MATH-301 Elementary Algebra 3(3-0)

Theory
Preliminaries: Real-number system, complex numbers, introduction to sets, set operations, functions,
types of functions. Matrices: Introduction to matrices, types, matrix inverse, determinants, solution of
system of linear equations, Cramer’s rule, row operations, rank, Gauss Elimination method.
QuadraticEquations: Solution of quadratic equations, qualitative analysis of roots of a quadratic
equation, equations reducible to quadratic equations, cube roots of unity, relation between roots and
coefficients of quadratic equations, finding roots of other polynomial equations, Synthetic division.
Sequences and Series: Arithmetic progression, geometric progression, harmonic progression, mean, n th
term, sum of terms. Binomial Theorem: Introduction to mathematical induction, binomial theorem with
rational and irrational indices. Trigonometry: Fundamentals of trigonometry, trigonometric identities,
application of trigonometry in finding width and height.
Suggested Readings
1. Abramson, J. 2015. Algebra and Trigonometry. Open Stax College, USA.
2. Axler, S.J. 2012. Algebra & Trigonometry. John Wiley, New York.
3. Young, C.Y. 2007. Algebra and Trigonometry. John Wiley, New York.
4. Zill, D.G. and J.M. Dewar. 2011. Algebra and Trigonometry. Jones & Bartlett Publishers, Burlington,
USA.
MATH-302 Introduction to Calculus 3(3-0)
Theory
Preliminaries: Real-number line, functions and their graphs, solution of equations involving absolute
values, inequalities. Limits and Continuity: Limit of a function, left-hand and right-hand limits,
continuity, continuous functions. Derivatives and their Applications: Differentiable functions,
differentiation of polynomial, rational and transcendental functions, introduction to differential
equations, Newton’s law of cooling, mixing problems, mathematical modeling, differentials, other
applications of differentiation. Partial fraction: Division algorithm, techniques of partial fractions, linear,
quadratic, repeated and non-repeated factors in the denominator. Integration and Definite Integrals:
Techniques of evaluating indefinite integrals, integration by substitution, integration by parts, change of
variables in indefinite integrals, finding areas and volumes.
Suggested Readings
1. Anton, H., I. Bivens and S. Davis, 2002. Calculus. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
2. Blank, B.E. and S.G. Krantz. 2006. Calculus: Single Variable. Springer Science & Business Media,
Berlin.
3. Bohner, M. and S.G. Georgiev. 2016. Multivariable Dynamic Calculus on Time Scales. Springer
Science & Business Media, Berlin.
4. Larson, R. and B.H. Edwards. 2013. Calculus of a Single Variable. Cengage Learning, Boston.

The contents of MATH-404 and MATH-503 are only mentioned for students’ kind record; as to
highlight the importance of MATH-301 and MATH-302 for the minor courses in upcoming semesters

Page 1 of 4
MATH-404 Linear Algebra 3(3-0)
Theory
Matrices, Determinants and System of Linear Equations: Definition of matrix. various types of matrices,
Algebra of matrices, Determinant of square matrix, cofactors and minors, Laplace expansion of
determinants, Elementary matrices, Adjoint and inverses of matrices, Rank of a matrix, Introduction to
systems of linear equations, Cramer’s rule, Gaussian elimination method, Gauss Jordan method, Solution
of homogenous/non homogenous system of linear equations and Network ow problems. Vector Spaces:
Real vector spaces, Subspaces, Linear combination and spanning set, Linear independence and linear
dependence, Basis and dimension, Row space, Column space and Null space. Linear Transformations:
Introduction to linear trans formation, Matrices of linear transformations Rank and nullity, Eigen values,
Eigen vectors, Diagonalization, Orthogonal diagonalization, Orthogonal matrices and Similar matrices.
Suggested Readings
1. Anton, H. 2010. Elementary Linear Algebra. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
2. Greub, W.H. 2012. Linear Algebra. Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin.
3. Hogben, L. 2006. Handbook of Linear Algebra. CRC Press, UK.
4. Hubbard, J.H. and B.B. Hubbard. 2015. Vector Calculus, Linear Algebra, and Di erential Forms: A
Uni ed Approach, Matrix Editions. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.
5. Wilkinson, J.H., F.L. Bauer & C. Reinsch. 2013. Linear Algebra. Springer, New York.
MATH-503 Ordinary Differential Equations 3(3-0)
Theory
Introduction to Differential Equations: Historical background and motivation, Basic mathematical
models, Directional elds and Classi cation of differential equations. First Order Differential Equations:
Separable equations, Modeling with First Order equations, Differences between linear and nonlinear
equations, Exact equations and Integrating factors. Second Order Differential Equations: Homogenous
equations, Homogenous equations with constant coefficient, Fundamental solutions of linear
homogenous equations, Linear independence, the Wronskian, Method of undetermined coefficients and
Variation of parameters. Higher Order Linear Equations: General theory of n th order linear equations,
Homogenous equations with constant coefficients, The methods of undermined coefficients and the
Method of variation of parameters. Series Solution of Second Order Linear Equations and Special
Functions: Series solution near an ordinary point, Legendre’s equation, Regular singular points and
Series solution about a regular singular point.
Suggested Readings
1. Coddington, E.A. and N. Levinson. 1955. Theory of Ordinary Differential Equations. Tata McGraw-
Hill Education, New York.
2. Hairer, E., C. Lubich and G. Wanner. 2006. Geometric Numerical Integration: Structure-Preserving
Algorithms for Ordinary Differential Equations. Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin.
3. Kreyszig, E. 2010. Advanced Engineering Mathematics. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
4. Nemytskii, V.V. 2015. Qualitative Theory of Differential Equations. Princeton University Press,
USA. 5. Zaitsev, V.F. and A.D. Polyanin. 2002. Handbook of Exact Solutions for Ordinary Differential
Equations. CRC press, UK.
6. Zill, D., W.S. Wright and M.R. Cullen. 2011. Advanced Engineering Mathematics. Jones & Bartlett
Learning, Burlington, USA.

Page 2 of 4
Mid-Exam Assignment for MATH-302

About the Mid Exam of MATH-302 for evening students ONLY.

1-One-page long exam close book and notes. No need to bring mid-exam-answer-sheet or any
page for rough work.
2-MCQs type questions in the fill in blank format and short questions.
3- Each student must bring the following for his/her comfort to attempt the exam
I) Transparent clipboard and just one blue colored ballpoint/pen
II) Original CNIC and UAF ID card
III) Reach 30 minutes before the exam time.
4- No one has to bring any helping material.
5- Each student must complete his/her assignment before the exam.
Important Pages from the soft copy of PTB-2nd-Year Mathematics book
Chapter1: (1-15 or circled pages:1-19); (17-21 or circled pages: 32-41)
Chapter2: (25-27 or circled pages: 2-7); (33-38 or circled pages: 18-27)

Page 3 of 4
Final-Exam Assignment for MATH-302 (Deficiency) evening sections of degree programs
of CS department; taught by teacher: Muhammad Imran Khan
Complete on the class register where you did your mid assignment! Ready to submit it before the final exam.

Qus. Topic Name with Detail Pages from the12th Class Week/dates to
Set PTB book’s soft copy teach the Topic
Chapter 2 Differentiation Circled Pages of Chapter 2 Spring Semester 2025
For differentiation apply formulas directly and don’t do any proof including applying ab-initio method
QS-1 Seven theorems of differentiation 18-23, 28 16-18 April,
QS-2 Chain Rule and examples 29-40 (Before Exercise 2.4)
QS-3 Derivatives of trigonometric functions and examples 45-48 (Before Exercise 2.5) 2025
QS-4 Derivative of exponential functions and examples 54-60 (Before Exercise 2.6)
Derivative of Logarithmic functions and examples
QS-5 Successive Differentiation and examples 68-72 (Before Exercise 2.7)
QS-6 Series Expansion of Functions (Maclaurin series and 74-81 (Before Exercise 2.8)
Tailor Series Expansions) and examples
QS-7 Increasing and Decreasing Functions 86-97 (Before Exercise 2.9)
Application of Maxima and Minima only examples 98-102 (Before Exercise 2.10)
Chapter 3 Integration Circled Pages of Chapter 3 Spring Semester 2025
QS-8 Define integration, differential coefficient 1 21-25 April,
Integration as Anti-derivative (Some Standard 7-14 (Before Exercise 3.2)
Formulae for Anti-Derivatives) and examples 2025
QS-9 Integration by Substitution only examples 16-20 (Before Exercise 3.3) 28 April-02 May,
QS-10 Integration by Parts only examples 23-29 (Before Exercise 3.4)
2025
QS-11 Integration involving partial fractions only examples 32-37 (Before Exercise 3.5) 5-9 May, 2025
QS-12 The Definite Integrals and its fundamental theorem 39-41,45-48 (Before Exercise 3.6)
QS-13 Define Differential Equations 57-59 (Before Exercise 3.8)
QS-14 Revision & Class Test from the final exam’s contents Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 12-16 May, 2025
Note: In addition to physical classes some online classes can be conducted as they did before the
mid exam for better explaining the course’s contents as per the convenience of students!
The final exam will be 36 marks. It will have MCQs type fill in blank format questions, short questions
and long questions; all will be from the pages mentioned above from chapters 2 and 3.
~~~Good Luck~~~

Suggested Videos
Integrals Class 12 Maths | Basics of Integration | Chapter 7 of NCERT | Lecture 1 (25 Minutes)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HoIL0u7S1ok&list=PLKKfKV1b9e8qZ3Gj9H9kesEhlHUCDRuPC
2. Integration by Substitution | Class 12 Maths NCERT | Lecture 2 (40 Minutes)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNIVQKa8kPc&list=PLKKfKV1b9e8qZ3Gj9H9kesEhlHUCDRuPC&index=3
3. Partial Fraction in Integration | Class 12 Maths | NCERT (32 Minutes)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSAY3-5DgY0&list=PLKKfKV1b9e8qZ3Gj9H9kesEhlHUCDRuPC&index=5
4. Integration By Parts | Class 12 Maths for Board Exam | NCERT (37 Minutes)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gewq4bC5a6s&list=PLKKfKV1b9e8qZ3Gj9H9kesEhlHUCDRuPC&index=7
5. Definite Integrals | Class 12 Boards | Lecture 5 (22 Minutes)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWtXfJ4E7VI&list=PLKKfKV1b9e8qZ3Gj9H9kesEhlHUCDRuPC&index=9
6. Properties of Definite Integrals | Integration | Class 12 Maths (31 Minutes)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yMAyao2BBAE&list=PLKKfKV1b9e8qZ3Gj9H9kesEhlHUCDRuPC&index=11

Page 4 of 4
 Common Derivatives and Integrals

Derivatives
Basic Properties/Formulas/Rules
d  d 
cf (x) = cf 0 (x), c is any constant. f (x) ± g(x) = f 0 (x) ± g 0 (x)
dx dx
d  n d 
x = nxn−1 , n is any number. c = 0, c is any constant.
dx dx
 0
d  g(x) 
f (x) g(x) = f 0 (x) g(x) + f (x) g 0 (x) – Product Rule e = g 0 (x)eg(x)
dx
f (x) 0 f 0 (x) g(x) − f (x) g 0 (x) g 0 (x)
   
d
= 2 – Quotient Rule ln(g(x)) =
g(x) dx g(x)

g(x)
  
d  
f g(x) = f 0 g(x) g 0 (x) – Chain Rule
dx

Common Derivatives
Polynomials
d  d d  d  n d  n
c =0 (x) = 1 cx = c x = nxn−1 cx = ncxn−1
dx dx dx dx dx

Trig Functions
dh i dh i dh i
sin(x) = cos(x) cos(x) = − sin(x) tan(x) = sec2 (x)
dx dx dx
dh i dh i dh i
csc(x) = − csc(x) cot(x) sec(x) = sec(x) tan(x) cot(x) = − csc2 (x)
dx dx dx

Inverse Trig Functions

d h −1 i 1 dh i 1 dh i 1
sin (x) = √ cos−1 (x) = − √ tan−1 (x) =
dx 1 − x2 dx 1 − x2 dx 1 + x2
d h i 1 d h i 1 dh i 1
csc−1 (x) = − √ sec−1 (x) = √ cot−1 (x) = −
dx |x| x2 − 1 dx |x| x2 − 1 dx 1 + x2

Exponential & Logarithm Functions

d h xi d h xi
a = ax ln(a) e = ex
dx dx
dh i 1 dh i 1 dh i 1
ln(x) = , x > 0 ln |x| = , x 6= 0 loga (x) = , x>0
dx x dx x dx x ln(a)

Hyperbolic Functions
dh i dh i dh i
sinh(x) = cosh(x) cosh(x) = sinh(x) tanh(x) = sech2 (x)
dx dx dx
dh i dh i dh i
csch(x) = − csch(x) coth(x) sech(x) = − sech(x) tanh(x) coth(x) = − csch2 (x)
dx dx dx

© Paul Dawkins - https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu Formulas 1 of 4

 Common Derivatives and Integrals

Integrals
Basic Properties/Formulas/Rules
Z Z Z Z Z
cf (x) dx = c f (x) dx, c is a constant. f (x) ± g(x) dx = f (x)dx ± g(x) dx
Z b b Z
f (x) dx = f (x) = F (b) − F (a) where F (x) = f (x) dx
a a
Z b Z b Z b Z b Z b
cf (x) dx = c f (x) dx, c is a constant. f (x) ± g(x) dx = f (x) dx ± g(x) dx
a a a a a
Z a Z b Z a
f (x) dx = 0 f (x) dx = − f (x) dx
a a b
Z b Z c Z b Z b
f (x) dx = f (x) dx + f (x) dx c dx = c(b − a), c is a constant.
a a c a
Z b
If f (x) ≥ 0 on a ≤ x ≤ b then f (x) dx ≥ 0
a
Z b Z b
If f (x) ≥ g(x) on a ≤ x ≤ b then f (x) dx ≥ g(x) dx
a a

Common Integrals
Polynomials
Z Z Z
1
dx = x + c k dx = kx + c xn dx = xn+1 + c, n 6= −1
n+1
Z Z Z
1 −1 1
dx = ln |x| + c x dx = ln |x| + c x−n dx = x−n+1 + c, n = 6 1
x −n + 1
Z Z
1 1 p 1 p
+1 q p+q
dx = ln |ax + b| + c x q dx = p xq + c = x q +c
ax + b a q +1 p+q

Trig Functions
Z Z Z
cos(u) du = sin(u) + c sin(u) du = − cos(u) + c sec2 u du = tan(u) + c
Z Z Z
sec(u) tan(u) du = sec(u) + c csc(u) cot(u) du = − csc(u) + c csc2 u du = − cot(u) + c
Z Z
tan(u) du = − ln cos(u) +c = ln sec(u) +c cot(u) du = ln sin(u) +c = − ln csc(u) +c
Z Z  
3 1
sec(u) du = ln sec(u)+tan(u) +c sec (u) du = sec(u) tan(u)+ln sec(u)+tan(u) +c
2
Z Z  
3 1
csc(u) du = ln csc(u)−cot(u) +c csc (u) du = −csc(u) cot(u)+ln csc(u)−cot(u) +c
2

© Paul Dawkins - https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu

Formulas 2 of 4
 Common Derivatives and Integrals

Exponential & Logarithm Functions

au
Z Z Z
u u
e du = e + c au du = +c ln(u) du = u ln(u) − u + c
ln(a)
eau
Z   Z
au
e sin(bu) du = 2 a sin(bu) − b cos(bu) + c ueu du = (u − 1)eu + c
a + b2
eau
Z   Z
au 1
e cos(bu) du = 2 a cos(bu) + b sin(bu) + c du = ln ln(u) + c
a + b2 u ln(u)

Inverse Trig Functions

Z Z
1 u p
√ du = sin−1 +c sin−1 (u) du = u sin−1 (u) + 1 − u2 + c
a2 − u2 a
Z Z
1 1 −1 u
  1
tan−1 (u) du = u tan−1 (u) −ln 1 + u2 + c


du = tan +c
a2 + u2 a a 2
Z Z
1 1 u p
√ du = sec−1 +c cos−1 (u) du = u cos−1 (u) − 1 − u2 + c
u u2 − a2 a a

Hyperbolic Functions
Z Z Z
sinh(u)du = cosh(u) + c sech(u) tanh(u)du = − sech(u) + c sech2 (u)du = tanh(u) + c
Z Z Z
cosh(u)du = sinh(u) + c csch(u) coth(u)du = − csch(u) + c csch2 (u)du = − coth(u) + c
Z Z
sech(u)du = tan−1 sinh(u) + c


tanh(u)du = ln cosh(u) + c

Miscellaneous
a2
Z Z p
1 1 u+a 2 + u2 du =
up 2 p
du = ln + c a a + u2 + ln u + a2 + u2 + c
a2 − u2 2a u−a 2 2
u−a a2
Z Z p
1 1 2 − a2 du =
up 2 p
du = ln + c u u − a2 − ln u + u2 − a2 + c
u2 − a2 2a u+a 2 2
a2
Z p
up 2 u
a2 − u2 du = a − u2 + sin−1 +c
2 2 a
a2
 
u − ap a−u
Z p
2au − u2 du = 2au − u2 + cos−1 +c
2 2 a

Standard Integration Techniques

Z b
0
Z b

0
Z g(b)
u Substitution : f g(x) g (x) dx will convert the integral into f g(x) g (x) dx = f (u) du
a a g(a)
using the substitution u = g(x) where du = g 0 (x)dx. For indefinite integrals drop the limits of
integration.

© Paul Dawkins - https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu Formulas 3 of 4

 Common Derivatives and Integrals

Z Z Z b b Z b
Integration by Parts : u dv = uv − v du and −
v du. Choose u and dv from
u dv = uv
a Z a a

integral and compute du by differentiating u and compute v using v = dv.

Trig Substitutions : If the integral contains the following root use the given substitution and formula.
p a
a2 − b2 x2 ⇒ x= sin(θ) and cos2 (θ) = 1 − sin2 (θ)
b
p a
b2 x2 − a2 ⇒ x = sec(θ) and tan2 (θ) = sec2 (θ) − 1
b
p a
a2 + b2 x2 ⇒ x = tan(θ) and sec2 (θ) = 1 + tan2 (θ)
b
Z
P (x)
Partial Fractions : If integrating a rational expression involving polynomials, dx, where the
Q(x)
degree (largest exponent) of P (x) is smaller than the degree of Q(x) then factor the denominator
as completely as possible and find the partial fraction decomposition of the rational expression.
Integrate the partial fraction decomposition (P.F.D.). For each factor in the denominator we get
term(s) in the decomposition according to the following table.

Factor of Q(x) Term in P.F.D Factor is Q(x) Term in P.F.D

A A1 A2 Ak
ax + b (ax + b)k + 2
+ ··· +
ax + b ax + b (ax + b) (ax + b)k
Ax + B A1 x + B1 Ak x + Bk
ax2 + bx + c (ax2 + bx + c)k + ··· +
ax2 + bx + c ax2 + bx + c (ax2 + bx + c)k

Products and (some) Quotients of Trig Functions :

Z
For sinn (x) cosm (x) dx we have the following :

1. n odd. Strip 1 sine out and convert rest to cosines using sin2 (x) = 1 − cos2 (x), then use the
substitution u = cos(x).
2. m odd. Strip 1 cosine out and convert rest to sines using cos2 (x) = 1 − sin2 (x), then use
the substitution u = sin(x).
3. n and m both odd. Use either 1. or 2.
4. n and m both even. Use double angle and/or half angle formulas to reduce the integral into
a form that can be integrated.
Z
For tann (x) secm (x) dx we have the following :

1. n odd. Strip 1 tangent and 1 secant out and convert the rest to secants using
tan2 (x) = sec2 (x) − 1, then use the substitution u = sec(x).
2. m even. Strip 2 secants out and convert rest to tangents using sec2 (x) = 1 + tan2 (x), then
use the substitution u = tan(x).
3. n odd and m even. Use either 1. or 2.
4. n even and m odd. Each integral will be dealt with differently.

3
3
Convert Example : cos6 (x) = cos2 (x) = 1 − sin2 (x)

© Paul Dawkins - https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu

Formulas 4 of 4