AST eS ai” SUNSTONe Practical 5 To measure the >| pas > rtanc using L Ss constant nethodCiunit Diageo \ A (y— | S Tapaherd \ is A gh ee 4 ea gbovviliews SN |L2 ee WAS mot [Vp (vd A. | Rex orn {4B yIo® | 148 a (pelo | Ba juan! | 58 ry lye acres males) 182 u. | Blue Uo 9.9 xi? | 918Materials Required: LEDs of different colors (each with a known wavelength) Variable power supply Voltmeter (to measure voltage across the LED) Ammeter (to measure current through the LED) ‘Aruler or measuring tape (for precise alignment if necessary) Optical filters (optional, to isolate specific wavelengths of light) Digital multimeter (for accurate voltage and current measurement) Protractor or angle measuring tool (if you need to measure light intensity angles) |. Thermometer (optional, for controlling temperature) 10. Microscope or optical sensor (for accurate detection of light output) Zeernaunsens Objectives: 1, Tounderstand the concept of the photoelectric effect and its relation to Planck’s constant. 2, To experimentally determine Planck's constant using the LED method. 8, Toanalyze the relationship between the voltage and the frequency of emitted light from an LED. 4, Touse the energy equation for photons to derive Planck's constant. 5. Tounderstand the role of LED color (wavelength) in determining the energy of emitted photons Expected Outcomes: 1. The student will derive Planck's constant from experimental data, 2. The student will understand the relationship between the voltage applied to the LED, the frequency of emitted light, and the energy of the photons. 3. The student will gain hands-on experience with measuring electrical parameters (voltage and current) and light emission. 4, The student will/be able to plot a graph of energy versus frequency and use the slone to determine Planck’s constant. 5, The studeft will learn how LEDs can bo used asa simple tool to study the photoelectric effect ‘and quantum properties of light. Description: The LED method allows for the measurement of Planck's constant by utilizing the energy of light emitted by LEDs at different colors. Each LED emits light at a specific wavelength and frequency. ‘According to the equation for photon enerey: Eshfe =hfe-hi Where:Gunph Adio Vo ond Vo i- ig,+ EEEis the energy of the emitted photon (in Joutes), hhhis Planck's constant (in Joules'seconds), fifis the frequency of the emitted light (in Hz), In this experiment, you will apply a known voltage across the LED to cause it to the emitted light can be related to the voltage across the LED, the energy required to excite electrons in the LED material. ‘emit light. The ener By of as the energy of a photon corresponds to By measuring the voltage and knowing the wavelength of the light emitted by the LED, you can calculate the frequency and, using the photon energy formula, solve for Planck's constant. Steps 1, Setup the Experiment: © Connect the LED to the variable power supply and the ammeter to measure the current, © Use the voltmeter tomeasure the voltage across the LED, © Ensure that you have a set of LEDs with known wavelengths. 2. Measure Voltage and Current: © For each LED, vary the voltage and measure the current. © Record the voltage where the LED just starts emitting light (this is the threshold voltage). 3. Calculate the Frequency: © Use the wavelength of the LED light to calculate the frequency using the equation: = \frac{c}{\lambda} f=Ac Where: = fffis the frequency, = cccis the speed of light (3,00*108 m/s3.00 \times 1048 \, \text{m/s}3,00x108m/s), = A\lambdadis the wavelength of the light emitted by the LED. 4. Determine Photon Energy: © The energy EEE of the photon can be calculated as: E=eVE = eVE=eV Where = oes the charge of an electron (1.6x10-19 C1.6 \times 104-19) \, \text{C}1.6*10-190), = Wis tthe threshold voltage at which the LED emits light. 5. Plot and Calculate Planck's Constant: @ Plot a graph of energy EEE versus frequency fff for the different LEDs, © The slope of the line of best fit will give you Planck's constant hhh. Ni Questions: 1, How does the color (wavelength) of the LED affect the voltage required to emit light? 2. Why does the LED require a threshold voltage to emit light? 3, How cane relate the energy of the emitted light to the voltage across the LED? 4, Whatis the significance of the frequency: waveleng th relationship in this experiment? 5, What factors could cause errors in the determination of Planck’s constant in this experiment? 6, Whyisit important to Use LEDs with different wavelengths in this experiment? Expected Questions:3 nie ere) vat ‘ QD 8 ! any Kana \IA ual Pe da |e @ A & | fa | MEY a 15: a By [4 Hes oe a M15 jg (Ral en oe a2 z foe areca ==function, which is influenced by the What happens if we se an LED with a wavelength outside the visible spectrum? @ If the wavelength is too tong (infrared) or too short (utraviolot), the an Tot be detectable by the human eye or might require adifferent meth energy. itted photon may d of measuring the How does this experiment confirm the quantum nature of light? © This experiment demonstrates the quantizat between voltage (energy) and frequency su} and proportional to frequency. What assumptions are made in this experiment when calculating Planck's constant) © We assume that the LED operates under ideal conditions, the wavelength is accurately known’ and the energy is purely related to the LED's light emission, neglecting losses or inefficiencies, Why might the calculated value of Planck's constant differ from the accepted value? © Possible sources of errorinclude inaccuracies in voltage measurement, uncertainties in the LED's wavelength, and/assumptions about the LED's efficiency, Whatis the significance of using the photon energy formulaE=hfE=h fE=hf in the context of the LED method? tlon of energy in light. The relationship phorts the idea that light enerayis discrete © The formula connects the enerey of emitted photons (related to voltage) with their frequency, allowing Us to extract Planck's constant a5 a fundamental constant of nature.