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Chapter Outline Space and Satellite

The document discusses the history and significance of space exploration, highlighting key milestones such as the launch of Sputnik-1 and NASA's Moon landing. It covers the roles of various space agencies, the International Space Station, and the importance of artificial satellites for communication and navigation. Additionally, it details different types of satellites and their applications in modern technology.

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Anns Mustafa
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9 views3 pages

Chapter Outline Space and Satellite

The document discusses the history and significance of space exploration, highlighting key milestones such as the launch of Sputnik-1 and NASA's Moon landing. It covers the roles of various space agencies, the International Space Station, and the importance of artificial satellites for communication and navigation. Additionally, it details different types of satellites and their applications in modern technology.

Uploaded by

Anns Mustafa
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter: Space and Satellite

1. Space Exploration
Humans have always been fascinated by heavenly bodies. Curiosity about the Earth and space led to the
invention of the rocket, making it possible to explore beyond our atmosphere. This allowed us to learn more
about the origins of the Earth and the solar system.
The space age officially began on October 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union launched Sputnik-1, the first
artificial satellite, into Earth’s orbit.
Later, on November 3, 1957, the Soviet Union sent Sputnik-2, which carried the first living being into space
– a dog named Laika.

2. The Role of NASA


NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) is the American space agency responsible for space
exploration and aviation.
 On 20th July 1969, NASA made history when man first stepped on the Moon.
 NASA has sent numerous spacecrafts to other planets for research and investigation.
 On May 14, 1973, NASA launched the Skylab space station, which orbited Earth for about six
months, allowing astronauts to perform experiments in a gravity-free environment.

3. Russian Contributions to Space


 The MIR Space Station was launched by Russia and orbited the Earth for 15 years at a height of 300
km.
 It allowed scientists to perform many experiments in space.

4. International Space Station (ISS)


The ISS is a joint project involving Russia, Japan, Canada, Europe, and the USA.
 It has been orbiting the Earth at a height of 400 km for the past 20 years.
 The ISS completes one revolution around the Earth every 90 minutes.
 Over 250 scientists have worked aboard the ISS, conducting experiments in a gravity-free
environment.

5. Satellites
Natural Satellite
 A satellite is an object that moves around a planet due to gravity.
 The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite.
Moons of Other Planets
Some other planets have more than one moon:
Sr. No. Planet Number of Moons
1 Mars 2
2 Jupiter 79
3 Saturn 82
4 Uranus 27
5 Neptune 14

6. Artificial Satellites
Artificial satellites are man-made objects sent into space to orbit the Earth. They are launched using rockets
and are placed at specific heights.
 The higher the satellite, the slower it moves, and the longer it takes to complete one orbit.
Example: The Hubble Space Telescope is an artificial satellite used for space observation and
communication.

7. Importance of Artificial Satellites


Artificial satellites are used for:
 Radio and television transmission
 Internet and telephone communication
 Precise GPS navigation
 Weather forecasting and disaster monitoring

8. Types of Satellites
a. Geostationary Satellites
 Orbit at a height of 36,000 km, moving at the same speed as the Earth's rotation.
 Remain fixed above the equator.
 Used for TV and communication.
Interesting Fact: Earth rotates at 1,470 km/hour over the equator.
b. Polar Satellites
 Orbit from north to south pole, scanning the entire Earth.
 Used for weather forecasting, Earth observation, and navigation.

9. Communication Satellites
 Help transmit signals for radio, TV, and mobile phones.
 Over 200 satellites are currently used for communication.
 Signals can also be received directly using dish antennas.
Did You Know?
The study of Earth using satellites is called remote sensing.

10. Global Positioning System (GPS)


 GPS helps in locating any place on Earth.
 Consists of 24 satellites orbiting Earth at a height of 400 km.
 GPS is widely used by drivers, sailors, pilots, and even hikers.
GPS can pinpoint a location with up to 10-meter accuracy using signals from at least 4 satellites.

Sr.no Words Translation


1. Exploration Исследование
2. Heavenly bodies Небесные тела
3. Artificial satellite Искусственный спутник
4. Orbit Орбита
5. Launched Запущен
6. Gravity free environment Среда без гравитации
7. Revolution Оборот
8. Moons Луны
9. Geostationary Геостационарный
10. Polar Satellites Полярные спутники
11. Remote sensing Дистанционное зондирование
12. Navigation Навигация

Scientific Term Translation in Russian Simple Translation in Russian


Artificial Satellite Искусственный спутник Рукотворный объект в космосе
Orbit Орбита Путь объекта вокруг другого под влиянием
гравитации
Satellite Спутник Объект, движущийся вокруг планеты
Gravity-free Среда без гравитации Пространство без действия гравитации
Environment
Geostationary Satellites Геостационарные Спутники, находящиеся над одной частью
спутники Земли
Polar Satellites Полярные спутники Спутники, движущиеся над полюсами
Земли
Remote Sensing Дистанционное Изучение Земли из космоса с помощью
зондирование спутников
Revolution Оборот Один полный оборот вокруг другого
объекта
Space Exploration Космическая эксплорация Изучение космоса с помощью науки и
технологий
Aviation Авиация Наука и практика полетов в воздухе
Gravity Гравитация Сила, притягивающая объекты друг к
другу
Natural Satellite Естественный спутник Космический объект, естественно
вращающийся вокруг планеты (например,
Луна)
Telecommunication Телекоммуникации Передача информации на большие
расстояния с помощью технологий
GPS (Global Positioning Глобальная система Система спутников, помогающая
System) позиционирования определить местоположение на Земле
Precise Navigation Точная навигация Точный метод определения маршрута до
места назначения
Space Observation Наблюдение за космосом Наблюдение и изучение космоса

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