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OFDM

The document outlines an experiment to simulate the symbol error rate performance of an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system using BPSK modulation over a frequency selective Rayleigh fading channel. It details the software used (Python/MATLAB), the procedure for generating and processing signals, and the steps for calculating the bit error rate (BER) across various signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Additionally, it includes theoretical insights on symbol error rates in such channels and provides a framework for comparing simulated results with theoretical expectations.

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1 views3 pages

OFDM

The document outlines an experiment to simulate the symbol error rate performance of an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system using BPSK modulation over a frequency selective Rayleigh fading channel. It details the software used (Python/MATLAB), the procedure for generating and processing signals, and the steps for calculating the bit error rate (BER) across various signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Additionally, it includes theoretical insights on symbol error rates in such channels and provides a framework for comparing simulated results with theoretical expectations.

Uploaded by

priyanshueli123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Experiment 1

ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION


MULTIPLEXING

AIM
To simulate the symbol error rate performance of OFDM system over a frequency selective
Rayleigh fading channel with BPSK modulation.

SOFTWARE USED
Python/MATLAB

THEORY

Figure 1.1: OFDM transmitter and receiver in a Rayleigh faded channel

1
Figure 1.2: Schematic representation of OFDM transmitter and receiver

PROCEDURE
1. Initialize OFDM parameters, N = 64 (size of FFT), Nsym = 104 (No. of Orthogonal
symbols), L = 16 (Cyclic Prefix length) Lh (length of channel).

2. For each index j in 1 : Nsym, generate random bits of ones and zeros of length N.

3. Map the bits to modulated symbols (bit ‘0’ is mapped to ‘-1’ and ‘1’ is mapped to ‘1’.

4. Convert the modulated symbols to time domain using IDFT.

5. Add cyclic prefix of length L to form an OFDM symbol.

6. Generate a channel by drawing Lh coefficients from a complex Gaussian distribution.


Pass the OFDM symbol through this channel and add complex white Gaussian noise for
the given SNR. SNR in dB is given by 10 log10 (k.N/(N + L)) + Eb /N0 where k is number
of bits per symbol.

7. At the receiver remove cyclic prefix and do FFT operation.

2
8. The received frequency domain symbols are passed through the frequency domain equal-
izer.

9. Use thresholding technique, to demap the bits in the receiver. Based on the constellation
diagram, the detector at the receiver has to decide whether the receiver bit is above or
below the threshold 0.

10. Compare the detected bits against the transmitted bits and compute the bit error rate
(BER).

11. For SNR ranging from 0dB to 20 dB, repeat steps 2 to 10.

12. Plot the simulated BER against the SNR values and compare it with the theoretical BER
curve for BPSK over flat fading AWGN channel.

13. The theoretical average probability of symbol errors over Rayleigh fading channel with
AWGN noise can be
 obtained using momentgenerating function (MGF) approach. For
p
BPSK, SER=0.5 ∗ 1 − SN R/(1 + SN R)

RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS

Figure 1.3: Sample waveform for SER performance of BPSK OFDM over frequency selective
Rayleigh channel with AWGN noise

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