Applied Electronics and Instrumentation

AET448 INSTRUMENTATION AND CATEGORY L T P CREDIT

CONTROL FOR PEC 2 1 0 3
PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES

Preamble:
The course is designed to learn about the instrumentation systems used in petrochemical
industries. The major objectives of the course are to give an exposure on the important
parameters to be monitored and analysed in these industries and to imbibe knowledge in various
techniques used for the measurement of primary industry parameters.

Course Outcomes:
After the completion of the course the student will be able to

CO 1 Discuss the origin and favourable geological conditions for the formation and
accumulation of petroleum and natural gas.

CO 2 Explain the processes involved in petroleum production.

CO 3 Interpret or create P&I diagrams for any process.

CO 4 Understand the control of petroleum industries equipment such as Distillation

Column, Heat Exchangers, Evaporators and Pumps.

CO 5 Explain the necessity of considering economic and safety/pollutionfactors in

petrochemical engineering design and practice

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO 1 PO 2 PO PO PO 5 PO 6 PO 7 PO 8 PO 9 PO PO PO
3 4 10 11 12
CO 1 2 3
CO 2 2 3
CO 3 2 3 3
CO 4 2 2 2 3
CO 5 2 2 2 3 3
Assessment Pattern
Bloom’s Category Continuous Assessment Tests End Semester Examination
1 2
Remember
Understand 40 40 80
Apply 10 10 20
Analyse
Evaluate
Create
 Applied Electronics and Instrumentation

Mark distribution

Total CIE ESE ESE Duration

Marks

150 50 100 3 hours

Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:

Attendance : 10 marks
Continuous Assessment Test (2 numbers) : 25 marks

Assignment/Quiz/Course project : 15 marks

End Semester Examination Pattern:

There will be two parts; Part A and Part B. Part A contain 10 questions with 2 questions from each
module, having 3 marks for each question. Students should answer all questions. Part B contains 2
questions from each module of which student should answer any one. Each question can have
maximum 2 sub-divisions and carry 14 marks.

Course Level Assessment Questions

Course Outcome 1 (CO1):

1. Summarize about source rock maturation and migration.

2. Discuss in detail the process of entrapment of oil and gas in a petroleum reservoir with
a neat diagram.

3. Describe the process of generation of petroleum in source rocks in detail.

4. Explain about different oil and gas traps: Anticline trap, Fault trap, Stratigraphic trap,
Salt dome trap.
5. Understand the different refinery products.

Course Outcome 2 (CO2):

1. Explain the process of extracting the petroleum products through distillation column
and thermal conversion process.

2. How ethylene, acetylene and propylene are produced from petroleum.

3. Explain the conversion process such as catalytic cracking and catalytic hydro
reforming.
Course Outcome 3 (CO3):

1. What are instrument categories and which instruments are handled by piping
department?
 Applied Electronics and Instrumentation

2. What is the use of P&ID diagram and how many of its types?
3. Draw the P&ID diagram of the given process?
Course Outcome 4 (CO4):

1. Explain the cascade control of a chemical reactor with heating and cooling facilities.

2. Describe the physical mechanism and importance of dryers in petroleum refineries and
the construction of tray dryers.
3. Explain the temperature and pressure control in the chemical reactors.
4. Explain Instrumentation and control of evaporators
5. Explain the Physics of a Liquid to liquid heat exchanger. Discuss the mechanisms
involved
Course Outcome 5 (CO5):

1. With sketches and block diagrams, explain effluent and water treatment control.

2. How is chemical oxidation method utilized in waste water treatment?

3. Give an account of instrumentation and control in effluent treatment.

 Applied Electronics and Instrumentation

Model Question paper

Course Code: AET448

Course Name: INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL FOR PETROCHEMICAL

INDUSTRIES

Max.Marks:100 Duration: 3 Hours

PARTA

Answer all Questions. Each question carries 3 Marks

1. Summarize about source rock maturation and migration.

2. Discuss in detail the process of entrapment of oil and gas in a petroleum reservoir with
a neat diagram.

3. What is meant by the term coking? How it is performed?

4. How ethylene and propylene is produced from petroleum?

5. Draw the P&ID diagram of various process lines?

6. How are variables detected in continuous dryers?

7. Explain the operation of heat exchangers used in petroleum industry?

8. What is Reboiler? Sum up their salient features?

9. What do you mean by throttling control?

10. How is chemical oxidation method utilized in waste water treatment?

PART B

Answer any one full question from each module. Each question carries 14 Marks

Module 1

11. Describe the process of generation of petroleum in source rocks in detail.

12. Explain about different oil and gas traps: Anticline trap, Fault trap, Stratigraphic trap,
Salt dome trap.
Module 2

13. Explain the catalytic cracking process with neat sketch?

 Applied Electronics and Instrumentation

14. Explain the process of crude oil distillation with a brief process flow diagram

Module 3

15. With the help of a neat sketch explain cascade control of a chemical reactor with heating
and cooling facilities
16. Explain any two methods of temperature control in chemical reactors

Module 4

17. Explain Instrumentation and control of any two types of evaporators

18. Explain the aspects of a feed forward control. How will you apply computer
technologies to this system?

Module 5

19. Explain ON-OFF control and throttling control of reciprocating pumps in detail.

20. Discuss the methods of ON/OFF control of

a) Rotary Pumps
b) Reciprocating Pumps
 Applied Electronics and Instrumentation

INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL FOR PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES

Syllabus

Module 1: BASICS OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERING (7 Hours)

Origin of Petroleum, oil and gas traps. Physical and chemical characteristics of crude oil, source
rock and maturation, Migration of oil mechanism. Reservoir rock and cap rocks. Application
of remote sensing in petroleum resource development, Basin exploration strategies.
Entrapment of oil-type mechanisms. Refinery Products, Refinery Steps.

Module 2: PROCESSES IN PETROLEUM INDUSTRIES (7 Hours)

Atmospheric Distillation of Crude oil – Vacuum Distillation of Crude Oil – Coking Thermal
Process- Chemical oxidation-Chemical reduction-Polymerisation-Alkylation-Isomerisation-
Production of Ethylene, Acetylene- and propylene from petroleum.

Catalytic Cracking Process, Catalytic reforming process.

Module 3: CONTROL IN PETROLEUM INDUSTRIES (7 Hours)

P&I Symbols: Process lines, Instrument bubbles, Process Equipment, Valve Types. P&I
Diagram of Petroleum Refinery – Control of Distillation Column – Temperature Control – Feed
Control – Reflux Control – Reboiler Control- Control of Chemical Reactors: Temperature
Control, Pressure Control

Module 4: CONTROL IN PETROLEUM INDUSTRIES (7 Hours)

Control of Heat Exchangers and Evaporators – Variables and Degrees of freedom – Liquid to
Liquid Heat Exchangers – Steam Heaters – Condenser – Reboiler and Vaporizers – Cascade
Control – Feed forward Control. Evaporators: Types of Evaporators.

Module 5: CONTROL and SAEFTY IN PETROLEUM INDUSTRIES (7 Hours)

Control of Pumps: Centrifugal Pumps: On-off control – Pressure Control- Flow Control –
Throttling Control – Rotary Pumps: On-off Control Pressure Control. Reciprocating Pumps:
On-off Control and Throttling Control.

Effluent and Water Treatment Control: Chemical Oxidation – Chemical Reduction –

Naturalization – Precipitation – Biological control.
 Applied Electronics and Instrumentation

Reference Books

1. J. CH Garry, Hardward G.E and M.J.Kaiser, Petroleum Refining Technology and economics
CRC Press V Edition

2. Liptak B.G. Instrumentation in process industries, Chilton book Company, 1994

3. Dr. Ram Prasad, “Petroleum Refining Technology”, Khanna Publisher, 1st edition, 2000.

4. Liptak B.G, “Instrument Engineers Handbook”, Volume II, 1989.

Course Contents and Lecture Schedule

No Topic No. of
Lectures
1 Module 1 (7 hours)
Origin of Petroleum, oil and gas traps. Physical and chemical
1.1 characteristics of crude oil, source rock and maturation. Migration of 3 hrs
oil mechanism.
Reservoir rock and cap rocks. Application of remote sensing in
1.2 petroleum resource development, Basin exploration strategies.
3 hrs
Entrapment of oil-type mechanisms.
1.3 Refinery Products and Refinery Steps 1hr
2 Module 2 (7 hours)
2.1 Atmospheric Distillation of Crude oil 1 hr

2.2 Vacuum Distillation of Crude Oil 1 hr

2.3 Coking and Thermal Process 1 hr

Chemical oxidation-Chemical Reduction-Polymerisation-

2.4 2 hrs
Alkylation-Isomerisation

2.5 Production of Ethylene, Acetylene- and propylene from petroleum 1 hr

2.6 Catalytic Cracking Process, Catalytic reforming process. 1 hr

3 Module 3 (7 hours)

P&I Symbols: Process lines, Instrument bubbles, Process Equipments,

3.1 2 hrs
Valve Types. P&I Diagram of Petroleum Refinery

Control of Distillation Column – Temperature Control – Feed Control,

3.2 3 hrs
Reflux Control – Reboiler Control
 Applied Electronics and Instrumentation

3.3 Control of Chemical Reactors: Temperature Control, Pressure Control 2 hrs

4 Module 4 (7 hours)
4.1 Control of Heat Exchangers and Evaporators 1 hr
4.2 Variables and Degrees of freedom 1 hr
4.3 Liquid to Liquid Heat Exchangers – Steam Heaters – Condenser 2 hrs

4.4 Reboiler and Vaporizers 1 hr

4.5 Cascade Control – Feed forward Control. 1 hr

4.6 Evaporators: Types of Evaporators 1 hr

5 Module 5 (7 hours)
Control of Pumps: Centrifugal Pumps: On-off control – Pressure
5.1 2 hrs
Control- Flow Control – Throttling Control
Rotary Pumps: On-off Control, Pressure Control 2 hrs
5.2 Reciprocating Pumps: On-off Control and Throttling Control.

Effluent and Water Treatment Control: Chemical Oxidation – chemical

5.4 Reduction – Naturalization – Precipitation – Biological control. 3 hrs

Assignment:

At least two assignments should be given.