SECTION 2 - SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY Concepts _| Definition ‘A grouping of people, buildings, communication networks, activities that function as Settlement | a single unit on a daily basis. Simply said — A settlement is a place where people stay and work Site The exact physical location of a settlement Situation __| The situation is the location ofa settlement in relation to the things that are around it Rural Place where primary activities dominate. It is therefore uni-functional Settlement vial Place where secondary and tertiary activities dominate. Itis therefore multi-functional Settlement Pattern ‘The arrangement of buildings in relation to one-another Location __| The specific point where something exists on earth Primary cttintgs __| Economic activity where the extraction of raw materials take place Secondary _| Economic activily where the manufacturing of the raw materials take place. In other activities words, they make something here. Tertiary | Economic activities that concentrate on services and trade activities Waterpoint settlement Settlements the cluster around a water source in dry areas. Dry point) settiements that are located away from the danger of water. settlement RurerUrbani) 14,,ement of people from rural to urban areas migration Depopulation | Reduction in the total amount of people Pull Factors _| Physical, economic, or social factors that attract people Pull Factors _| Physical, economic, or social factors that forces people away from a settlement Social ren Every person deserves equal economic, poltical, social rights and opportunities Land reform_| To redress the unequal distribution of land in South Africa Land , Peaitution _| Claiming back land which was unfaily taken away from citizens Land Talletibution | S'2te owned land distributed to previously disadvantaged citizens Land tenure _| This law ensures that people who could not own land previously can do so after 1994CLASSIFICATION OF SETTLEMENTS Size and complexity: settlements range from small single farmsteads to large megacities in the form of a megalopolis and conurbations. Settlement patterns refer to either dispersed settlements where people settle in isolated farmsteads far from each other or clusters of people setting in a nucleated settlement with a concentration of people and activities. Function in settlement can either be Uni-functional where most of the inhabitants are involved in just one economic sector or multi-functional where inhabitants are involved in all 4 economic sectors, Urban/rural - settlements where the main economic activity falls in the primary economic sector are usually classified as rural with mining as the exception. Urban settlements host a variety of economic activities in different economic sectors. Function Size and Complexity Pattern Isolated farmstead Rural{ fated farms “} Dispersed\isolated Village Town Urban. Metevols Nucleated/Clustered Conurbation Megalopolis Bab tolatet \ \ /f ae Rete ‘shay on , nna (Round, Linear o St (Peay Secondany \ ‘tap /. \\ ad Toa) % # C How can we describe aN Settlements = bldg aan psa acs it ‘heanber FAR or ice theoeston NEAR There he sesement aspencsarmcerios / | canon \, Tis rofersto tho \ atts. ‘uether atlonents, ( eres \ aes \-VFUNCTION Rural Settlements Urban Settlements Primary activities dominate, -Unifunctional + Agricul ining ture + Forestry + Fishing Secondary and Tertiary Activities dominate, -Multifun« Secondary Activities \ctional Factories Tertiary activities “Services e.g, Education, Heath, ‘Transpor, Tourism, ete *Trade e.g, shops, businesses, imports, exports ete. PATTERN Dispersed/isolated Buildings are away from one-another Nucleated/Clustered Buildings near to one- anotherRURAL SETTLEMENTS. NOTE the following: Three types of Rural__| Rural settlements according settlements according to pattern tosize and function | Dispersed _| Nucleated Isolated Isolated farmstead farmstead Rural Hamlet Rural Hamlet Village Village How site and situation affect the location of rural settlements Site of settlements are determined by the following: Fresh drinking water for domestic and agricultural use Availability of building material e.g., wood, rocks, grass Flat land to build on Grazing land Fertile soil for crop farming Fuel for energy e.g., wood All these factors collectively influences where the specific place of the settlement will be Micro climate — Aspect determines where the warmest slope is TT ‘Bullaing material and Fuel § Grazing tand NOONAN cv aSome factors like the availability of water plays a more important role in the choice of a site. In dry areas, people are looking for water and gather around this This is called a wet-point settlement. In areas where flooding is a threat, people are seeking dry areas, They stil near the water but avoid the risk of flooding This is called a dry-point settlement PATTERNS OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS Dispersed Settlements Dispersed, Nucleated Settlements Nucleated ‘Advantages Disadvantages ‘Advantages Disadvantages ~ Have privacy * No interaction with ]+ Interaction with people [+ No privacy + Make your own other people + Safety (People can|+ Arguments and decisions + Itis not safe to be protect one another) conflict arise + Own all the profits + More accessibility to tools and machinery + Land is not fragmented, therefore saving money on travelling alone (Vulnerable to farm murders) Have to pay all costs yourself Difficult to share ideas when there are problems + Sharing of ideas to solve problems Sharing of tools and machinery Cannot use tools and machinery when you want to Sharing of profits Costly traveling because farming land are fragmented PAGE 33SHAPES OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS Round Linear Cross Roads: Three types develop Crossroad _|T-Shaped | Star-shaped These settlements are | These settlements [Develops __| Develop Road influenced by people | develop along roads, | where roads | where there is | converges with a common factor | railway lines, rivers or | cross a T-junction of | from all or interest. E.g,, | between mountains. the roads —_| directions Church, Water source, Market place, ete. BR ol Peas 5 "ME