuities, we analyze where their denominators are zero:

x−y
For f (x, y) = 1+x+y :

1. Find where the denominator is zero: Solve 1 + x + y = 0. This simplifies to y = −x − 1, which is a straight
line.
2. Conclusion: The function is undefined along the line y = −x − 1. Thus, f (x, y) has discontinuities along this
line.

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Week 07, April 6, 2025
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x−y
For f (x, y) = 1+x2 +y 2 :

1. Analyze the denominator: 1 + x2 + y 2 ≥ 1 for all real x and y, since x2 ≥ 0 and y 2 ≥ 0.

2. Conclusion: The denominator is never zero, so the function is defined for all (x, y) ∈ R2 . Therefore, f (x, y) has
no discontinuities.

Final Answer:
• f (x, y) = x−y
1+x+y is discontinuous along the line y = −x − 1.

• f (x, y) = x−y
1+x2 +y 2 is continuous everywhere.

First function: Discontinuities on y = −x − 1; Second function: No discontinuities

Question 3

Part 1
p
h(x, y) = g(f (x, y)) = g(2x + 3y − 6) = (2x + 3y − 6)2 + 2x + 3y − 6
Since (2x + 3y − 6)2 is polynomial it is continuous everywhere, but square root is defined only for non-negative
numbers, therefore:

2x + 3y − 6 ≥ 0 ⇒ 2x + 3y ≥ 6
Hence h is continuous on its domain D, where:

D = {(x, y) | 2x + 3y ≥ 6}

Part 2
Our goal is to find h(x, y) = g(f (x, y)) and the set of points where h is continuous. Now, let’s consider the given
functions.
1 − xy
g(t) = t + ln(t) and f (x, y) =
1 + x2 y 2
1 − xy
Recall that we want to find g(f (x, y)). Hence, let’s consider t = f (x, y). Now, let’s substitute t = into
1 + x2 y 2
g(t).
 
1 − xy 1 − xy
g(f (x, y)) = + ln
1 + x2 y 2 1 + x2 y 2
Since h(x, y) = g(f (x, y)), then
 
1 − xy 1 − xy
h(x, y) = + ln
1 + x2 y 2 1 + x2 y 2
Now, we need to find the set of points where h is continuous. Recall that, ln(x) is defined for all x > 0. Hence,
the expression  
1 − xy
ln
1 + x2 y 2
is only defined if
1 − xy
>0
1 + x2 y 2
1 − xy > 0(1 + x2 y 2 )
1 − xy > 0
1 > xy

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MATH1020 - Calculus II
Week 07, April 6, 2025
Spring 2025 Semester


1−xy
 1 − xy
Hence, the expression ln 1+x2 y 2 is continuous for xy < 1. On the other hand, the expression is defined
1 + x2 y 2
for all values of x and y since 1 + x2 y 2 =
̸ 0 for all x and y. Therefore, h(x, y) is continuous on the set

{(x, y) | xy < 1}
Question 4

To show that the function

√ xy
(
(x, y) ̸= (0, 0),
f (x, y) =
2 x +y 2
0 (x, y) = (0, 0)
is continuous at (0, 0), we need to prove that
xy
lim p = 0 = f (0, 0).
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2

Step-by-Step Explanation:
1. Convert to Polar Coordinates: Let x = r cos θ, y = r sin θ. As (x, y) → (0, 0), r → 0. Substitute into the
function:
xy (r cos θ)(r sin θ) r2 cos θ sin θ
p = √ = = r cos θ sin θ.
x2 + y 2 r2 r
1
2. Apply the Squeeze Theorem: Note that | cos θ sin θ| ≤ 2 for all θ. Thus:

xy 1 r
p = |r cos θ sin θ| ≤ r · = .
x2 + y 2 2 2
r
As r → 0, 2 → 0. By the Squeeze Theorem:
xy
lim p = 0.
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2

3. Conclusion: Since the limit equals f (0, 0), the function is continuous at (0, 0).

The function is continuous at (0, 0).

Question 5  
3
To show that f (x, y) = cos2 y+x
1+x2 is continuous, we analyze the continuity of its components:

Step-by-Step Explanation:
1. Continuity of the Denominator 1 + x2 : 1 + x2 is a polynomial in x, and polynomials are continuous everywhere.
Since x2 ≥ 0, 1 + x2 ≥ 1, so the denominator is never zero.
2. Continuity of the Numerator y + x3 : y + x3 is a sum of continuous functions (y and x3 ), so it is continuous
everywhere.
3
3. Continuity of the Fraction y+x 1+x2 : The quotient of two continuous functions is continuous where the denominator
is non-zero. Since 1 + x2 ̸= 0 for all (x, y) ∈ R2 , the fraction is continuous everywhere.
4. Continuity of cos(·): The cosine function is continuous for all real  inputs.

y+x3
5. Continuity of cos2 (·): Squaring preserves continuity. Thus, cos2 1+x2 is continuous everywhere.

Conclusion:
All components of f (x, y) are continuous, and compositions of continuous functions are continuous. Therefore:

y + x3
 
2
f (x, y) = cos is continuous on R2 .
1 + x2

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Question 6

 sin(xy) if xy ̸= 0
f (x, y) = xy
1 if xy = 0


sin(xy) and xy are continuous functions, hence their ratio is also continuous except when the denominator becomes
zero.
Therefore, we need to check for continuity when xy → 0.

We need to find:
sin(xy)
lim
xy→0 xy
Substitute xy = t, so we get:
sin t
lim
t→0 t
Note that this limit is of the form 00 .
After applying L’Hôpital’s Rule, we get:
cos(t)
lim =1
t→0 1
Which is the same as the value of the function when t = xy = 0.
Hence, the given function is continuous on R2 .

PASS Program - MATH1020 - Spring 2025 Semester 6/11

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Peer-Assisted Study Sessions Program (PASS)
MATH1020 - Calculus II
Week 07, April 6, 2025
Spring 2025 Semester

3 Partial Derivatives
[1]
Question 1: Find all the 1st order partial derivatives:

z3
1. f (x, y, z) = 4x3 y 2 − ez y 4 + + 4y − x16
x2
4
2. w = cos(x2 + 2y) − e4x−z y + y 3
√
3. f (u, v, p, t) = 8u2 t3 p − v p2 t−5 + 2u2 t + 3p4 − v


4. g(s, t, v) = t2 ln(s + 2t) − ln(3v) s3 + t2 − 4v

[8] ∂f ∂f
Question 2: Find and for the following functions:
∂x ∂y

1. f (x, y) = (x2 − 1)(y + 2)

2. f (x, y) = ex+y+1
3. f (x, y) = e−x sin(x + y)

[9]
Question 3: Compute all second partial derivatives:

1. z = x2 y − y 3 x4
2. f (x, y) = ln(x2 + 3y)

[9]
Question 4: Find all values of x and y such that fx (x, y) = 0 and fy (x, y) = 0 simultaneously.

1. f (x, y) = 4x2 + y 2 − 8xy + 4x + 6y − 10

2. f (x, y) = x2 + 4y 2 − 3xy + 3

Solutions
Question 1

Paul’s Online Notes, Practice Problems 1, 2, 3, 6, Section 13.2

Question 2

UCL, Extra Practice, Page 1

Question 3

Drexel, Problems 12 & 13, Page 3

Question 4

Drexel, Problems 10 & 11, Page 2

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MATH1020 - Calculus II
Week 07, April 6, 2025
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4 Tangent planes

[1]
Question 1: Find the equation of the tangent plane to
6
z = x2 cos(πy) − at (2, −1).
xy 2

[1]
Question 2: Find the equation of the tangent plane to
p
z = x x2 + y 2 + y 3 at (−4, 3).

[10]
Question 3: Suppose f is a differentiable function of one variable. Show that all tangent planes to the
surface y
z = xf
x
intersect in a common point.

[9]
Question 4: Consider the surface S : z = x2 + 3y 2 .

(a) Find the slope of the tangent line to the curve of intersection of the surface S and the plane y = 1 at the
point (1, 1, 4).
(b) Find a set of parametric equations for the tangent line whose slope you computed in part (a).
(c) Find the slope of the tangent line to the curve of intersection of the surface S and the plane x = 1 at the
point (1, 1, 4).

(d) Find a set of parametric equations for the tangent line whose slope you computed in part (c).
(e) Find an equation of the tangent plane to the surface S at the point (1, 1, 4). (Hint: The tangent plane
contains both of tangent lines from parts (b) and (d).)

Solutions
Question 1

Paul’s Online Notes, Pratice Problems 1, Section 14.1

Question 2

Paul’s Online Notes, Pratice Problems 2, Section 14.1

Question 3

Stewart Calculus, Problem 5, Page 5

Question 4

Drexel, Problems 14, Page 3

PASS Program - MATH1020 - Spring 2025 Semester 8/11

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MATH1020 - Calculus II
Week 07, April 6, 2025
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5 Differentials
[1]
Question 1:Compute the differential of each of the following functions.

1. z = x2 sin(6y)
xy 2
 
2. f (x, y, z) = ln
z3
2
+y 2
3. z = ex tan(2x)
t3 r 6
4. u = s2

[6]
Question 2: Prove that if f is a function of two variables that is differentiable at (a, b), then f is continuous
at (a, b).
Hint: Show that
lim f (a + ∆x, b + ∆y) = f (a, b)
(∆x,∆y)→(0,0)

[6]
Question 3:

(a) The function is given as follow:

xy

 if (x, y) ̸= (0, 0)
f (x, y) = x2 + y 2
0 if (x, y) = (0, 0)

Show that fx (0, 0) and fy (0, 0) both exist but f is not differentiable at (0, 0).
Hint: Use the result of problem 2.
(b) Explain why fx and fy are not continuous at (0, 0).

Solutions
Question 1

Paul’s Online Notes, Pratice Problems & Notes Example 1, Section 13.5

Question 2
Recall that the function z = f (x, y) is differentiable at (a, b) if ∆z can be expressed in the form

∆z = fx (a, b)∆x + fy (a, b)∆y + ε1 ∆x + ε2 ∆y,

where ε1 and ε2 → 0 as (∆x, ∆y) → (0, 0).

If we rewrite this as

f (a + ∆x, b + ∆y) − f (a, b) = fx (a, b)∆x + fy (a, b)∆y + ε1 ∆x + ε2 ∆y,

and use the fact that ε1 and ε2 → 0 as (∆x, ∆y) → (0, 0), we obtain that

f (a + ∆x, b + ∆y) → f (a, b)

when ∆x and ∆y tend to zero, which means that:

lim f (a + ∆x, b + ∆y) = f (a, b)

(∆x,∆y)→(0,0)

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Therefore, f is continuous at (a, b).

Question 3

Part (a)
For every (x, y) ̸= (0, 0),

y(x2 + y 2 ) − 2x2 y y(y 2 − x2 ) x(x2 − y 2 )

fx (x, y) = = , fy (x, y) = ,
(x2 + y 2 )2 (x2 + y 2 )2 (x2 + y 2 )2

while
f (h, 0) − f (0, 0) f (0, h) − f (0, 0)
fx (0, 0) = lim = 0, fy (0, 0) = lim = 0.
h→0 h h→0 h
Thus, the partial derivatives fx , fy exist for every (x, y) ∈ R2 , and
 2 2
 y −x if (x, y) ̸= (0, 0),
fx (x, y) = (x2 + y 2 )2
0 if (x, y) = (0, 0),


 2 2
 x −y if (x, y) ̸= (0, 0),
fy (x, y) = (x2 + y 2 )2
0 if (x, y) = (0, 0).


1
On the other hand, f (h, h) = 2 for all h ̸= 0, and so

1
lim f (h, h) = ̸= 0 = f (0, 0),
h→0 2
showing that f is not continuous at (0, 0). Thus the derivative at (0, 0) cannot exist.

Part (b)
Now let’s find the limit of fx as (x, y) → (0, 0) along x = 0:

y 3 − 02 y 1
lim fx (0, y) = lim = lim = ∞ =
̸ 0 = fx (0, 0)
y→0 y→0 (02 + y 2 )2 y→0 y

⇒ fx is not continuous at (0, 0)

Now let’s find the limit of fy as (x, y) → (0, 0) along y = 0:

x3 − x02 1
lim fy (x, 0) = lim = lim = ∞ =
̸ 0 = fy (0, 0)
x→0 x→0 (x2 + 02 )2 x→0 x

⇒ fy is not continuous at (0, 0)

Because lim fx (x, y) and lim fy (x, y) do not exist so:

(x,y)→(0,0) (x,y)→(0,0)

fx and fy are not continuous at (0, 0).

PASS Program - MATH1020 - Spring 2025 Semester 10/11

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Peer-Assisted Study Sessions Program (PASS)
MATH1020 - Calculus II
Week 07, April 6, 2025
Spring 2025 Semester

Acknowledgments
I, Le Mai Thanh Son, PASS Leader for MATH1020 - Calculus II course this semester, would like to express my grat-
itude to the following individuals and resources for their contributions in the Calculus field that I use in this document:

• Paul’s Online Notes [1]

• UCSD [2]
• LibreTexts Mathematics [3]

• Michigan State University [4]

• Whitman [5]
• Textbook [6]
• KAIST [7]

• UCL [8]
• Drexel [9]
• Stewart Calculus [10]

Their contributions have been instrumental in shaping the outcomes of this work.

PASS Program - MATH1020 - Spring 2025 Semester 11/11