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Software_and_Operating_Systems_Chapter4_Answers

Chapter 4 provides an overview of software classification, distinguishing between system software, application software, and development software. It outlines various types of operating systems and their functions, including process and memory management, as well as the role of utility programs in optimizing performance. Additionally, it discusses features of application software and the concepts of Personal Information Managers (PIM) and Personal Digital Assistants (PDA).

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Software_and_Operating_Systems_Chapter4_Answers

Chapter 4 provides an overview of software classification, distinguishing between system software, application software, and development software. It outlines various types of operating systems and their functions, including process and memory management, as well as the role of utility programs in optimizing performance. Additionally, it discusses features of application software and the concepts of Personal Information Managers (PIM) and Personal Digital Assistants (PDA).

Uploaded by

likhonbanik15jan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 4 - Software and Operating Systems Overview

1. Classification of Software

Software can be classified into several categories:

- System Software: Essential for running and managing the computer hardware. Examples include

operating systems, drivers, and utilities.

- Application Software: Designed to perform specific user-oriented tasks such as word processing,

spreadsheet calculations, or media playing.

- Development Software: Tools that help in creating other software, including compilers, debuggers,

and Integrated Development Environments (IDEs).

2. Difference between System and Application Software

- System Software: Operates and manages the core functions of the computer hardware. It serves

as a bridge between hardware and user applications. Examples include operating systems and

drivers.

- Application Software: Software developed to perform specific tasks that benefit the user, such as

word processing, browsing, or editing.

3. Types of Operating Systems

Different types of operating systems include:

- Single-user OS: Designed for one user at a time (e.g., Windows 10).

- Multi-user OS: Allows multiple users to access the computer simultaneously (e.g., Unix, Linux).

- Real-time OS: Provides real-time processing for tasks (e.g., used in embedded systems, robotics).

- Distributed OS: Manages a group of separate computers as if they are a single system (e.g., some

Linux distributions in server farms).

- Embedded OS: Specialized OS designed for embedded systems (e.g., OS in a microwave or car

navigation system).
4. Functions of Operating System

An operating system provides key functions such as:

- Process Management: Manages processes running on the system.

- Memory Management: Allocates and manages the system's memory.

- File System Management: Manages file storage, organization, and access.

- Device Management: Controls input/output devices and peripherals.

- Security and Access Control: Provides security for user data and system integrity.

- User Interface: Offers a user interface for interaction (CLI or GUI).

5. Function of Utility Program

Utility programs perform maintenance tasks that help optimize and manage computer performance.

Examples include:

- Disk Cleanup: Removes unnecessary files to free up space.

- Disk Defragmenter: Organizes fragmented files to improve system speed.

- Antivirus Software: Scans and removes malware.

- Backup Software: Creates data backups for safety.

6. Common Features of Application Software

Application software typically includes:

- User-friendly Interface: Provides an intuitive design for easy use.

- Customization Options: Allows users to tailor features.

- Compatibility: Works with multiple operating systems or platforms.

- Productivity Tools: Often includes editing, formatting, and file-saving options.

- Security Features: Some applications include encryption and access controls.

7. PIM, PDA Meaning and Functions


- PIM (Personal Information Manager): A type of software for organizing personal data such as

contacts, schedules, and tasks. Examples include Microsoft Outlook.

- PDA (Personal Digital Assistant): A handheld device used for managing personal information, like

calendars and contacts. Though mostly replaced by smartphones, they were popular in the early

2000s.

8. Multitasking, Multiprocessing OS

- Multitasking OS: Allows multiple programs to run concurrently by sharing CPU time (e.g.,

Windows, macOS).

- Multiprocessing OS: Uses multiple processors to execute multiple processes simultaneously,

enhancing performance (e.g., high-performance Linux and Windows servers).

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