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Maths 2A Study Material

The document discusses various mathematical concepts including quadratic expressions, permutations, combinations, and probability. It also references the Theory of Equations and demonstrates the application of De Moivre's theorem. Additionally, it includes proofs and equations related to trigonometric identities and properties of roots in polynomial equations.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
88 views188 pages

Maths 2A Study Material

The document discusses various mathematical concepts including quadratic expressions, permutations, combinations, and probability. It also references the Theory of Equations and demonstrates the application of De Moivre's theorem. Additionally, it includes proofs and equations related to trigonometric identities and properties of roots in polynomial equations.

Uploaded by

sri24720189
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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Qt24+ 2 =8M Demoivse's theorem | 1-10 4474 2.=16M cerhactenamneli Quadratic expression) — [68-92|'84 | Gt. = 6M Theory of Equattions Was] q4+7+2= 16M Pewmutations and 18 ; = [485 Ut GbE AD Combinations L 84 =I4M Poatial Fractions legge tM Measures of 2b- ’ as} — ee Distersion 7+ 2=9M Probability Bei] 05. | — [a wet 8M Random Navi lavia bles cial es f pa. 2M Total Lae's a> 43 Total sae's — 68 Total vsae's —> 83 “‘DEMOTVRES THEOREM - C1] Sf ms am integer then show that atryrta-o sa < | gots fet serty = HT Sovmutas: Kel Gal ), Ms {e@ ry a= As@ige = JR — | Tone = Tan = * (eea “y(cose-ttstn6) “hand Ceasortstney™ casnot tstno “Tone = Tent 7 7 7 oe UC (oss ope a) " Moct~dimp of (144) = 7 Cos6-+%sin0) : +48 (cos itso) cee. = Ce (cos. 4 esto an AB" (cos ANT esto BEM) ” (os “i, tsto Mt) 6 Sw stator > = oF. =a (cos M4 esin MY + @ —scar0) Acteltng © and @) CH D™H EP raleos Me estnD ra (cos BI ttn | au at oi OT cca AT =ar(cos at esta ally aos FT - tsto FD) 9 au =a acos a ei ep: a. 5am) we CHEER CPP, aM Mags All a Ww gn am integer then show that CHO" C-T? = Beas eet sols Let we tty = We met, Yel Jano= Ix =a - Jed - fF a Tano = 1 (cose+fstne > casnot tstont Tone = + Tone = 1 = Ton! at ar am) 2, Moc - Amp for oF 14f = 1 (cose 4 7826) Wei Tt oUt eS ; agen. (tty = GIS Coosty+ ttn My) « ° (cos + tstn SU - a8 censAtty tstn LE) 9 © -———— | or sas NL ny ‘i Stenitonty, C1-1)~ a"@(cos All est Yt) —> & ——__ (em ocketing © and(s) Cty CET)? = a8 (costs est nM) 405) (cos - rs WZ) | =o tensa + rata tl +-cos ST ~ ttn | 2a acs ata ts ar at } Q 2 cosy Cam) aa j4 CEO) fe ceo? <9 oF cos an (3 YY F Bare the roots of Ihe equation x _axtu=o0 then for ony posttive tmtegey ‘nw’ show that 2B a "ens au 2" Given equalfon ts a®-axiu =o OF1, be -a, C=4 a .canlew®@ care [pate Q y={x@4y2 - at{aete Jane = Jf % polar form = ¥(cose+ tsine) = ne (eos6+tStn"= cosnot tsinno _ ot Cs ys oA es cya fet mrt = Vas i oo mer yr B . v= Loge TR Uay - (73 - {Gea Tone = > ax ‘Tomo = B Tamo= 13 - Ton tt o=f 2. Modl- fenp of 1443 = ¥(COSO + tgen0) = Tr u a(cosd + tstnB) = CVE (accosl + tstaly)? = aes M+ tsta Mt) - 0) Stmefaxly C1- WB)7- A(cos H - tt W)----- +7 @ acteting O amd @) 0+ BO = Catt C1 = Way) —————— (am) - accostll + sin BH! )1a%(cos GI - tata YF!) — Grn =2°(cos Wr tstn G+ + an ts to) att sa acs = nt cos CED) oe Rte ay ene Mt mis an tmlegey then shows that ticose # tetney?? C-+Cose - tstaey=! a” ons"(B) ~ cog a cae EN" cose tstnd = acos®2.4 t-astr¥ cos. rea9. aca] 1 = geos B (cos 4rsto8) (14 oso 4 tstnoy= (acos- 2 (0052. tsin 23)” (Pad) (os qton 4 ein} (tars! YP) Stmniforly 5. ' a tp-q)" - (pee) cost (tows ~ teink (tan ‘Ip)),. Acteting © ord @ q in Cp rtgy?s CP=8q) * ; JG : = cpg?! (cosh (tori) + tip (tan et cp? +9?) Yan (cost (ta Yp) = est Corr! Yp)) : pa yf cos (ton! Yp) + tsto (tori! Yp) + cos i ( tan! ¥, ~ isin (torr! Vp) = (pag)? a cos w(t! Yp) a) cpap? cos (a (torr! Yp)) ' ' k veprtay (p-tay = acpa py”. cos (% (taxi! Yp))) = Jpg? (eos Coss! Yp) 4 rst Cap) | £6} Shows that one vate of / od sol Ti eaelie LHts = a 14s%all ~tcost g UCDS. 8 EB sinha teos Tez EL l+ stall -7cos3 sfno= cos(40-6) cose: = SiN@O -6) cose+ SMO = 1 14.6050 = cos" Ap sino -asin cos cost = +1 SINT = Ow Consider rrcos(E- Rt sto(F-E = OS ae er \toos (E- BY - tsin(B-¥) BIL gitstn SE ~ toes yee ee vtcos = ego cos on a tasin cosy - sot Oe | aco - fa stn og cos : eabrte aces w(t BU 4 1st a) cam) acos Bt (cos ie 8S ar) ; (cos & atl, gin ITY (cos Se ait isin 3) (OP nig § SE ean (ens Slt —esin 32) (cos Fo + sto) : (cos Sg Est an? Sa cos any esto St ar ‘3it 5 ' : | cos Sy teste Fe 1 (am) " ‘| Now we o's eciied T (“ese : (eos stint? isto, “tcosit e = cost +tsinn = -14700) ; 40 ™ istnLytcosl \ Sls {{ ee mms Weg aw Lsta& teos's Sf Cosd+cosp4 cos? =0= Sine +SiNBt StAY then Prove that costy 1 cos*p i cofT=3 = siwhuasiehpa siPY ool? fet x=COSAt isin = Cisa “Y= COSBT isinp = cisp z= cosv + isinY ~ cis¥ ' sety4 7 = Cosattsind +cospst tstnB+ cost rtstn? = COSh+COSBt cosT + PC sind + Sing sin’) * Joymas: (etytzy"= oy 7 aay FAYZ AZ, Cos.ad = ACcoso—| coo = I~ sin®o- = orto) ye So om) Squasréng on boli Stdles eg coetyt ze =0 =a say Ba alocy ty24 220) =O ayy ee ot ae fees el > C2HYrETPT ALY? (Gen asp" ey =o 2 Le xy 24 accy 2 [Cts 4 ctsc pyr cts-¥)] =0 Ly sP4ef 794 ancy z (COSA tinal t Cosp- TSIMB 1cbsP— tstaT) = 9 2 > UZ! paccy? (COSLICOSB + COST — *(Stnatstnpt sin’ D =O a> DOH HZ 4 antex? CO ECO) =O > B4yPr7® = 0, ———_____++ (am) > cots Cetspy (cts¥P = 6 => CRSA + CLSABACESAY =O 3 Er COSad.t £SiNad +cos ABT TSIN aptcnsaVt tstn a? =o 7 COSAad+COSAB +0DS av +PCstinackt Strap. stn ay)=o equating real port > cosaddtcosaptcosav=o = -——________s (am) L, gensti-i-tacns*B-14acos’*¥-1r0 7 Ly aeoda Facds Bracos y= 3 Lea (cosateos B+COS? )= 3 a Ly cns’a+c0s 100s) eg ce 20) -———_ rm) Ls t- strat 1 StrPps stn = 2 ; Ly siPutsin’ pt sin) = x Sats.» Bet +s} Cm) 2 @ 2, cokurcosgrcosy 3 = StPkt SIP Bt SIT ~ 5 GF COSo +COSBA COSN.=0 = Binds Sint Siay tren show that 1) COSSLACOSBBT COSSV = 3CCOS CLIBITY rennet JD) cos 3a +Sin3p4 sins = 3Sin(atpi?) coy 12h 484 2? 3B) COSCAAB)4 COS(BHY) + cCOS(PHal) =O, “ Boyz, GM fot © - COS + fslnad = C1So (ctseadcesp) = 68S GHB) y = COsBt BstnB = ctsB 5 i Z =cnsV+esin? = cts¥ 4 L4YtE = COSd+ sind + cos Bt isinB+cos V+ tstnv |= DSALACOSBA COST + (sina +sinpst smy) _ = OFf(0) LAYTZ =0 sF4y8+79 = Boye cots? (ctspe+ (ets VP = 3 ctsuctsp cist hs Bot CIS BB 4 CIS SY > 3cesCot pty) COS Bol+ CSENSA + COS BBIPSiN 3B4+-COS V+ pein 8 = 3 cis@tipr?) (ossu1COS 3B ICOSST+ CSI gt Stn 3B sto3)= Bcos Apr) F \ atsin(atpty) ——? Gra equating veal pot Ics 3atCOS3B1COS3Y = 360s CAPA)“ 7 O ‘equating tenaginocry port SINSeltSin3pBt Sin ay = 3.Si0 (4 prt) -->@ \ | Consictey ery ts t ! \ + —— + “Sk” CISB CtSY = cosa~ BStnB1COSp ~tsind-4 COSY tsi? = COSd1 COSBECOS' ~ TCSiNdL SEN Bt siny) ‘ t \ my 2-44 = 0-f00 apts (as) =) Kytyetee _ meee aeytyt Zoe =0 CRSA CISB+CLSB CIS? +-ctsV Cise& = 0 COS (A+ B)+T8in WEB) COS(Bs IY) tT sh (BEV )+CO shat isin tw) =o COS (LF BD + COS(BAV COS (PHA 41 (CSIN (LAB) 4 SIOCBHV - Sin(¥tel)) = 0 equating Real parts COS (A+B) FCOSCBHY)+ COS CPHL) mibys aoe al ', COS3d+COS3B4 COS 3T= 3COS (at B17) Sin Bel 1 SIN SB SIN BY = 3 SinGuiptT) Cos (lth) +cos(p4+V)+cosCVtd) =O. LAQ's a4 Given 0 > Dd Ap Dd EP 3) He A) Given let ad,a,aid are wots of equation-s¢m) $= od+ataid- -3p | Yoots of 724 3px’ aqutdqo 4 that the show that ap? Pat) show that pix e 4° show — that ag = ¥ (3pq-r) equation x4 Spe'taqut¥= 0 ——C) @) i yools aye in pp But ‘a’ a+ apart ago. tT =0 af tet EP)" Ata+a: -ap Sa= -ap a= ~Pp 4 SH is @ voot of equation (1) app) + 3q(-p) +¥=0 =p*t 3p?— spq-4y-0 2p —apq 44-0 Hence (1) fs proved — sm) yoots 2,04 v ave tn Gop 5aY ave roots of pe TA APs ded a, aid are taken as | roots Sema Bee pb equation —> (im) THEORY OF EQUATIONS S3* 2-aron --¥ In G@P52,a,a1 a gr | taken as yoots ae cn? Rut ‘a’ ts @ zc of equoliona3 feo) f plenty’ +3q¢ ya 24450 “vise? - aqr +¥-0 83° fear ay ai apr? = qx cubing on both Sides PCa)? = gay? pir z= qs Pye q3 scam) Hence @) ‘s proved 3) Tf wots are tn HP FO = V4apr’y aqe +7=0 FCO)» GP se (x]424 [4] 40 = t_+apL_taq t+ Loner a t2q Lt Bye D> 14 Bprtaqe4+e7 Lo x VO43q 274 apt l=0 ave yoots | of (1) ave’ Hp yoots of @) ae in AP leb a-d, @, atd ove / yoots of equation@) S$ a-dtat+ard = 73y v 3a=- 34 v Soar a! ¥v . But ‘a is a voot of equation @) vo? + aqa' apa += 0 ED! + CH) 4 PC-H) +60 “V4 3¢°_ apy 1-0 ve ae 5 Tape — 4+ 3q3 - apqr+a”= 0 24¢°- apqy-1> ——>2m 2q = (BPG-V)¥ Hence @) fs proved Solve 18X34 91074 121%+460-0 .aiven thot one yoot is equal to holf the Sum of -the vernaining yools ai sol Given, equation 12x*4 gt 1alk+ 60-0 Given cbndition = Py L+¥ 2 We Ltd |} This ts the condition of rP Then the yoots are’ a-d, a, atd Sit @-d) tat Card) = ae Breese Q AP soots are ard, a, Atd- 4 3a: ~4 z Oe “3 — > aw) But ‘a’ is a yoot of given equatlion By synthetic diviston 1 Si pal. Go S)oq -24. -%1 60 The reduced equation is Iaa't64%+H0-0-%6 qx*aatxtao =o Ga? 415A TIAL 420-20 ax(an+s) +H (3145) r0 @x4+5) Carty) =o | TB @) tA 3 3 “The yoots ave i 3 ys Su. ta i ow (@m) Solve yx*-an x4 23% 412 <0 given the rools of | this equation are | In AP. Given Equation sa ayx'4o3xt18<0 let 054 0, ard equation: are roots of given Sut S- a-dtatatd = - Cau). 6 Ba: 6 s a-Q But a is a root of given equation By synthetic dtuision i -hy 88 18 2/0 3 -22 -l% oO hh =-& the reduced equation is 44"-16n-q-0@a) HV=18X+ 24-420 ax(ax-9)+ 1(as-9) 0 (axa) (artl) =O 24=q sxe~ | MU CV) Br 4 Gy z al The yoots ave $.24, 4 > (m) Ait dR Solve the Equation x2 4x41y%-9-0 given thot the yoots are tn Gp. Given equolion 42 4V7ia-g-0 Given thot roots. ae in Gp let o,a,ar ave the yoots of given equation Y Sa? Saray - -€9) ag o8= G)* a 2 = em) But ais a rot of equation By Synthetic division , In GP, aa, QY ove yoots, S$a°*H-a-ar y i =e I -@ 2/0 Qa -lo g 1 -5 uy oO the reduced equation ‘is Ve 5Lt HeO +m) Ve L+H =O : x (t-u) -1 (4-4) = 0 QD Ca-n)=0 Yh or we! » The yoots ave 1,8,4 —> Gy) Sdlve : av 9614 5a1-ay 20, given. that the yoots ave tn Jeornetrée progression - Given equation B- 26%'4 5241-24-06 leb Oia S50, a¥ ave the yoots of the equation Sxz G-d-ay = — (au) 3 ? ab. Er°P. Yoots a, A; OF a’: 2° A-2 — (em) i But ats a _yoot_of given equation é Basar By synthetic division, 3 - 26 52 - AY 2 oO 6 yo au 8 -20 1Q o The veduced equation is 3x-901+18=0 Gm) | ZBW=1WX-Axti2=O0 | 3x(4-6)-a(x-6) =0 G-6) (2ax-a) = 0 a6 (or) 3122 %6 (or) “S —> Gm) “ the ts | Yools aye 2, 2,6 — 34m) | el 2M Solve x4 x ox HatHe <0, given that the product of two tools fee. | st Given equation I tex yt Lao \ let A,B, %,8 be the yoots of given equation. Given that Product of two roots isg AB=6 S= At BtY1s=-! Sy> ABY + ABS + 3S + BYS= 1, Sp LHR AV HS By LPB AARS + LIS Sy = LEYS - 48 ee 6 (¥8)- is n= ABIS BS 8/6 8s? —> Ganj ABCTHS) + USCLtB) =H Cfrom $3) 6(BAS) + S(ltB) =u VGA) + 6EI- G46) =H Chom si) 3 (4B) ~ 6-6 (oltB) = a4 Q(t B= Ut6 a(a+@)= lo 4B 6 ay Lt p++ 8. _| 5+ 3t8- -| Y+S--6 G) we Know that (Co-p)?- Cotte) _ ~ Csy'- ule) = &5- ay (A-BY" 21 ; I a Bel —~— Cy is eo) coe know that Ci-s). (245), as = (6)-44 (2) = 36-3a Ce SY = y ado 2 (uy Solving © and @ oa BP el of tbh 2 5 Ta Solving @) and G1) I+ & -6 3-H 2 “SR = ay Ve -2Q from @Q -84+he-0¢ 8 = -6ta §- -4 2 The yYoots @vo ~-2,-4,2,3 —> mM) Solve + equation that they have iiven uation %* 6x24 134% 242436-0 given maltiple roots . ot ot Bx -aurtas-0 FCA = tL axtaisx sha +aged $'@D = W-19x"426x-au-0 F® ~ uD 19h 26(¢)~2u=0 : = u(2#)- 28a) +26(8) ~24=0 = (O&-l62 t48-24y=0 £(-0 Rut 23 fs vepeated roots of -f(x) — 6m) By Synthelic division The reduced equation is x44)-0 —¥cam) wey e+ Fy we tof 2 The voots ave 23,4021 —> (im) Le Solve : x4 443-2x~ 12% 44-0 : given thot it has tuo. poiitts Pairs of equal roots. Given equation —-y4 yy 3 24-12% 4920 Given equation thas two pair of equal xoots s let the voots be, ot, 8, @ —>CM) Sr ltadt+ BAB =-h . . " Sp= Xtet BIB Sy LBtU Bt Lp taps jo Sa: a'Bt A BtAB From & golt ope -y i ae 2(atB) = -4 (ote) 2a -—s (tH) From 53> p08 4 2etp* = Ip 2(o’e tan’) =I2 OB +t kph. 6 dp (ate) = 6 ap (-a)= 6 “b> -3 —> (Im) we know that (2-py - (tay Hap es 4-H) Fade - 6 Gm) X-B= 4 Solving @ and@ kdb: - 2 Af yy Qd= 2 a= 1 ‘ From (@) 1teB- -2 = ~3 2 The yvoots ave Rea 8 IF Solve xt uxt @x 435-0 3 given. that 21iG is a root - Given, Equalion ytux'ter435-0 atW3 is a root . of ae equation ately Yoot of given. equation —> dm) Sum of roots = 2111-1 BA Product of roots - (ati) (2-12) ata=4 —>@m) AB ave the wots of the equation x (sum of yoots)x + Product of the roots <0 Y t=0 > Mim) By horners method , yf] t Oo 4 & 35 6 6 16 206 © 0 O -+4 ~28 -35 HS o fo the — veduced equation {s x"44,445+0 —> (im) Us -yst ¥l6-20 ee te at leu 2 X= -utet 2 i etl + the voots are 1t8 -y4f 5 a) {. ka Solve: gx ay3. ota? 4 6204920 giver. that tuo of the yoots have the same absolute value, but ave opposite th sign. sly Given equation gy" ay? s4ytendqeo Given — condition ol=e-B sy Cim) t+p=0 ——() Se At BLBIS % tee Sy> LPI1 LBS 4 LVS + BIS = = “= Formulae 3 | Sis kBYS= 4 —> (ani) 2 Ste LH BE VtS From 3, ANB LPES = 6 +%aSat 7 a 4 @YS Wee 7} Sue ABYS Pom Sa, op (948) + YS(L+tP) = = PCY) + 8S (0) = 3 to2pe- -3 u H Sa> MBI+ LBS+LYS aps -3 fom §,, ABES= 4 Ca)C%S) = 4 ¥S= 3 —> @m) (oe Know that (A-BY = (oltR) Hap = O-n(-2) oR < {al = TAxS = af3 —@) We Know that C88)? . C348) 1,99 *ag 4S] 2 tok e > = 494 16 Fi ani le Qos ae ) Sol: Solving @) and @) olt+B = 0 oR = 3 We 2k a= Solve: Saari L424u=0 the yools are in the ration 3:9 Given Conditfon x3 Ax ty atoy =o Given Condition the wots are in the vatio 822 —>@m) 7 given that two of tet the roots are 24,20, 81> Blt Dat B= q > Bolte > B-9-5a a) B= Bde + 2okB + Br 22 > Gl EBLB = [yy @) Spr et B+yY Sa2 dP =i Spe Bd: 2k B= -9y GL» Be - 24 > LBs -y —©€) — 6m) From G) and @) Gol? 4 ACI Set) [yy Got + Hy Bol — el ly =0 “(IVY Gd-tH eo IQ? —L5R+tHEO 19a*~390-4ol 420 (4a (e- 2) ~ +(ct-2)-0 @-a) Ciaa-a) =0 &X=2 OY) = + iq 7 Com) TE &=& then from €quation @) Be 9-50) Be 4-10 Bz -1 “ The voots ave ay, 22, p = 30) 29 1 Satish = Gm) Sp ekat Li Bt Rid NS: HEASIRES OF “DISPERSION (219.241) EQ0 class interval has T calculate the Variance and standard deviation of the following frequency distribution - fieeuency 5 + 12 15 8 60-20 ,|a9-g0 : BS [d 4 = Varlante (Row) = c? [Efidi E le tidi “A ie Standard devation (Rov) = N e N Assumed wean A=65, C=lo, helo wefan: a) )] lass Frequen mid Point diz 41-65] g* I, [gra tatervol |" csi “4 botet ta) to |o a fie |20-uo 3 has =3) 4 |-4 | 24 |uo-so ia cus” -2 Y l-ly|a8 |So-60 i. se =| t feat ta pan-30 | 1S” 6s o Bo 16 lan-g0 | 98 a7 \ t Le [is li 80-90 3 BS 2 y iG 12 Qa-!op | ed Cha 3 9116 | ig Nzsfi hid! | 2 fidi?| =S0 eIS] = to Variance (pou) = co Stidi~ ayy oy | Garang Used | epee - (=f) ean cE io “PERE (207 = [00 . 22s] $0 S00 ioe [isa sion a8 x50 —225 2500 2 l00XS0Qs” A300 vavianle = ol Standard deviation (kow) = 5 NE figi=cs fidt)™ = Vol e standard deviaHon = fas = (ut8 -———> @H) | lool | ——____. — Bat S (1 tae) = 160 —————» 2 14 85 +4 235425= 34S | nean derivation obout, the median = 2 filai-H] | i nN - gus ! 1000 yoshi Wet de : = SIRS — en") “ean dertvation about the median is d8-145- pind the mean deviation from the mean of the following data, using the Stepdeviation method * Hean CY) = ae (£fi8) | Hean deviation about the dean = eff li-xl ~— | Ln aa the mean derfvation about median for the fouowing data- | 35-U0 oil cca oes sS-60]} 160 1151 1uU90 tno ‘30 7 | = sfilai-Hl nean deviation about the median = _ HI requenuy | Cummulalive | midpoint] tai-m[ | fi lait] interval F (fi) 2) freq Weny (of) ae filxi Bo 22 Is—__|1300 25-30 los us se io 30-35 2S. m=U20 2 < Lay -Uo. fz loo 580 33.5" ° o uo-us | iso 330 ae = ede S-So iGo 820 ne a eS SO-SS {oo 930 ‘cab te vial \ss- 60 | 30 je ek se Epilai-H] = {000 7 Bele Here Tias, ces) fel6O y met2o,4 700 Hedian y= r +t")

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