AS Mathematics

Statistics 1 Homework Book

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Contents Marks %
Representation and Summary ...................................... 2
Boxplot ........................................................................ 10
Histograms .................................................................. 15
Probability ................................................................... 22
Correlation and Regression......................................... 30
Discrete Random Variable .......................................... 36
Normal Distribution .................................................... 41

Munem Ahmed

1
 Representation and Summary

HOMEWORK MARK SUBMISSION DATE TARGET GRADE HOMEWORK GRADE

SECTION B: SELF ASSESSMENT (to be completed by student)

Please identify the areas in which you feel you have strengths and those in which you need to
improve. Provide evidence to support yourself assessment with reference to the content of your
homework.

STRENGTHS AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT

SECTION C: TUTOR FEEDBACK

STRENGTHS AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT

2
1. The number of caravans on Seaview caravan site on each night in August last year is
summarised in the following stem and leaf diagram.

Caravans 1|0 means 10 Totals

1 0 5 (2)
2 1 2 4 8 (4)
3 0 3 3 3 4 7 8 8 (8)
4 1 1 3 5 8 8 8 9 9 (9)
5 2 3 6 6 7 (5)
6 2 3 4 (3)

(a) Find the three quartiles of these data.

(3)

During the same month, the least number of caravans on Northcliffe caravan site was
31. The maximum number of caravans on this site on any night that month was 72. The
three quartiles for this site were 38, 45 and 52 respectively.

(b) On page 4 and using the same scale, draw box plots to represent the data for
both caravan sites. You may assume that there are no outliers.

(6)

(c) Compare and contrast these two box plots.

(3)

(d) Give an interpretation to the upper quartiles of these two distributions.

(2)
(Total 14 marks)

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4
2. Over a period of time, the number of people x leaving a hotel each morning was
recorded. These data are summarised in the stem and leaf diagram below.

Number leaving 3 2 means 32 Totals

2 7 9 9 (3)
3 2 2 3 5 6 (5)
4 0 1 4 8 9 (5)
5 2 3 3 6 6 6 8 (7)
6 0 1 4 5 (4)
7 2 3 (2)
8 1 (1)

For these data,

(a) write down the mode,

(1)

(b) find the values of the three quartiles.

(3)

Given that Σx = 1335 and Σx2 = 71 801 find

(c) the mean and the standard deviation of these data.

(4)

One measure of skewness is found using

mean – mode
.
standard deviation

(d) Evaluate this measure to show that these data are negatively skewed.
(2)

(e) Give two other reasons why these data are negatively skewed.
(4)
(Total 14 marks)

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6
3. In a study of how students use their mobile telephones, the phone usage of a random
sample of 11 students was examined for a particular week.

The total length of calls, y minutes, for the 11 students were

17, 23, 35, 36, 51, 53, 54, 55, 60, 77, 110

(a) Find the median and quartiles for these data.

(3)

A value that is greater than Q3 + 1.5 × (Q3 – Q1) or smaller than Q1 – 1.5 × (Q3 – Q1) is
defined as an outlier.

(b) Show that 110 is the only outlier.

(2)

(c) Using the graph below draw a box plot for these data indicating clearly the
position of the outlier.

(3)

The value of 110 is omitted.

(d) Show that Syy for the remaining 10 students is 2966.9

(3)

These 10 students were each asked how many text messages, x, they sent in the same week.

The values of Sxx and Sxy for these 10 students are Sxx = 3463.6 and Sxy = –18.3.

(e) Calculate the product moment correlation coefficient between the number of
text messages sent and the total length of calls for these 10 students.
(2)

A parent believes that a student who sends a large number of text messages will spend
fewer minutes on calls.

(f) Comment on this belief in the light of your calculation in part (e).
(1)
(Total 14 marks)

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9
 Boxplot

HOMEWORK MARK SUBMISSION DATE TARGET GRADE HOMEWORK GRADE

SECTION B: SELF ASSESSMENT (to be completed by student)

Please identify the areas in which you feel you have strengths and those in which you need to
improve. Provide evidence to support yourself assessment with reference to the content of your
homework.

STRENGTHS AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT

SECTION C: TUTOR FEEDBACK

STRENGTHS AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT

10
1. Aeroplanes fly from City A to City B. Over a long period of time the number of minutes
delay in take-off from City A was recorded. The minimum delay was 5 minutes and the
maximum delay was 63 minutes. A quarter of all delays were at most 12 minutes, half
were at most 17 minutes and 75% were at most 28 minutes. Only one of the delays was
longer than 45 minutes.

An outlier is an observation that falls either 1.5 x (interquartile range) above the upper
quartile or 1.5 x (interquartile range) below the lower quartile.

(a) On graph paper, draw a box plot to represent these data.

(7)

(b) Comment on the distribution of delays. Justify your answer.

(2)

(c) Suggest how the distribution might be interpreted by a passenger who frequently
flies from City A to City B.
(1)

(Total 10 marks)

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2. (a) Describe the main features and uses of a box plot.
(3)

Children from school A and B took part in a fun run for charity. The times to the nearest
minute, taken by the children from school A are summarised in the figure below.

School A

10 20 40 50 60
30
Time (minutes)

(b) (i) Write down the time by which 75% of the children in school A had
completed the run.
(1)

(ii) State the name given to this value.

(1)

(c) Explain what you understand by the two crosses ( ) on the figure above.
(2)

13
For school B the least time taken by any of the children was 25 minutes and the longest time
was 55 minutes. The three quartiles were 30, 37 and 50 respectively.

(d) Draw a box plot to represent the data from school B.

(4)

(e) Compare and contrast these two box plots.

(4)
(Total 15 marks)

14
 Histograms

HOMEWORK MARK SUBMISSION DATE TARGET GRADE HOMEWORK GRADE

SECTION B: SELF ASSESSMENT (to be completed by student)

Please identify the areas in which you feel you have strengths and those in which you need to
improve. Provide evidence to support yourself assessment with reference to the content of your
homework.

STRENGTHS AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT

SECTION C: TUTOR FEEDBACK

STRENGTHS AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT

15
1. The variable x was measured to the nearest whole number. Forty observations are
given in the table below.

x 10 – 15 16 – 18 19 –
Frequency 15 9 16

A histogram was drawn and the bar representing the 10 – 15 class has a width of 2 cm
and a height of 5 cm. For the 16 – 18 class find

(a) the width,

(1)

(b) the height

(2)

of the bar representing this class.

(Total 3 marks)

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2. A teacher selects a random sample of 56 students and records, to the nearest hour, the
time spent watching television in a particular week.

Hours 1–10 11–20 21–25 26–30 31–40 41–59

Frequency 6 15 11 13 8 3
Mid-point 5.5 15.5 28 50

(a) Find the mid-points of the 21–25 hour and 31–40 hour groups.
(2)

A histogram was drawn to represent these data. The 11–20 group was represented by a
bar of width 4 cm and height 6 cm.

(b) Find the width and height of the 26–30 group.

(3)

(c) Estimate the mean and standard deviation of the time spent watching television
by these students.
(5)

(d) Use linear interpolation to estimate the median length of time spent watching
television by these students.
(2)

The teacher estimated the lower quartile and the upper quartile of the time spent
watching television to be 15.8 and 29.3 respectively.

(e) State, giving a reason, the skewness of these data.

(2)
(Total 14 marks)

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3. In a shopping survey a random sample of 104 teenagers were asked how many hours,
to the nearest hour, they spent shopping in the last month. The results are summarised
in the table below.

Number of hours Mid-point Frequency

0–5 2.75 20
6–7 6.5 16
8 – 10 9 18
11 – 15 13 25
16 – 25 20.5 15
26 – 50 38 10

A histogram was drawn and the group (8 – 10) hours was represented by a rectangle
that was 1.5 cm wide and 3 cm high.

(a) Calculate the width and height of the rectangle representing the group (16 – 25)
hours.
(3)

(b) Use linear interpolation to estimate the median and interquartile range.
(5)

(c) Estimate the mean and standard deviation of the number of hours spent
shopping.
(4)

(d) State, giving a reason, the skewness of these data.

(2)

(e) State, giving a reason, which average and measure of dispersion you would
recommend to use to summarise these data.
(2)
(Total 16 marks)

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21
 Probability

HOMEWORK MARK SUBMISSION DATE TARGET GRADE HOMEWORK GRADE

SECTION B: SELF ASSESSMENT (to be completed by student)

Please identify the areas in which you feel you have strengths and those in which you need to
improve. Provide evidence to support yourself assessment with reference to the content of your
homework.

STRENGTHS AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT

SECTION C: TUTOR FEEDBACK

STRENGTHS AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT

22
1. A jar contains 2 red, 1 blue and 1 green bead. Two beads are drawn at random from the
jar without replacement.

(a) Draw a tree diagram to illustrate all the possible outcomes and associated
probabilities. State your probabilities clearly.
(3)

(b) Find the probability that a blue bead and a green bead are drawn from the jar.
(2)
(Total 5 marks)

23
2. A fair die has six faces numbered 1, 2, 2, 3, 3 and 3. The die is rolled twice and the
number showing on the uppermost face is recorded each time.

Find the probability that the sum of the two numbers recorded is at least 5.
(Total 5 marks)

24
3. A company assembles drills using components from two sources. Goodbuy supplies 85%
of the components and Amart supplies the rest. It is known that 3% of the components
supplied by Goodbuy are faulty and 6% of those supplied by Amart are faulty.

(a) Represent this information on a tree diagram.

(3)

An assembled drill is selected at random.

(b) Find the probability that it is not faulty.

(3)
(Total 6 marks)

25
4. (a) Given that P(A) = a and P(B) = b express P(A  B) in terms of a and b when

(i) A and B are mutually exclusive,

(ii) A and B are independent.

(2)

Two events R and Q are such that

P(R ∩ Q´) = 0.15, P(Q) = 0.35 and P(R|Q) = 0.1

Find the value of

(b) P(R  Q),

(1)

(c) P(R ∩ Q),

(2)

(d) P(R).
(2)
(Total 7 marks)

26
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5. There are 180 students at a college following a general course in computing. Students
on this course can choose to take up to three extra options.

112 take systems support,

70 take developing software,
81 take networking,
35 take developing software and systems support,
28 take networking and developing software,
40 take systems support and networking,
4 take all three extra options.

(a) Draw a Venn diagram to represent this information.

(5)

A student from the course is chosen at random.

Find the probability that this student takes

(b) none of the three extra options,

(1)

(c) networking only.

(1)

Students who want to become technicians take systems support and networking. Given
that a randomly chosen student wants to become a technician,

(d) find the probability that this student takes all three extra options.
(2)
(Total 9 marks)

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29
 Correlation and Regression

HOMEWORK MARK SUBMISSION DATE TARGET GRADE HOMEWORK GRADE

SECTION B: SELF ASSESSMENT (to be completed by student)

Please identify the areas in which you feel you have strengths and those in which you need to
improve. Provide evidence to support yourself assessment with reference to the content of your
homework.

STRENGTHS AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT

SECTION C: TUTOR FEEDBACK

STRENGTHS AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT

30
1. Gary compared the total attendance, x, at home matches and the total number of goals,
y, scored at home during a season for each of 12 football teams playing in a league. He
correctly calculated:

Sxx = 1022500 Syy = 130.9 Sxy = 8825

(a) Calculate the product moment correlation coefficient for these data.
(2)

(b) Interpret the value of the correlation coefficient.

(1)

Helen was given the same data to analyse. In view of the large numbers involved she
decided to divide the attendance figures by 100. She then calculated the product
x
moment correlation coefficient between and y.
100

(c) Write down the value Helen should have obtained.

(1)
(Total 4 marks)

31
2. The volume of a sample of gas is kept constant. The gas is heated and the pressure, p, is
measured at 10 different temperatures, t. The results are summarised below.

Σp = 445 Σp2 = 38 125 Σt = 240 Σt2 = 27 520 Σpt = 26 830

(a) Find Spp and Spt.

(3)

Given that Stt = 21 760,

(b) calculate the product moment correlation coefficient.

(2)

(c) Give an interpretation of your answer to part (b).

(1)
(Total 6 marks)

32
3. An experiment carried out by a student yielded pairs of (x, y) observations such that

x = 36, y = 28.6, Sxx = 4402, Sxy = 3477.6

(a) Calculate the equation of the regression line of y on x in the form y = a + bx. Give
your values of a and b to 2 decimal places.
(3)
(b) Find the value of y when x = 45.
(1)
(Total 4 marks)

33
4. The weight, w grams, and the length, l mm, of 10 randomly selected newborn turtles
are given in the table below.

l 49.0 52.0 53.0 54.5 54.1 53.4 50.0 51.6 49.5 51.2
w 29 32 34 39 38 35 30 31 29 30

(You may use Sll = 33.381 Swl = 59.99 Sww = 120.1)

(a) Find the equation of the regression line of w on l in the form w = a + bl.
(5)
(b) Use your regression line to estimate the weight of a newborn turtle of length 60
mm.
(2)
(c) Comment on the reliability of your estimate giving a reason for your answer.
(2)
(Total 9 marks)

34
35
 Discrete Random Variable

HOMEWORK MARK SUBMISSION DATE TARGET GRADE HOMEWORK GRADE

SECTION B: SELF ASSESSMENT (to be completed by student)

Please identify the areas in which you feel you have strengths and those in which you need to
improve. Provide evidence to support yourself assessment with reference to the content of your
homework.

STRENGTHS AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT

SECTION C: TUTOR FEEDBACK

STRENGTHS AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT

36
1. The discrete random variable X can take only the values 2, 3 or 4. For these values the
cumulative distribution function is defined by

( x  k )2
F( x)  for x  2,3,4
25

where k is a positive integer.

(a) Find k.
(2)

(b) Find the probability distribution of X.

(3)
(Total 5 marks)

37
2. The random variable X has the discrete uniform distribution

P(X = x) = 1 , x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
5

(a) Write down the value of E(X) and show that Var(X) = 2.
(3)

Find

(b) E(3X – 2),

(2)

(c) Var(4 – 3X).

(2)
(Total 7 marks)

38
3. A discrete random variable X has a probability function as shown in the table below, where a
and b are constants.
x 0 1 2 3
P(X = x) 0.2 0.3 b a

Given that E(X) = 1.7,

(a) find the value of a and the value of b.

(5)

Find

(b) P(0 < X < 1.5),

(1)

(c) E(2X – 3).

(2)

(d) Show that Var(X) = 1.41.

(3)

(e) Evaluate Var(2X – 3).

(2)
(Total 13 marks)

39
40
 Normal Distribution

HOMEWORK MARK SUBMISSION DATE TARGET GRADE HOMEWORK GRADE

SECTION B: SELF ASSESSMENT (to be completed by student)

Please identify the areas in which you feel you have strengths and those in which you need to
improve. Provide evidence to support yourself assessment with reference to the content of your
homework.

STRENGTHS AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT

SECTION C: TUTOR FEEDBACK

STRENGTHS AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT

41
1. The lifetimes of batteries used for a computer game have a mean of 12 hours and a
standard deviation of 3 hours. Battery lifetimes may be assumed to be normally
distributed.

Find the lifetime, t hours, of a battery such that 1 battery in 5 will have a lifetime longer
than t.
(Total 6 marks)

42
2. The random variable X has a normal distribution with mean 20 and standard deviation
4.

(a) Find P(X > 25).

(3)

(b) Find the value of d such that P(20 < X < d) = 0.4641
(4)
(Total 7 marks)

43
3. The random variable X is normally distributed with mean µ and variance σ 2.

(a) Write down 3 properties of the distribution of X.

(3)

Given that µ = 27 and σ = 10

(b) find P(26 < X < 28).

(4)
(Total 7 marks)

44
4. The weight of coffee in glass jars labelled 100 g is normally distributed with mean
101.80 g and standard deviation 0.72 g. The weight of an empty glass jar is normally
distributed with mean 260.00 g and standard deviation 5.45 g. The weight of a glass jar
is independent of the weight of the coffee it contains.

Find the probability that a randomly selected jar weighs less than 266 g and contains
less than 100 g of coffee. Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
(Total 8 marks)

45
46
5. The weights of bags of popcorn are normally distributed with mean of 200 g and 60% of
all bags weighing between 190 g and 210 g.

(a) Write down the median weight of the bags of popcorn.

(1)

(b) Find the standard deviation of the weights of the bags of popcorn.
(5)

A shopkeeper finds that customers will complain if their bag of popcorn weighs less
than 180 g.

(c) Find the probability that a customer will complain.

(3)
(Total 9 marks)

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