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Unit IV-Communications

The document discusses the communication pathways between the immune system and the brain, highlighting three routes: humoral, neural, and cellular. It explains how neurons transmit signals through electrical impulses along axons, influenced by the insulating myelin sheath. Additionally, it emphasizes the brain's complexity in processing various signals received from the nervous system.

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khushpatel1222
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9 views3 pages

Unit IV-Communications

The document discusses the communication pathways between the immune system and the brain, highlighting three routes: humoral, neural, and cellular. It explains how neurons transmit signals through electrical impulses along axons, influenced by the insulating myelin sheath. Additionally, it emphasizes the brain's complexity in processing various signals received from the nervous system.

Uploaded by

khushpatel1222
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Communications: Neural and humoral, autonomous nervous sytem

Brain is acting as the control center of animals. It is interesting to see how communications
are made between central nervous system and immune cells. It happens in three routes which
can act as parallel . The illustration is as follows

Pathways involved in the immune-to-brain communication. Three pathways participate in the


immune-to-brain communication: humoral, neural and cellular (leukocyte) routes.
Macrophages sense the presence of pathogens through chemical mechanism. Infections and
injury lead to inflammation. This activates signalling pathways.

“Neurons communicate with each other through electrical and chemical signals, The electrical
signal, or action potential, runs from the cell body area to the axon terminals, through a thin
fiber called axon. Some of these axons can be very long and most of them are very short. The
electrical signal that runs along the axon is based on ion movement. The speed of the signal
transmission is influenced by an insulating layer called myelin, Myelin is a fatty layer formed
and its main purpose is to insulate the neuron’s axon. This prevent neuronal impulses from
spreading in unwanted directions. The lipid-rich myelin sheath, therefore, acts as an insulator,
offering high transverse resistance and only allowing a current to flow along with the segments.
Myelin has properties of low capacitance and high electrical resistance which means it can act
as an insulator
The brain is one the most complicated machine. Its function is to receive and send signals. It
happens through the nervous system. The general organization of the nervous system is as
follows

The signals received are of different types and has to be processed separately. Further the
signals are received and communicated through different structural organizations
(tissues/bones etc) The living systems has solved this issue with the help of modifying the
structure of neurons. Thus we have different types of neurons

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