Probability

WORKSHOP - Day 2
1 Luis has 3 black pens and 7 red pens in a case.
He takes two pens from the case at random without replacement.
(a) Complete the tree diagram to show the possible outcomes and their probabilities.

First pen Second pen

RB 2 2 black BB
9

black
3
10
red BR
............

............ black RB

7
............ red
10
red RR
............
[1]

(b) Find, as a fraction in its lowest terms, the probability that

(i) Luis takes two black pens,

BB
If
Is
Answer .............................................................. [1]

(ii) Luis takes two different coloured pens.

P BR 2

2
4 7
Answer .............................................................. [2]
15
2 A bag contains 1 red and 3 blue balls. R BBB
Two balls are taken from the bag, at random, without replacement.
The tree diagram that represents all the outcomes is shown below.

First ball Second ball

……
0 red RR
red
…… i
blue RB
……

1
…… red BR
blue
3
3
……

4 blue BB
……

(a) Write the appropriate probability on each branch. [2]

(b) Find the probability that the second ball taken is red.

4 0
3 5 Answer ..................................... [1]

2 3 4
Card A Card B Card C

Three cards, A, B and C are marked with the numbers 2, 3 and 4 respectively.
One card is chosen, at random.
A second card is then chosen, at random, from the remaining two cards.
The sum of the numbers on the two chosen cards is calculated.

(a) What is the probability that the sum is 3?

Answer ..................................... [1]

(b) Complete the table to show all the possible outcomes.

You may not need all the columns. [1]

First card A B A C B C
Second card B A C A C B
Sum 5 5 6 6 7 7
(c) What is the probability that the sum is 7?
Answer ..................................... [1]
4
2 3 3 4 4 4

The numbers 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4 are written on six cards.

Two cards are chosen, at random, without replacement, to form a 2-digit number.
The first card chosen shows the number of Tens.
The second card chosen shows the number of Units.

First card Second card

Tens Units

Expressing each answer in its simplest form, find the probability that the two cards show

(a) a number greater than 20, All numbers will be

greater than 20
P no 201 1
Answer I
............................................... [1]

(b) the number 33,

P 33

115
Answer ............................................... [1]

(c) the number 43 or the number 32.

P 1431

P 327 1
1 15

4
I Answer 15
............................................... [2]
5 A fair five-sided spinner is numbered using the prime numbers
2, 3, 5, 7 and 11. 11

2
(a) In a game, players spin it twice and add the two
numbers obtained. 5 3
(i) Complete the possibility diagram.

Answer (a)(i)
+ 2 3 5 7 11
Nfs 5 5

25 2 4 5 7 9 13
3 5 6 8 10 14
5 7 8 10 12 16
7 9 10 12 14 18
11 13 4 16 18 22 [1]

(ii) Find the probability that the total of the two numbers is

(a) a prime number, Prime Number 5 5,7 7 13 13

(b) a perfect square.

4 Square Numbers 4,9 9 16 16
25

265
Answer (a)(ii)(a) ..........................................[1]

245
(b) ..........................................[1]

(b) In another game, players spin it twice and multiply the two numbers obtained.
Without drawing another possibility diagram, write down the probability that this product
is a prime number.
No
2 3 5,7 11 prime numbers when
you multiply any of
these two numbers

Answer (b) ....................................................[1]

PROBABILITY
_______________ Paper 2

1 (b) A bag contained 5 Red and 2 Blue beads.

Chris took 3 beads, at random, and without replacement, from the bag.
The probability tree shows the possible outcomes and their probabilities.

1st bead 2nd bead 3rd bead

3
5 Red RRR
4 Red
6
2
5 Blue
Red
4 1
5 5 Red RBR
2
7 6 Blue
1 Blue
5

4
5 Red

5 Red
2
7 6
p Blue
Blue
q Red
1
6 Blue
r
Blue

(i) Write down the values of p, q and r. [2]

(ii) Expressing each answer as a fraction in its lowest terms, find the probability that
(a) three Red beads were taken, [1]
(b) the first bead was Red, the second Blue and the third Red, [1]
(c) two of the beads were Red and one was Blue. [2]

4024/02/M/J/05

at PIRRRI 4

bi PIRBRI I

a PERRBI 3
4
9
9
T R I G O N O M E T R Y

Twelve lettered tiles spelling the word TRIGONOMETRY are placed inside a bag.

(a) A tile is taken at random from the bag.

Find the probability that the tile shows a letter R.

Give your answer as a fraction in its simplest form.

PCR 2
12

Answer .......................................... [1]

(b) All the tiles are placed back in the bag, a tile is then taken at random and placed on the table.
A second tile is taken at random and placed to the right of the first tile.
A third tile is taken at random and placed to the right of the second tile.

1st 2nd 3rd

Find the probability that, in the order the tiles were placed on the table, they spell GET.

G E T

6160
Answer .......................................... [2]
(c) Vowels are the letters A, E, I, O and U.
All other letters are consonants.
All the twelve tiles are placed back in the bag and two tiles are taken at random, without
replacement.

(i) Complete the tree diagram.

First tile Second tile

3 vowel VV
11

vowel
4
12
8
......... consonant

vowel
.........

8
.........
consonant
12

7
......... consonant
11 [2]

(ii) Find the probability that the tiles both show vowels.

PNV 424 It
Answer .......................................... [1]

(iii) Find the probability that one tile shows a vowel and one tile shows a consonant.

Pluct 2

16 16
33 33
Answer .......................................... [2]
4024/21/M/J/18
10 A bag contains 10 tiles.
There are 4 red tiles, x white tiles and the rest are blue.
Two tiles are taken at random, without replacement, from the bag.

(a) Complete the tree diagram.

First tile Second tile

Red RR
3
9
x
9
Red White

6-x
4 9 Blue
10

4 Red
9
x x-1
10 9
White White

6-x
9
Blue

6-x Red
10 4
....................

....................
Blue White

5-x
9 Blue
[2]

(b) Calculate the probability that both the tiles are red.

PERRI

3
................................................. [1]
 x 2 - 6x + 21
(c) (i) Show that the probability that the tiles are both the same colour is .
45

PIRRI P WW P BB

2m 12k 42

a E 90

2 22 GN T 211
12 30 62 5N a 2

I
t
go 90
go

2 6N 21
12 22 a 30 112 22 45
90
[4]
16
(ii) The probability the tiles are both the same colour is .
45
Show that x 2 - 6x + 5 = 0 .

2
62 21
45

m 62 21 16
2 5 [1]
6N 0

(iii) Solve x 2 - 6x + 5 = 0 .

at 5N N 5 0

x n 5 1 a 5 0

12 5 n 1 0
n 5 a I 5 1
x = ....................... or x = ....................... [2]

(iv) There are more red tiles than white tiles in the bag.

Find the probability that the first tile taken from the bag is blue.
0
PB 6 n

10

6 1 I
................................................. [2]
10