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Simplified JavaScript for Very
Important Programmers
The Fast Track to Mastering Essential
JavaScript Concepts

Ebenezer Don
This book is for sale at http://leanpub.com/vip-javascript

This version was published on 2023-03-10

This is a Leanpub book. Leanpub empowers authors and

publishers with the Lean Publishing process. Lean Publishing is
the act of publishing an in-progress ebook using lightweight tools
and many iterations to get reader feedback, pivot until you have
the right book and build traction once you do.

© 2023 Ebenezer Don

Contents

Getting The Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

What is JavaScript and How Does it Work? . . . . . . . . 3

How Does JavaScript Work? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
History of JavaScript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Differences Between JavaScript and HTML/CSS . . . . . 5
Uses of JavaScript across multiple fields . . . . . . . . . . 6

How to write and run JavaScript code . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Using a web browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Using an online code editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Using an offline code editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

JavaScript syntax and Data types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Comments in JavaScript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Basic conditional statements (If-else) . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Variables in JavaScript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Variable declaration and assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Variable naming rules and conventions . . . . . . . . . . 22

Basic JavaScript operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

CONTENTS

Arithmetic operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
The Concatenation operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Assignment operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Comparison operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Logical operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
How to define functions in JavaScript . . . . . . . . . . . 33
The return keyword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Function Parameters vs Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
More on the return statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Anonymous functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Multi-line return statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Arrow Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Functions best practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
JavaScript String Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
JS Math functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Declaring and Initializing Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Accessing and modifying Array Elements . . . . . . . . . 49
Array Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Array Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Higher Order Functions (HOFs) and Callbacks . . . . . . . 58

Creating Higher-order functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Built-in HOFs and Array Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
The JavaScript Timing methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

JavaScript Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Rules and Guidelines for creating objects . . . . . . . . . 77
Adding, modifying and Removing Properties . . . . . . . 82
Object.prototype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Object methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Object destructuring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
CONTENTS

Conditional Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Else-if statements in JavaScript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Nested if statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
The Switch statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
The ternary operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
The for Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
The for...in loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
The for...of loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
The while Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
The do...while Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

The Document Object Model (DOM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Accessing the DOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Modifying DOM Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Removing elements from the DOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Traversing the DOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

How to include JavaScript in an HTML file . . . . . . . . . 153

Writing JavaScript in the HTML file (inline JavaScript) . 153
Creating a separate JavaScript file (external JavaScript) . 154
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Browser Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Event Object Properties and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Browser Event types and listeners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Keyboard Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Form Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Window Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Browser Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Cookies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
LocalStorage and SessionStorage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
CONTENTS

Building A Todo List App with JavaScript . . . . . . . . . . 178

Using HTML to structure our app . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Using JavaScript to add functionality to our app . . . . . 179
Rendering saved tasks to the browser . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Adding tasks to the list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Marking tasks as complete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Removing Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Asynchronous JavaScript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

What is Asynchronous JavaScript? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Promises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Promise Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Making HTTP Requests with Promises and the Fetch API 202
Async/Await . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Working with Date and Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

Creating a Date Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Getting the Date and Time Components . . . . . . . . . . 214
Setting the Date and Time Components . . . . . . . . . . 216
Formatting Dates and Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Final Thoughts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

 Getting The Book
I’m thrilled that you’re interested in this book! To get your hands on
a legitimate copy, I highly recommend visiting vipjavascript.com*,
Leanpub.com/vip-javascript† or selar.co/vip-javascript‡.
By purchasing from the official websites, you’ll receive access to the
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I kindly ask that you refrain from sharing or pirating the book.
I’ve put in countless hours of work, and it’s important that I’m
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Thank you for your support, and happy reading!
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†https://leanpub.com/vip-javascript
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 Introduction
“Simplified JavaScript for Very Important Programmers” is a re-
freshing and practical guide for beginners who want to master ev-
ery essential aspect of JavaScript. In this book, I offer a streamlined
approach to learning JavaScript with relatable real-life examples
that make the concepts easy to understand, even for those without
programming experience.
I’ve divided this book into two parts. The first part is designed
for everyone learning JavaScript, and the second part focuses on
using JavaScript on the web, building on the foundational concepts
covered in the first part.
I’ve written everything in clear and concise language, making it
easy for everyone to follow along and grasp. Whether you’re a
student, an entrepreneur, or simply someone interested in program-
ming, this book will guide you through the essential concepts of
JavaScript with ease and efficiency.
From variables and operators to loops, functions and objects,
we’ll cover everything you need to know to become a competent
JavaScript programmer. The examples and exercises throughout
this book are designed to reinforce your learning and help you
apply your knowledge in real-world scenarios.
If you’re looking for a practical and enjoyable way to learn
JavaScript, you’re reading the perfect book.
 What is JavaScript and
How Does it Work?
JavaScript is a programming language that was initially developed
as a means to add dynamic and interactive elements to websites.
Today, it is one of the most popular programming languages in
the world and is used for a wide range of applications, including
web development, mobile app development, server-side scripting,
machine learning, game development, and more. When learning
web development, it is essential to understand how JavaScript
works and how you can use it to build dynamic websites and add
interactivity to your web pages.
JavaScript is a dynamically-typed language, which means that you
can use it to store different types of information without telling
the computer what you’ll put there ahead of time. Since you don’t
have to keep track of so many rules, it’s usually easier to read
and write JavaScript than other programming languages like C++,
Java, or Rust. However, this also means that you can make mistakes
that are hard to catch, so it’s important to be careful when writing
JavaScript code.
JavaScript is often used in conjunction with HTML and CSS to
create interactive and dynamic websites. One of its main features
is its ability to manipulate and interact with web pages; it can be
used to change the content and layout of a webpage, respond to user
input, and communicate with servers to retrieve and update data.
So, while HTML provides the structure and content of a webpage,
and CSS defines its style and layout, JavaScript adds behavior and
interactivity.
What is JavaScript and How Does it Work? 4

How Does JavaScript Work?

When a JavaScript program is run, the computer reads the code and
follows its instructions.
In the case of web development, JavaScript is usually run in a
web browser like Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox. When you
open a webpage that contains JavaScript, your browser reads the
JavaScript code and uses it to interact with and modify the content
of the webpage, its layout, and its behavior.
You can also use JavaScript in other contexts like mobile app
development and server-side programming, in which case, the
JavaScript code is run on a different type of device or platform, but
the process of executing the code is similar.
One thing to note is that JavaScript is an interpreted language,
meaning it is not compiled (translated into machine code) before
it is run. Instead, the computer interprets the code as it is being
executed. This makes writing and debugging JavaScript programs
easier, but it can also make them run slower than programs written
in compiled languages.

History of JavaScript
JavaScript was created by Brendan Eich in 1995 and was first
introduced with the release of Netscape Navigator 2.0, a popular
web browser at the time. JavaScript was initially called Mocha but
later renamed to LiveScript and then to JavaScript in an attempt
to take advantage of the buzz surrounding the Java programming
language.
JavaScript quickly gained popularity among web developers and be-
came supported by other major web browsers like Internet Explorer
and Safari. In 1996, JavaScript was standardized by the European
What is JavaScript and How Does it Work? 5

Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA) as ECMAScript,

which remains its official name today.

Differences Between JavaScript and

HTML/CSS
JavaScript is often used with HTML and CSS to build websites.
However, there are some important differences between the three
languages. One crucial difference is that JavaScript is a program-
ming language, while HTML is a markup language and CSS is a
style sheet used to describe the appearance of a webpage. So, you’ll
often find JavaScript more difficult to learn than HTML and CSS.
Some key features of JavaSCript that are not found in HTML and
CSS include:

• The ability to execute code based on conditions or events

• The ability to iterate through data and perform actions on
multiple elements
• The ability to create and manipulate different types of data
• The ability to make requests to servers and retrieve data

While HTML and CSS are important for defining the content and
appearance of a webpage, without JavaScript, it’s difficult to add
interactivity to your webpage that’ll make users love it. JavaScript
allows developers to build more sophisticated and engaging user
experiences, and it is a critical component of modern web develop-
ment.
What is JavaScript and How Does it Work? 6

Uses of JavaScript across multiple

fields
Apart from web development, you can use JavaScript for a wide
range of applications, including:

Server-side programming

When you visit a website, your web browser sends a request to

the website’s server, which then executes the code responsible
for handling that request and generating an appropriate response.
Tools like Node.js and Deno make it possible to run JavaScript on
the server instead of a browser. This enables developers to build
scalable, high-performance applications that can handle many con-
current users.

Mobile app development

You can use JavaScript to build cross-platform mobile apps with

tools like Cordova, React Native, and NativeScript. These tools
allow developers to write JavaScript code that is compiled and run
on a mobile device rather than in a browser.

Game development

You can also use JavaScript to build browser-based games with tools
like Phaser and Babylon.js. These tools allow you to create 2D and
3D games that can be played in a web browser.
What is JavaScript and How Does it Work? 7

Data visualization

JavaScript libraries like D3.js and Highcharts can be used to create

interactive data visualizations for websites and applications.

Robotics

You can use JavaScript to control and program robots using plat-
forms like NodeBots and Johnny-Five.

Internet of Things (IoT)

JavaScript can be used to build applications that interact with and

control connected devices, such as smart home appliances and
sensors.

Machine learning

With JavaScript libraries like TensorFlow.js and Brain.js, you can

build machine-learning models and incorporate them into web
applications.
 How to write and run
JavaScript code
The best way to learn JavaScript is by writing JavaScript. Let’s
explore the different ways you can write and run JavaScript code
so that it’ll be easy for you to practice whatever you learn.

Using a web browser

One of the simplest and most accessible ways to write JavaScript
code is by using a web browser. Most modern web browsers, such
as Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Safari, have a built-in
JavaScript engine that allows you to write and run JavaScript code
directly in the browser.
To write JavaScript code in a web browser, you can use the
browser’s developer tools. To open the developer tools in Google
Chrome, right-click on any webpage and select “Inspect” from the
context menu. Alternatively, you can press Ctrl + Shift + I on a
Windows or Linux computer, or Command + Option + I on a Mac.
Once the developer tools window is open, navigate to the “Console”
tab, where you’ll be able to write your JavaScript code. For example,
you can try typing the following code into the console, but with
your name instead of mine:

1 console.log('My name is Ebenezer Don')

2 console.log('JavaScript is awesome!')

To run your JavaScript code, press the Enter key on your keyboard.
This will print the message “My name is Ebenezer Don” and
How to write and run JavaScript code 9

“JavaScript is awesome!” to the console. Good job! I’ll explain every

part of the code you just wrote later on.

Using an online code editor

Another way to write and run JavaScript code is by using an online
code editor or online Integrated Development Environment (IDE).
There are many online code editors and IDEs available that allow
you to write and run JavaScript code from your web browser. Some
popular options include CodePen, JSFiddle, and JS Bin.
You need an internet connection to use an online code editor, but it
has several advantages too. First, it allows you to write and run code
from anywhere. Second, you can easily share your code with others
through links. Third, many online code editors and IDEs have built-
in features that can ease the process of writing code and checking
for errors.

Using an offline code editor

There are also several offline code editors and IDEs you can use
to write and run JavaScript code. Some popular options include
Eclipse, NetBeans, Visual Studio and Visual Studio Code (with the
help of extensions). These IDEs need to be installed on your local
computer and typically have more features and functionality than
online code editors. They are often used for more complex projects,
and even if you don’t start with them, you’ll eventually need one
as you progress.
The easiest to get started with is your browser console, so I
recommend writing and running your first JavaScript code on it,
and when you do, take a screenshot and save it where you can
access it a year from now. I’m sure you’ll be proud of your progress.
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