Project Report: MongoDB

Aasim Ali Ashquiwala – 221DS002

Rahul Nitesh Kumar Balani – 221DS009
Harsh Anand – 221DS013
Mahesh Ramrao Kete – 221DS021
Sujal Sunil Amati – 221DS030
Sarthak Vats – 221DS035

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Contents

1 Abstract 3

2 Objectives 4

3 Literature Review 5
3.1 What is NoSQL Database? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2 Types of NoSQL Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.3 SQL vs NoSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.4 When to Use NoSQL? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

4 Introduction 9
4.1 What is MongoDB? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2 Features of MongoDB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.3 Who is using MongoDB? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

5 Implementation 11
5.1 MongoDB Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.2 MongoDB Queries and Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.3 Collection Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.4 CRUD Operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete) . . . . . . . 13
5.5 Indexing Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.6 Aggregation Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.7 User and Role Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.8 Backup and Restore Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.9 Server Status & Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.10 MongoDB Compass & Atlas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

6 Query Execution 18
6.1 Placement Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6.2 COVID-19 Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

7 Challenges and Limitations of MongoDB 23

7.1 Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
7.2 Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

8 Conclusion 25

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1 Abstract
MongoDB is a NoSQL database that provides high scalability, flexibility, and
performance for handling unstructured and semi-structured data. Unlike
traditional relational databases, MongoDB uses a document-oriented model,
storing data in BSON (Binary JSON) format, which enables faster data
retrieval and horizontal scaling. This project explores the core architecture
of MongoDB, including database creation, collection management, CRUD
operations, indexing, aggregation, replication, and sharding.
The project also highlights the advantages of MongoDB over SQL databases,
particularly in big data applications, real-time analytics, and cloud-based
systems. Challenges such as schema design complexity, high memory con-
sumption, and limited support for complex transactions are discussed, along
with potential solutions. By implementing practical use cases and perfor-
mance analysis, this project demonstrates MongoDB’s effectiveness in mod-
ern database management. Future enhancements could include AI-driven an-
alytics integration and further optimization techniques. Overall, MongoDB
is a robust solution for applications requiring high availability, scalability,
and flexibility in data storage and management.

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2 Objectives
Understanding:

• What is NoSQL?

• Types of NoSQL

• SQL vs. NoSQL

• When to use NoSQL?

• What is MongoDB?

• Features of MongoDB

• MongoDB Data Types

• Who’s using MongoDB?

• SQL vs MongoDB Terms

• MongoDB Installation

• MongoDB Querying

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3 Literature Review
3.1 What is NoSQL Database?
NoSQL databases refer to ’Non-relational’ or ’Not only SQL’ databases, pro-
viding a mechanism for data storage and retrieval in a non-tabular format.
They are used for big data and real-time applications. Features include
flexible schema, absence of joins, and easy scalability. They are a type of
databases designed to handle large volumes of unstructured, semi-structured,
or structured data. Unlike traditional relational databases (SQL databases)
that use tables and fixed schemas, NoSQL databases offer flexible schemas,
horizontal scalability, and high availability, making them ideal for big data
applications, real-time web apps, and distributed systems.

3.1.1 Key Features of NoSQL Databases

1. Schema Flexibility – No predefined schema; allows dynamic changes to
data structures.

2. Scalability – Designed for horizontal scaling by distributing data across

multiple servers.

3. High Availability – Replication and partitioning ensure minimal down-

time and fault tolerance.

4. Fast Performance – Optimized for read and write operations, making

them ideal for real-time applications.

5. Diverse Data Models – Supports different data formats beyond just

tables.

3.1.2 Use Cases

• Big Data & Analytics (e.g., Cassandra for real-time analytics)

• Content Management Systems (e.g., MongoDB for flexible document

storage)

• Caching & Session Storage (e.g., Redis for high-speed key-value stor-
age)

• Social Networks & Recommendation Engines (e.g., Neo4j for graph-

based recommendations)

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3.2 Types of NoSQL Databases
1. Document Stores (e.g., MongoDB, CouchDB) – Store data as JSON-
like documents, making them suitable for hierarchical and nested data.

2. Key-Value Stores (e.g., Redis, DynamoDB) – Store data as key-value

pairs, offering ultra-fast read/write speeds.

3. Column-Family Stores (e.g., Apache Cassandra, HBase) – Store data

in column-oriented formats, optimized for large-scale analytics.

4. Graph Databases (e.g., Neo4j, ArangoDB) – Designed to manage com-

plex relationships using nodes and edges, ideal for social networks and
recommendation engines.

3.3 SQL vs NoSQL

SQL and NoSQL databases serve different purposes based on data structure,
scalability, and consistency requirements. SQL databases follow a struc-
tured, table-based format with predefined schemas, ensuring ACID (Atom-
icity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) compliance for reliable transactions.
They use Structured Query Language (SQL) for data management and are
best suited for applications requiring strict consistency, such as financial sys-
tems, enterprise applications, and inventory management. However, SQL
databases typically scale vertically by upgrading a single server, which can
become a limitation for handling large-scale data. Examples include MySQL,
PostgreSQL, Oracle, and SQL Server.
NoSQL databases provide flexible data models, including key-value stores,
document databases, column-family stores, and graph databases. They prior-
itize horizontal scalability, distributing data across multiple servers, making
them ideal for handling large, high-velocity datasets. Unlike SQL databases,
NoSQL systems often trade strict consistency for high availability and speed,
following the CAP theorem. This makes them suitable for big data, real-time
analytics, social networks, and IoT applications. Popular NoSQL databases
include MongoDB, Cassandra, Redis, and Neo4j, each optimized for specific
workloads like document storage, caching, or relationship-based queries. The
choice between SQL and NoSQL depends on an application’s needs, balanc-
ing factors like consistency, scalability, and performance.

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Feature SQL (Relational) NoSQL (Non-Relational)
Data Model Table-based with fixed schemas Document, key-value, column-
family, or graph-based
Schema Rigid, predefined Flexible, dynamic
Scaling Vertical (scale-up) Horizontal (scale-out)
ACID Compli- Full Varies (often sacrificed for perfor-
ance mance)
Query Language SQL (standardized) Database-specific
Consistency Strong consistency Eventual consistency (typically)
Transaction Multi-row, multi-table Limited (though improving)
Support
Performance Optimized for complex queries Optimized for high-volume, sim-
ple operations
Best For Complex queries, transactions Big data, real-time applications,
flexible schemas
Examples MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle MongoDB, Cassandra, Redis,
Neo4j

Table 1: Comparison of SQL and NoSQL Databases

3.4 When to Use NoSQL?

1. Handling Big Data – NoSQL databases efficiently manage large volumes
of unstructured and semi-structured data.
2. Horizontal Scalability Needs – When applications require scaling across
multiple servers rather than upgrading a single machine.
3. Flexible Schema Requirements – When the data structure is evolving,
such as user-generated content, logs, or dynamic forms.
4. High-Speed Read/Write Operations – Ideal for real-time applications
like caching, messaging, and gaming platforms.
5. Distributed and Cloud-Based Applications – NoSQL databases support
geographically distributed systems and cloud-native architectures.
6. Eventual Consistency Over Strong Consistency – Suitable for use cases
where availability and partition tolerance are prioritized over strict
ACID compliance.
7. IoT and Sensor Data Processing – Efficiently stores and processes time-
series data from IoT devices and sensors.

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 8. Social Media and Recommendation Systems – Graph and document-
based NoSQL databases excel at managing complex relationships and
personalization.

9. Real-Time Analytics and Logging – NoSQL is ideal for fast data inges-
tion and analysis in real-time analytics and monitoring applications.

10. Microservices Architecture – Works well with microservices, as different

services can use different NoSQL databases suited to their needs.

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4 Introduction
4.1 What is MongoDB?
MongoDB is a NoSQL document-oriented database that stores data in JSON-
like BSON (Binary JSON) format, offering flexibility and scalability. Unlike
relational databases, it does not require a fixed schema, making it ideal for
handling unstructured or semi-structured data. MongoDB supports horizon-
tal scaling through sharding and ensures high availability with replication.
It is widely used in big data, real-time applications, IoT, and content man-
agement systems due to its high-speed performance, flexible data model, and
support for distributed architectures.
MongoDB provides a rich query language that supports indexing, aggre-
gation, and full-text search, making data retrieval efficient. It is widely used
in modern web applications, mobile backends, and real-time analytics. With
features like automatic failover, horizontal scalability, and flexible schema
design, MongoDB is a popular choice for handling large-scale, high-velocity
data. Its replication and sharding mechanisms ensure data availability and
reliability, making it suitable for cloud-based and distributed applications
that require high performance and flexibility.

4.2 Features of MongoDB

Key features of MongoDB:

1. Document-Oriented Storage – Stores data in flexible, JSON-like BSON

format, allowing hierarchical and nested structures.

2. Schema Flexibility – No predefined schema; fields can vary between

documents, making it ideal for dynamic applications.

3. Scalability – Supports horizontal scaling using sharding, distributing

data across multiple servers.

4. Replication & High Availability – Uses replica sets to ensure data re-
dundancy and automatic failover.

5. Indexing for Fast Queries – Supports various index types (single-field,

compound, geospatial, text) to improve query performance.

6. Aggregation Framework – Allows complex data transformations and

analytics using the Aggregation Pipeline.

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 7. High Performance – Optimized for fast read and write operations, mak-
ing it suitable for real-time applications.

8. Load Balancing – Distributes workload efficiently across multiple servers

to prevent bottlenecks.

9. Support for Transactions – Provides ACID-compliant multi-document

transactions for data consistency.

10. Cloud Integration & Scalability – Seamlessly integrates with MongoDB

Atlas, offering managed database services on cloud platforms.

4.3 Who is using MongoDB?

MongoDB is used by top tech companies, startups, and enterprises across
various industries for its scalability, flexibility, and high performance. Global
companies like Facebook, Google, Uber, eBay, and Adobe use MongoDB for
handling large-scale, real-time data processing. Financial services, such as
banks and payment platforms, leverage MongoDB for fast transactions and
fraud detection. E-commerce giants like eBay and Walmart rely on MongoDB
for product catalogs and customer data management.
In healthcare, MongoDB is used for storing and analyzing medical records,
while IoT applications use it for processing sensor data in real time. Gaming
companies use MongoDB to manage user profiles, leaderboards, and in-game
analytics. It is also widely used in content management systems, social net-
works, and cloud-based applications. MongoDB’s flexibility and horizontal
scalability make it a preferred choice for modern, data-driven applications.

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 5 Implementation
5.1 MongoDB Installation
5.1.1 Installing MongoDB on Linux (Ubuntu/Debian)
Step 1: Import the MongoDB Repository
1 # Open Terminal and run :
2 curl - fsSL https :// pgp . mongodb . com / server -6.0. asc | sudo
gpg -- dearmor -o / usr / share / keyrings / mongodb - server
-6.0. gpg
3

4 # Add the MongoDB repository :

5 echo " deb ␣ [ signed - by =/ usr / share / keyrings / mongodb - server
-6.0. gpg ] ␣ https :// repo . mongodb . org / apt / ubuntu ␣ $ (
lsb_release ␣ - cs ) / mongodb - org /6.0 ␣ multiverse " | sudo
tee / etc / apt / sources . list . d / mongodb - org -6.0. list

Step 2: Install MongoDB

1 # Update the package database :
2 sudo apt update
3

4 # Install MongoDB :
5 sudo apt install -y mongodb - org

Step 3: Start and Enable MongoDB Service

1 # Start the MongoDB service :
2 sudo systemctl start mongod
3

4 # Enable MongoDB to start at boot :

5 sudo systemctl enable mongod

Step 4: Verify Installation and Connect

1 # Check MongoDB status :
2 sudo systemctl status mongod
3

4 # Connect to MongoDB shell :

5 mongosh

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 MongoDB is available in two editions: Community (Free) and Enterprise
(Paid).
Installation links:
• Community Edition: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/tutorial/
install-mongodb-on-ubuntu/
• Enterprise Edition: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/tutorial/
install-mongodb-enterprise-on-ubuntu/

5.2 MongoDB Queries and Commands

MongoDB provides various commands for database management, CRUD op-
erations, indexing, and administration. Below is a categorized list of essential
MongoDB commands with examples.

5.2.1 Show All Databases

1 show dbs

Example Output:
1 admin 0.000 GB
2 config 0.000 GB
3 local 0.000 GB

Lists all databases in MongoDB.

5.2.2 Create or Switch Database

1 use myDatabase

If myDatabase does not exist, it will be created when data is added.

5.2.3 Show Current Database

1 db

Displays the currently selected database.

5.2.4 Drop a Database

1 db . dropDatabase ()

Deletes the currently selected database.

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 5.3 Collection Commands
5.3.1 Show Collections (Tables in SQL)

1 show collections

Lists all collections in the selected database.

5.3.2 Create a Collection

1 db . createCollection (" users ")

Creates a new collection named users.

5.3.3 Drop a Collection

1 db . users . drop ()

Deletes the users collection.

5.4 CRUD Operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete)

5.4.1 Insert Documents
Single Document
1 db . users . insertOne ({ name : " John " , age : 25 , city : " New
York " })

Multiple Documents
1 db . users . insertMany ([
2 { name : " Alice " , age : 30 , city : " London " } ,
3 { name : " Bob " , age : 27 , city : " Paris " }
4 ])

5.4.2 Read (Find) Documents

Find All Documents
1 db . users . find ()

Returns all documents in the users collection.

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 Find with Condition
1 db . users . find ({ age : 25 })

Finds users where age is 25.

Find with Projection (Return Specific Fields)

1 db . users . find ({ age : 25 } , { name : 1 , _id : 0 })

Returns only the name field while hiding id.

5.4.3 Update Documents

Update a Single Document
1 db . users . updateOne ({ name : " John " } , { $set : { age : 26 }
})

Updates age of the first document where name is John.

Update Multiple Documents

1 db . users . updateMany ({} , { $set : { country : " USA " } })

Adds country: ”USA” to all documents.

5.4.4 Delete Documents

Delete a Single Document
1 db . users . deleteOne ({ name : " John " })

Deletes the first document where name is John.

Delete Multiple Documents

1 db . users . deleteMany ({ age : { $lt : 28 } })

Deletes all users with age ¡ 28.

5.5 Indexing Commands

5.5.1 Create an Index

1 db . users . createIndex ({ name : 1 })

Creates an index on the name field for faster searches.

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 5.5.2 Show Indexes

1 db . users . getIndexes ()

Lists all indexes in the collection.

5.5.3 Drop an Index

1 db . users . dropIndex (" name_1 ")

Deletes the index on the name field.

5.6 Aggregation Commands

5.6.1 Count Documents

1 db . users . countDocuments ()

Returns the number of documents in the collection.

5.6.2 Group Data by a Field

1 db . users . aggregate ([
2 { $group : { _id : " $city " , totalUsers : { $sum : 1 } } }
3 ])

Groups users by city and counts total users per city.

5.6.3 Sort Data

1 db . users . find () . sort ({ age : -1 })

Sorts users by age in descending order.

5.7 User and Role Management

5.7.1 Create a New User

1 db . createUser ({
2 user : " adminUser " ,
3 pwd : " password123 " ,
4 roles : [{ role : " readWrite " , db : " myDatabase " }]
5 })

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 Creates a user with read and write permissions.

5.7.2 Show All Users

1 show users

Lists all users in the database.

5.7.3 Delete a User

1 db . dropUser (" adminUser ")

Removes the user from the database.

5.8 Backup and Restore Commands

5.8.1 Backup a Database

1 mongodump -- db = myDatabase -- out =/ backup /

Creates a backup of myDatabase.

5.8.2 Restore a Database

1 mongorestore -- db = myDatabase / backup / myDatabase /

Restores myDatabase from backup.

5.9 Server Status & Monitoring

5.9.1 Check MongoDB Server Status

1 db . serverStatus ()

Displays the current server status and metrics.

5.9.2 Check Database Stats

1 db . stats ()

Shows statistics about the selected database.

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 5.9.3 Check Collection Stats

1 db . users . stats ()

Displays statistics about the users collection.

These MongoDB commands cover everything from basic CRUD oper-
ations to advanced indexing, aggregation, user management, and backup
tasks. Mastering these commands helps in efficient database management
and performance optimization.

5.10 MongoDB Compass & Atlas

5.10.1 MongoDB Compass
MongoDB Compass is a GUI tool designed for managing and visualizing
MongoDB databases. It allows users to interact with their data without
writing complex queries, providing an intuitive interface for CRUD opera-
tions, indexing, aggregation, and performance analysis. Compass also offers
schema visualization, real-time server statistics, and query performance in-
sights, making it easier to optimize database structures. Unlike MongoDB
Atlas, which is cloud-based, Compass is a local tool installed on a user’s ma-
chine, making it ideal for database administrators and developers who prefer
an offline, desktop-based database management experience.

5.10.2 MongoDB Atlas

MongoDB Atlas is a fully managed cloud database service provided by Mon-
goDB. It allows users to deploy, manage, and scale MongoDB databases ef-
fortlessly across major cloud providers like AWS, Google Cloud, and Azure.
Atlas automates database administration tasks such as provisioning, patch-
ing, scaling, and backups. It includes built-in security features, performance
monitoring, and auto-scaling capabilities. Developers can connect to Atlas
using MongoDB drivers and integrate it with applications seamlessly. It also
provides a web-based UI for database management, making it ideal for teams
that require a cloud-based, reliable, and scalable NoSQL solution.

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 6 Query Execution
6.1 Placement Data Analysis
Refer Placement Data Set.csv file and answer the following questions.
Data Description:

• ssc p – Percentage in Class 10

• ssc b – Board studied in Class 10

• hsc p – Percentage in Class 12

• hsc b – Board studied in Class 12

• hsc s – Stream studied in Class 12

• degree p – Percentage in Degree

• degree t – Type of Degree (Science & Technology / Commerce & Man-

agement / Others)

• workex – Work experience

• etest p – Percentage in Entrance Test

• status – Placement status

6.1.1 Filter Students with Science and Technology Degree

Filter the students from Science and Technology (Sci&Tech) degree (degree t)
having degree percentage (degree p) 75. Find out number of such students
present?
1 { " degree_t ": " Sci & Tech " , " degree_p ": { " $gte ": 75 } }

Figure 1: Results of query for Science & Technology students with degree
percentage 75

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 6.1.2 Female Students with Science and Technology Degree
From the above filter students with gender as F. How many observations do
you get?
1 {
2 " degree_t ": " Sci & Tech " ,
3 " degree_p ": { " $gte ": 75 } ,
4 " gender ": " F "
5 }

6.1.3 Subset with Higher Degree Percentage

How will you select a subset of the data of students from Solution (b) with
degree p ¿= 80? Assign the dataset to p upper. How many observations
does p upper contain?
1 {
2 " degree_t ": " Sci & Tech " ,
3 " degree_p ": { " $gte ": 75 } ,
4 " gender ": " F " ,
5 " degree_p ": { " $gte ": 80 }
6 }

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 6.1.4 Mean and Median Degree Percentage
Calculate the median of degree p of all students? What is the mean value?
1 [
2 {
3 " $group ": {
4 " _id ": null ,
5 " meanDegreeP ": { " $avg ": " $degree_p " } ,
6 " allValues ": { " $push ": " $degree_p " }
7 }
8 },
9 {
10 " $project ": {
11 " meanDegreeP ": 1 ,
12 " sortedValues ": {
13 " $sortArray ": { " input ": " $allValues " , " sortBy ":
1 }
14 }
15 }
16 },
17 {
18 " $project ": {
19 " meanDegreeP ": 1 ,
20 " medianDegreeP ": {
21 " $arrayElemAt ": [
22 " $sortedValues " ,
23 { " $floor ": { " $divide ": [{ " $size ": "
$sortedValues " } , 2] } }
24 ]
25 }
26 }
27 }
28 ]

6.2 COVID-19 Data Analysis

Refer covid 19 india.csv file and answer the following questions.

6.2.1 Month with Highest Infection Rate

Filter the month in which highest people are get infected to Covid-19 virus?
1 [

20
 2 {
3 " $project ": {
4 " yearMonth ": {
5 " $dateToString ": { " format ": "% Y -% m " , " date ": {
" $toDate ": " $Date " } }
6 },
7 " Confirmed ": 1
8 }
9 },
10 {
11 " $group ": {
12 " _id ": " $yearMonth " ,
13 " totalCases ": { " $sum ": " $Confirmed " }
14 }
15 },
16 { " $sort ": { " totalCases ": -1 } } ,
17 { " $limit ": 1 }
18 ]

6.2.2 State with Highest Survival Rate

Obtain state in which survival rate is high.
1 [
2 {
3 " $group ": {
4 " _id ": " $State / UnionTerritory " ,
5 " totalConfirmed ": { " $sum ": " $Confirmed " } ,
6 " totalCured ": { " $sum ": " $Cured " }
7 }
8 },
9 {
10 " $project ": {
11 " state ": " $_id " ,
12 " survivalRate ": {
13 " $multiply ": [{ " $divide ": [" $totalCured " , "
$totalConfirmed "] } , 100]
14 }
15 }
16 },
17 { " $sort ": { " survivalRate ": -1 } } ,
18 { " $limit ": 1 }
19 ]

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 6.2.3 States with High Death Rate
Check for state in which death rate is more than 1%.
1 [
2 {
3 " $group ": {
4 " _id ": " $State / UnionTerritory " ,
5 " totalConfirmed ": { " $sum ": " $Confirmed " } ,
6 " totalDeaths ": { " $sum ": " $Deaths " }
7 }
8 },
9 {
10 " $project ": {
11 " state ": " $_id " ,
12 " deathRate ": {
13 " $multiply ": [{ " $divide ": [" $totalDeaths " , "
$totalConfirmed "] } , 100]
14 }
15 }
16 },
17 { " $match ": { " deathRate ": { " $gt ": 1 } } } ,
18 { " $sort ": { " deathRate ": -1 } }
19 ]

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7 Challenges and Limitations of MongoDB
7.1 Challenges
• Schema Design Complexity – Unlike relational databases, Mon-
goDB does not enforce a fixed schema, making it challenging to design
efficient document structures, especially for complex relationships.
• Indexing Overhead – While indexing improves query performance,
improper indexing strategies can lead to increased memory usage and
slower writes.
• Memory Consumption – MongoDB stores indexes in RAM for fast
lookups, which can cause high memory consumption, especially for
large datasets.
• Data Redundancy – Due to the denormalized document structure,
data duplication can occur, increasing storage requirements.
• Replication and Failover Management – Setting up replica sets
and ensuring data consistency across multiple nodes requires careful
configuration and monitoring.
• Limited Support for Complex Transactions – Although Mon-
goDB supports multi-document ACID transactions, they are not as op-
timized as those in traditional SQL databases, making complex trans-
actional workflows challenging.

7.2 Limitations
• Lack of Joins – Unlike SQL databases, MongoDB does not support
traditional joins, requiring data embedding or application-side joins,
which can impact performance.
• Write-Heavy Workloads Impact Performance – High-frequency
write operations, especially in large collections, can cause performance
bottlenecks due to journaling and replication overhead.
• Sharding Complexity – Implementing sharding for horizontal scaling
requires careful planning to avoid uneven data distribution (shard key
selection is crucial).
• High Disk Space Usage – BSON format and pre-allocation of storage
lead to higher disk space consumption compared to other databases.

23
• Limited Analytics and Reporting Features – MongoDB is opti-
mized for real-time applications but lacks built-in advanced analytics
features compared to traditional data warehouses.

24
8 Conclusion
MongoDB has proven to be a powerful and flexible NoSQL database, offer-
ing high scalability, performance, and ease of use for handling unstructured
and semi-structured data. Through this project, we explored the core ar-
chitecture of MongoDB, including its document-based data model, indexing
mechanisms, and advanced features such as replication and sharding. The
practical implementation of CRUD operations, aggregation pipelines, and
query optimization demonstrated MongoDB’s efficiency in managing large-
scale applications.

Additionally, the project highlighted MongoDB’s advantages over tra-

ditional relational databases, particularly in scenarios requiring rapid data
retrieval, horizontal scalability, and schema flexibility. While MongoDB ex-
cels in high-performance applications like e-commerce, real-time analytics,
and IoT, it also presents challenges such as complex query optimization and
memory-intensive indexing. However, with continuous advancements and in-
tegrations with cloud platforms like MongoDB Atlas, it remains a top choice
for modern database solutions. Future enhancements could include deeper
integration with AI-driven analytics, performance benchmarking, and real-
world deployment case studies. Overall, this project reinforced MongoDB’s
significance in modern software development and data management.

25
References

• MongoDB Official Website: https://www.mongodb.com/

• MongoDB: The Definitive Guide by Kristina Chodorow

• MongoDB Tutorial on TutorialsPoint:

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/mongodb/index.htm

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