"Graphical re
Histogram
It is a graph which consist of rectangles, whose area is proportional to frequency of variable and width
interval.
X-axis: Variables (class interval).
Y-axis: Frequency of variables.
Example: Draw histogram for the frequency distribution given below:
Age 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20
Frequency 2 5 8 10
Solution:
Class limit (age) Class Boundary Frequency Mid point fx
1-5 0.5-5.5 2 3 6
6-10 5.5-10.5 5 8 40
11-15 10.5-15.5 8 13 104
16-20 15.5-20.5 10 18 180
21-25 20.5-25.5 15 23 445
26-30 25.5-30.5 12 28 336
31-35 30.5-35.5 9 33 297
36-40 35.5-40.5 4 38 152
65 1560
Frequency polygon
It is a graph which is constructed using straight line to join midpoints of class interval.
X-axis: Variables (mid points of class interval)
Y-axis: Frequency
Example: Draw frequency polygon of the following data.
X-axis: Variables (mid points of class interval)
Y-axis: Frequency
Example: Draw frequency polygon of the following data.
Class interval 6-12 12-18 18-24 24-30
Frequency 4 6 8 7
Solution
Class interval Mid points Frequency
0-6 3 0
6-12 9 4 9
12-18 15 6 8
18-24 21 8 7
24-30 27 7 6
Frequency
30-36 33 5 5
36-42 39 4 4
42-48 45 0 3
2
1
0
0 5
Frequency Curve
It is a smooth curve, which is obtained by joining the mid points of class intervals by drawing smooth a
hand curve.
X-axis: Variables (mid points of class interval)
Y-axis: Frequency
Example: Draw frequency curve of the following data.
Marks 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
Frequency 6 22 30 19
Solution:
Marks Mid points frequency
10-20 15 1
20-30 25 20 35
30-40 35 30 30
25
ency
20
35
30
40-50 45 19
25
50-60 55 10
Frequency
60-70 65 5 20
15
10
0
10 20
Line Graph
It is a graphical display of categorical data that is used to show trends over time. It displays change in d
increase or decrease in the trend of an event over a period of time.
X-axis: represents measure of time
Y-axis: represents percentage or measure of quantity
Example: Draw line graph of the following data.
Animals 200 350 400 700
Year 2002 2004 2006 2008
Solution:
Year Animals
2002 200 Line graph
2004 350 800
2006 400 700
2008 700 600
2010 550
500
Animals
2012 300
400
300
200
100
0
2000 2002 2004 2006
Year
Ogive
Ogive is a smooth graph with cumulative frequency (c.f) plotted against values of variables (class limit
Ogive
Ogive is a smooth graph with cumulative frequency (c.f) plotted against values of variables (class limit
X-axis: Class interval
Y-axis: Cumulative frequency
Types of Ogive:
1. Less than Ogive (< c.f): Upper class limit is taken along X-axis and < c.f along Y-axis.
→Two Ogives are drawn together with common axis.
2. More than Ogive (> c.f): Lower class limit is taken along X-axis and > c.f along Y-axis.
→The point of intersection of two Ogives give the median point of distribution.
Example: Draw Less than Ogive and More than Ogive for the following data.
Ages 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80
Frequency 5 25 45 15
Solution:
Ages Lower limit Upper limit Frequency < c.f
0-20 0 20 5 5
20-40 20 40 25 30
40-60 40 60 45 75
60-80 60 80 15 90
80-100 80 100 1 100
THE
Graphical representation of Data"
ncy of variable and width is equal to class
21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40
15 12 9 4
Frequency
16
14
Mean=24
Mode=23.6
12
10
Frequency
0
0.5-5.5 5.5-10.5 10.5-15.5 15.5-20.5 20.5-25.5 25.5-30.5 30.5-35.5 35.5-40.5
Class limit
s interval.
30-36 36-40
5 4
Frequency polygon
9
8
7
6
Frequency
5
4
3
2
1
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Mid points
rvals by drawing smooth and free
50-60 60-70
10 5
Frequency curve
35
30
25
ency
20
Frequency curve
35
30
25
Frequency
20
15
10
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Midpoints
me. It displays change in direction and
550 300
2010 2012
Line graph
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
Year
es of variables (class limits).
es of variables (class limits).
along Y-axis.
f along Y-axis.
on.
a.
80-100
1
> c.f
100 Ogive
95 120
70
25 100
Cumulative frequency
10 80
60
40
20
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Class limits
THE END
100 120
