Index

1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Scope
1.3 Overview
2. General Description
2.1 Function
2.2 User Community
3. Functional Requirements
3.1 Possible Outcomes
3.2 Ranked Order
3.3 Input-Output Relationship
4. User Interface Requirements
4.1 Software Interfaces
4.2 Examples
5. Hardware Requirements
6. Performance Requirements
6.1 Response Time
6.2 Throughput
6.3 Scalability
7. Schedule
7.1 Timeline
7.2 Budget
8. Appendices
8.1 Supplementary Information
8.2 Glossary
8.3 Assumptions and Dependencies
Topic: IoT-Based Smart Agriculture System

1. Introduction

1.1 Purpose

The purpose of the IoT-Based Smart Agriculture System is to improve agricultural productivity and
efficiency by leveraging IoT technologies. The system provides real-time monitoring and control over
environmental factors such as soil moisture, temperature, and humidity. It aids farmers in making
data-driven decisions, automating irrigation, and ensuring optimal crop conditions. This project
addresses the growing need for sustainable and technology-driven farming practices.

1.2 Scope

This project focuses on developing a smart agriculture solution suitable for small to medium-sized
farms. Key functionalities include:

• Real-time monitoring of soil and environmental conditions.

• Automated irrigation based on predefined thresholds.

• Mobile notifications for critical alerts.

• Historical data storage for trend analysis and decision-making.

• Modular design to incorporate additional sensors or features in the future.

The system does not initially include advanced machine learning but allows integration with
predictive analytics models. The primary goals are cost-effectiveness, simplicity, and scalability.

1.3 Overview

The system architecture includes:

• Sensor Module: Soil moisture, temperature, and humidity sensors capture environmental
data.

• Microcontroller Unit: Arduino or Raspberry Pi processes sensor data and manages system
functions.

• IoT Cloud Platform: Data is uploaded to the cloud for storage and visualization using
platforms like ThingsBoard or Blynk.

• Mobile Application: Provides a user-friendly interface for real-time monitoring and manual
control.

• Actuator Control: Activates irrigation pumps or other devices based on sensor inputs.

2. General Description

2.1 Function

The IoT-Based Smart Agriculture System performs the following core functions:
 1. Real-Time Monitoring:

o Continuously monitors soil moisture, temperature, and humidity.

o Displays live data on a dashboard or mobile application.

2. Automated Irrigation:

o Activates irrigation systems when soil moisture falls below a predefined threshold.

o Ensures water conservation by preventing over-irrigation.

3. Alert Notifications:

o Sends alerts for critical conditions like extreme temperatures or low soil moisture.

4. Historical Data Logging:

o Stores data for long-term analysis to identify trends and optimize farming practices.

5. Remote Control:

o Allows manual control of irrigation systems via a mobile app or web interface.

2.2 User Community

The system is designed for:

• Small-Scale Farmers: To optimize water usage and monitor crop health.

• Agricultural Cooperatives: For collective farm management.

• Research Institutes: To study the impact of environmental factors on crop yields.

• Urban Gardeners: To manage smart gardening systems in limited spaces.

3. Functional Requirements

3.1 Possible Outcomes

• Environmental Monitoring:
Sensors provide real-time data on soil moisture, temperature, and humidity.

• Automated Irrigation:
Microcontrollers activate irrigation systems when thresholds are breached.

• Mobile Alerts:
Notifications for extreme environmental conditions or system malfunctions.

• Data Analysis:
Provides insights into environmental trends and crop conditions.

3.2 Ranked Order

• High Priority:

o Sensor data acquisition and real-time updates.

o Mobile notifications for alerts.

• Medium Priority:

o Historical data logging and trend visualization.

o Modular design for additional sensors or features.

• Low Priority:

o Advanced analytics for predictive modeling.

o Integration with weather forecasting APIs.

3.3 Input-Output Relationship

• Input:

o Sensor readings (soil moisture, temperature, humidity).

o User-defined thresholds for irrigation.

• Output:

o Real-time sensor data displayed on the dashboard.

o Notifications and alerts for critical conditions.

o Activation of irrigation systems.

4. User Interface Requirements

4.1 Software Interfaces

• Backend Framework: Python (Flask or Django) manages data processing and cloud
integration.

• Frontend Tools: HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for dashboards and mobile app interfaces.

• Cloud Platform: ThingsBoard or AWS IoT for data storage and visualization.

• Notification Services: Firebase Cloud Messaging or Twilio for mobile alerts.

4.2 Examples

• Dashboard:

o Displays live sensor data with graphical visualizations.

o Highlights abnormal conditions for immediate action.

• Mobile App:

o Enables manual control of irrigation systems.

o Configures alert thresholds and notification preferences.

o Displays error messages for sensor failures or network issues.

5. Hardware Requirements

• Microcontroller:

o Minimum: Arduino UNO or Raspberry Pi Zero.

o Recommended: Raspberry Pi 4 for higher processing power.

• Sensors:

o Soil Moisture Sensor.

o DHT11/DHT22 for temperature and humidity.

• Power Supply:

o Minimum: 5V USB power source.

o Recommended: Solar panels for sustainability.

• Actuators:

o Relay modules for controlling irrigation pumps.

• Network:

o Wi-Fi module (ESP8266 or similar) for IoT connectivity.

6. Performance Requirements

6.1 Response Time

• Sensor data update frequency: Every 5 seconds.

• Irrigation activation: Less than 1 second delay.

• Alert notifications: Within 2 seconds of threshold breach.

6.2 Throughput

• Sensor data sampling: 10 samples per second per sensor.

• Data upload: Support up to 1 Mbps network throughput.

6.3 Scalability

• Horizontal scalability: Add more sensors for larger farms.

• Cloud elasticity: Dynamically allocate resources based on data volume.

7. Schedule
7.1 Timeline

• Phase 1: Requirement Analysis and Design (2 weeks):

o Finalize functional specifications and hardware requirements.

o Design system architecture and sensor placement.

• Phase 2: Development (5 weeks):

o Hardware Setup (2 weeks):

▪ Connect sensors and microcontrollers.

▪ Test basic functionality.

o Software Development (3 weeks):

▪ Backend API and database setup.

▪ Dashboard and mobile app development.

• Phase 3: Testing and Deployment (3 weeks):

o Unit and integration testing.

o Deploy system on a test farm and monitor performance.

7.2 Budget

• Estimated cost: $150–$250 depending on hardware and cloud services.

8. Appendices

8.1 Supplementary Information

• Sensors: Soil Moisture Sensor, DHT22.

• Microcontroller: Arduino UNO or Raspberry Pi.

• IoT Platform: ThingsBoard for cloud connectivity.

8.2 Glossary

• IoT: Internet of Things.

• Threshold: Predefined value for triggering actions.

• Actuators: Devices controlling mechanical systems (e.g., pumps).

8.3 Assumptions and Dependencies

• Assumptions:

o Farmers have basic technical knowledge.

o Farms have stable internet connectivity.

• Dependencies:
o Reliable hardware and cloud service availability.