International Journal of Research in Engineering, Technology and Science, Vol.

VIII,
Issue X, Dec 2019

www.ijrets.com, [email protected], ISSN 2454-1915

TRAFFIC DENSITY DETECTION WITH

VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION FOR SMART
TRAFFIC MONITORING
Dr.S.P.Godse, Nitesh More, Anuja Surana, Pragati Patil, Shubham Kamble
Department of Computer Engineering, SAE,

Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.

Abstract: In today’s generation of twenty first century, we have to face several issues a well-known
of that is traffic jam becoming a lot of serious day by day. The traffic congestion can also be caused
by large Red light de-lays, etc. This paper is about optimization of Image processing based traffic
light controller in a City using raspberry pi microcontroller. The system tries to reduce possibilities
of traffic jams, caused by traffic lights, to an extent. The micro-controller used in the system is
Raspberry pie. One camera is placed on respective road and capture images to analyze traffic density.
Then according to density priorities of traffic light signals are decided. The system contains three
LEDs which are mounted on the one side of road. According to this project if traffic density is higher
the traffic signals automatically stop the signals and give green signal for this vehicles. Here traffic
density is detected using image processing. Canny edge detection is used to detect the edges of an
object and according to the no objects traffic density can be detected.

Keywords: traffic density, image processing, raspberry pi, led, etc.

INTRODUCTION:

In an old automatic traffic controlling a traffic light uses timer for every phase. Using electronic sensors is
another way in order to detect vehicles, and produce signal that to this method the time is being wasted by
a green light on an empty road. Traffic congestion also occurred while using the electronic sensors for
controlling the traffic. All these drawbacks are supposed to be eliminated by using image processing. We
propose a system for controlling the traffic light by image processing. The vehicles are detected by the
system through images instead of using electronic sensors embedded in the pavement. A camera will be
placed alongside the traffic light. It will capture image sequences. Image processing is a better technique
to control the state change of the traffic light. It shows that it can decrease the traffic congestion and avoids
the time being wasted by a green light on an empty road. It is also more reliable in estimating vehicle
presence because it uses actual traffic images. It visualizes the practicality, so it functions much better than
those systems that rely on the detection of the vehicles’ metal content. Image Processing is a technique to
enhance raw images received from cameras/sensors placed on space probes, aircrafts and satellites or

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 International Journal of Research in Engineering, Technology and Science, Vol. VIII, Issue X, Dec 2019

www.ijrets.com, [email protected], ISSN 2454-1915

pictures taken in normal day-to-day life for various applications. An Image is rectangular graphical object.
Image processing involves issues related to image representation, compression

Techniques and various complex operations, which can be carried out on the image data. The operations
that come under image processing are image enhancement operations such as sharpening, blurring,
brightening, edge enhancement etc. Image processing is any form of signal processing for which the input
is an image, such as photographs or frames of video; the output of image processing can be either an image
or a set of characteristics or parameters related to the image. Most image processing techniques involve
treating the image as a two-dimensional signal and applying standard signal processing techniques to it.
Image processing usually refers to digital image processing, but optical and analog image processing are
also possible. Many techniques have been developed in Image Processing during the last four to five
decades. Most of the methods are developed for enhancing images obtained from unmanned space probes,
spacecraft and military reconnaissance flights. Image Processing systems are becoming widely popular due
to easy availability of powerful personnel computers, large memory devices, graphics software and many
more. Image processing involves issues related to image representation, compression techniques and
various complex operations, which can be carried out on the image data. The operations that come under
image processing are image enhancement operations such as sharpening, blurring and brightening, edge
enhancement .Traffic density of lanes is calculated using image processing which is done of images of
lanes that are captured using digital camera. We have chosen image processing for calculation of traffic
density as cameras are very much cheaper than other devises such as sensors. Making use of the above
mentioned virtues of image processing we propose a technique that can be used for traffic control. Here
the traffic density is detected according to the number of objects detected and the threshold value. If
threshold value is defined to be n and the number of vehicles detected are greater than n then it is considered
as traffic density is high or else traffic density is less. Now the threshold value can be set according to our
requirement. Threshold value is a static value and it is a developer dependent.

LITERATURE SURVEY:

Highway traffic density control based on the composite of CACMAC and PID controller

Xinrong Liang ; Jiexia Fu ; Mu Yan ; Xinrong Liang

Published in: 2017 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC)

In this paper, a composite control method based on credit assignment cerebellar model articulation
controller (CACMAC) and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is applied to highway density
control. Firstly, a macroscopic traffic model is established to describe the evolution process of highway
traffic flow accurately. Secondly, the principle and algorithm of CACMAC-PID compound control are
studied in detail. Thirdly, road density controllers based on CACMAC-PID compound control are designed
by combining the highway traffic model and a nonlinear feedback technology

A simulation study of traffic agent to identify traffic flow density using modified traffic cellular automaton
model

Steven Ray Sentinuwo ; Kohei Arai

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 International Journal of Research in Engineering, Technology and Science, Vol. VIII, Issue X, Dec 2019

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Published in: 2015 1st International Conference on Wireless and Telematics (ICWT)

This paper presents the evaluation of traffic agent utilization to identify road traffic flow density.This
research also proposes the concept of traffic agent as the new method for traffic monitoring and
surveillance. Smart autonomous traffic light switching by traffic density measurement through sensors

Y M Jagadeesh ; G. Merlin Suba ; S Karthik ; K Yokesh

Published in: 2015 International Conference on Computers, Communications, and Systems (ICCCS) This
paper is concerned with the development and implementation of Sensor based Traffic Light System with
Dynamic Control which in turn reduces the Average Trip Waiting Time (ATWT). It consists of IR sensors,
Low Power embedded controllers, comparators and storage device. Comprehensive traffic management
system: Real-time traffic data analysis using RFID B S Meghana ; Santoshi Kumari ; T P Pushphavathi
Published in: 2017 International conference of Electronics, Communication and Aerospace

Technology (ICECA) Comprehensive Traffic Management System (CTMS) using Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID) and analytics for real time implementation has been proposedTraffic Light Controller
Using Sound Sensors and Density Sensors R. R. Jegan ; E. Sree Devi ; M. Sindhuja ; S. Pushna ; D. Sudhaa
Published in: 2018 Second International Conference on Inventive Communication and
Computational Technologies (ICICCT) we are using density sensor for measuring density of the vehicles
and sound sensors to detect the sound signals of such vehicles. All these sensors are interfaced to the PIC
micro controller to collect the data and provide priority to the congested lane.

PROPOSED SYSTEM:-

Steps:

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 International Journal of Research in Engineering, Technology and Science, Vol. VIII, Issue X, Dec 2019

www.ijrets.com, [email protected], ISSN 2454-1915

a) Images are rescaled to fixed resolution.

b) Then the above rescaled images are converted from RGB to gray.

c) Edge detection of pre-processed images is carried out using canny edge detection technique.

d) The output images of previous step are matched using pixel to pixel matching technique.

After matching the timing allocation is done depending on the count of the vehicles that are calculated.

1) First the signal is set to red

2) Then it is changed to yellow for 6 seconds
3) If the traffic density is higher than signal will immediately turn into green
4) If the number of vehicles counted is less than threshold value then red signal will get on. And so on

METHODOLOGY:

The camera will capture the image, the captured image will undergo an image processing technique to
detect number of objects in the image as below:

RGB TO GRAY Scale Conversion:

RGB to gray conversion is done on the progression of images. Now gamma correction is done on each of
the captured gray image to achieve image enhancement.

IMAGE ENHANCEMENT:

The acquired image in RGB is first converted into gray. Now we want to bring our image in contrast to
background so that the appropriate threshold level may be selected while binary conversion is carried out.
This calls for image enhancement techniques. The objective of enhancement is to process an image so that
result is more suitable than the original image for the specific application.

EDGE DETECTION:

Edge detection methods locate the pixels in the image that correspond to the Edge detection is a basic tool
in image processing, machine vision and computer envisage, particularly in the areas of feature reveal and
feature extraction. In our project we use “CANNY EDGE DETECTION
TECHNIQUE” because of its various advantages over other edge detection techniques.

CANNY EDGE DETECTION:

The Canny Edge Detector is one of the most commonly used image processing tools detecting edges in a
very robust manner. It is a multi-step process, which can be implemented on the GPU as a sequence of
filters.

to describe the business and operational step by- step flows of components in a system. The UML diagrams
of the applications are figured as follows:

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 International Journal of Research in Engineering, Technology and Science, Vol. VIII, Issue X, Dec 2019

www.ijrets.com, [email protected], ISSN 2454-1915

Use Case Diagram:

Use Case Diagram. Example below It shows a set of use cases and actors (a special type of class and their
relationship). Use case diagrams address the static use case view of the system. Such diagrams are
particularly important in the arrangement and simulation of a system's actions.

Conclusion:

It project provides an adaptive traffic control system based on image processing through the use of
Raspberry pi that we will introduce using the PYTHON programming language. "Image Processing Based
Intelligent Traffic Control using Raspberry Pi" technique we are proposing to overcome all the limitations
of the previous (in-use) traffic control techniques. Later in the automated use of the clock for traffic control,
there was a downside that the time wasted on the empty by green light. This approach is going to avoid all
these problems.

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 International Journal of Research in Engineering, Technology and Science, Vol. VIII, Issue X, Dec 2019

www.ijrets.com, [email protected], ISSN 2454-1915

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