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Java Module5 All Answers

The document provides an overview of multithreading in Java, explaining concepts such as threads, synchronization, thread pools, and inter-thread communication. It includes examples of thread creation using both the Thread class and the Runnable interface, as well as discussing advantages and disadvantages of using threads. Additionally, it covers best practices for multithreading and various concurrency utilities available in Java.

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3 views6 pages

Java Module5 All Answers

The document provides an overview of multithreading in Java, explaining concepts such as threads, synchronization, thread pools, and inter-thread communication. It includes examples of thread creation using both the Thread class and the Runnable interface, as well as discussing advantages and disadvantages of using threads. Additionally, it covers best practices for multithreading and various concurrency utilities available in Java.

Uploaded by

santhosh7rsr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Java Programming - Module 5 (Multithreading) Answers

Q1: What is a thread in Java? Explain its advantages.

A thread is a lightweight sub-process, the smallest unit of processing. Threads allow multitasking in

Java.

Advantages:

1. Multitasking

2. Resource sharing

3. Faster execution

4. Better CPU usage

5. Improves performance

Example:

class MyThread extends Thread {

public void run() {

System.out.println("Thread is running...");

public static void main(String[] args) {

MyThread t = new MyThread();

t.start();

Q2: How do you create a thread in Java using the Thread class?

Extend Thread, override run(), and call start().

Example:

class MyThread extends Thread {

public void run() {


System.out.println("Thread is running...");

public static void main(String[] args) {

MyThread t = new MyThread();

t.start();

Q3: What is the difference between a process and a thread?

Process - Independent execution with own memory.

Thread - Lightweight, shares memory with other threads.

Threads are faster and more memory-efficient.

Q4: Define multithreading. How is it useful in Java applications?

Multithreading allows multiple tasks to run at the same time.

Benefits:

- Faster execution

- Better CPU usage

- Useful in games, servers, real-time apps.

Q5: What is synchronization in Java?

Used to prevent thread conflicts on shared resources.

Example:

class Counter {

int count = 0;

synchronized void increment() {

count++;

}
Q6: What is a thread pool in Java?

A group of reusable threads.

Example:

ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);

service.execute(() -> System.out.println("Running"));

service.shutdown();

Q7: Explain the Runnable interface in Java.

Runnable is an interface to define task logic.

Example:

class MyRunnable implements Runnable {

public void run() {

System.out.println("Runnable running...");

public static void main(String[] args) {

Thread t = new Thread(new MyRunnable());

t.start();

Q8: What is the join() method in Java threads?

join() waits for a thread to finish.

Example:

class MyThread extends Thread {

public void run() {

System.out.println("Running...");

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {


MyThread t = new MyThread();

t.start();

t.join(); // waits for t to finish

System.out.println("Main ends");

Q9: How does the wait() and notify() method work in Java?

wait() - Pauses thread and releases lock.

notify() - Wakes one waiting thread.

Example:

synchronized(obj) {

obj.wait(); // thread waits

obj.notify(); // wakes thread

Q10: What is a deadlock in multithreading?

Deadlock is when two threads wait for each other to release resources and never proceed.

Avoid by avoiding nested locks.

Q11: Explain the life cycle of a thread in Java.

States: New -> Runnable -> Running -> (Waiting/Blocked) -> Terminated

Q12: Compare thread creation using Thread class vs Runnable interface.

Thread: extends Thread (no multiple inheritance).

Runnable: implements Runnable (preferred, more flexible).

Q13: How does the synchronized keyword help in concurrency?

It prevents multiple threads from accessing critical sections.

Example: synchronized void method() { // code }


Q14: What is thread starvation? How can it be avoided?

Starvation occurs when a thread is never scheduled.

Avoid by using fair locks (ReentrantLock(true)).

Q15: Explain the concept of thread priority in Java.

Priority from 1 to 10 (MIN to MAX).

Higher priority may run before lower.

Q16: ExecutorService framework in Java.

Manages thread pools.

Example:

ExecutorService ex = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);

ex.execute(task); ex.shutdown();

Q17: Callable and Future in Java.

Callable returns result, Future gets result.

Example:

Future<Integer> f = exec.submit(() -> 10);

f.get();

Q18: Difference between synchronized methods and blocks.

Method: locks whole method.

Block: locks part of method. Better performance.

Q19: How does Java handle inter-thread communication?

Using wait(), notify(), notifyAll() from Object class.

Q20: Concurrency utilities in Java.

1. ExecutorService - Manages threads.

2. CountDownLatch - Waits for other threads.

Q21: Advantages of thread pool in Java.


Reuses threads, better performance, avoids resource issues.

Q22 to Q25: Programs using Thread, Runnable, Anonymous, Lambda.

Each example demonstrates different ways to create and run threads in Java.

Q26: Thread synchronization techniques.

1. synchronized method

2. synchronized block

3. static synchronized method

Q27: Inter-thread communication using wait() and notify().

Shared resource uses wait() to pause and notify() to resume.

Q28: Thread states with diagram.

New -> Runnable -> Running -> Waiting/Blocked -> Terminated

Q29: Advantages and Disadvantages of Threads.

Advantages: Faster, efficient, multitasking.

Disadvantages: Complex, risk of deadlock.

Q30: Best practices for multithreading.

Use ExecutorService, avoid Thread.sleep, prefer concurrent utilities, minimize shared data.

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