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GIT- Basic Commands

GIT is a distributed version control system that enables multiple developers to collaborate on code while tracking changes efficiently. Key concepts include repositories, commits, branches, and basic commands for managing code like add, commit, push, and pull. The document provides detailed instructions on using Git commands for various operations such as initializing a repository, checking status, branching, and merging changes.

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5 views

GIT- Basic Commands

GIT is a distributed version control system that enables multiple developers to collaborate on code while tracking changes efficiently. Key concepts include repositories, commits, branches, and basic commands for managing code like add, commit, push, and pull. The document provides detailed instructions on using Git commands for various operations such as initializing a repository, checking status, branching, and merging changes.

Uploaded by

keerthivasank.22cse
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GIT (Global Information Tracker) is a distributed version control system used to track

changes in code, collaborate with teams, and manage project history efficiently. It allows
multiple developers to work on the same codebase simultaneously without conflicts.

Key Concepts of Git

1.​ Repository (Repo) – A directory containing your project files and the entire history of
changes.

2.​ Commit – A snapshot of your code at a specific point in time.

3.​ Branch – A parallel version of the project to work on new features without affecting
the main codebase.

4.​ Merge – Combining changes from different branches.

5.​ Clone – Creating a copy of an existing repository.

6.​ Pull – Fetching and merging changes from a remote repository.

7.​ Push – Sending your committed changes to a remote repository.

Basic Git Commands

Configuration

git config --global user.name "Your Name"

git config --global user.email "[email protected]"

Initialize a Repository

git init

Clone a Repository

git clone <repo-url>

Add & Commit Changes

git add . # Stage all changes

git commit -m "Message" # Commit changes with a message

Check Status & Log

git status # View changes

git log # View commit history

Branching & Merging

git branch <branch-name> # Create a new branch

git checkout <branch-name> # Switch to branch

git merge <branch-name> # Merge branch into the current branch


Push & Pull

git push origin <branch-name> # Push changes to remote

git pull origin <branch-name> # Pull latest changes

Undo & Reset

git reset --soft HEAD~1 # Undo last commit but keep changes

git reset --hard HEAD~1 # Undo last commit and discard changes

git revert <commit-id> # Create a new commit that undoes a previous one

Basic Commands
1. Check Git Version

git --version​
If Git is installed, it will display something like:

git version 2.34.1

2. Initialize a New Git Repository

git init

If you're inside a project folder and want to track changes with Git:

cd my_project

git init

// creates a hidden .git folder, initializing a new Git repo.

3. Check the Status of Your Repository

git status

On branch main

No commits yet

Untracked files:

(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

index.html

style.css

tells which files are new, modified, or staged for commit.

4. Add Files to Staging Area

git add <filename>

To add all files:


git add .

git add index.html

5. Commit Changes

git commit -m "Your commit message"

git commit -m "Added homepage design"

6. View Commit History

git log

commit 5f2b37a (HEAD -> main)

Author: John Doe <[email protected]>

Date: Mon Jan 29 12:00 2025

7. Create a New Branch

git branch <branch-name>

git branch feature-login

8. Switch to a Branch

git checkout <branch-name> or git switch <branch-name>

git switch feature-login

9. Merge a Branch into Main

git merge <branch-name>

git checkout main

git merge feature-login

10. Delete a Branch

git branch -d <branch-name>

git branch -d feature-login

11. Clone a Repository

git clone <repo-url>

git clone https://github.com/user/myrepo.git

12. Push Changes to Remote Repository

git push origin <branch-name>

git push origin main

//uploads commits to the remote repository on GitHub/GitLab.


13. Pull Latest Changes from Remote

git pull origin <branch-name>

git pull origin main

//updates local repo with the latest changes from GitHub.

14. Undo Last Commit (Soft Reset)

git reset --soft HEAD~1

// removes the last commit but keeps your changes.

15. Undo Last Commit (Hard Reset)

git reset --hard HEAD~1

// removes the last commit and deletes all changes.

16. Remove a File from Staging Area

git reset <filename>

git reset index.html

unstages index.html without deleting changes.

Remove a File from Git (but keep locally)

git rm --cached <filename>

git rm --cached secret.txt

//This removes secret.txt from Git but keeps it in your folder.

18. Show Differences in Files

git diff

// This shows changes you made before committing.

19. Stash Changes (Save Temporarily)

git stash

// This saves changes without committing and resets your working directory.

To apply the stashed changes later:

git stash pop

20. Set Upstream Branch

//pushing to a remote repo for the first time:

git push --set-upstream origin <branch-name>

git push --set-upstream origin main // links local branch to the remote branch.

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