Directions: Form a word from the scramble

letters as suggested of the background of

the slide

H E A E R R S C
R E S E A R C H
What does "research" mean to
you?
Can you give examples of research
you've encountered in your daily
life?
Why do you think research is
important in different fields ?
 What are the problems that
pose to our society at present?
Among these problems which
one concern to you the most?
How do think people can
solve this problem?
 Repeat, redo
RESEARCH

Search, look for

To repeat the search
Looking for something for another perspective
The word research is derived from the Latin word meaning
"to know"
It is data collection, documentation
of important information, analysis,
and interpretation of such data and
information in accordance with
appropriate procedures established
by particular professional domains
and academic disciplines
(https://www.hampshire.edu/what-research.
 RESEARCH
Research is a process of
gathering data or
information to solve a
particular or specific
problem in a scientific
manner. It employs well-
designed method to collect
the data and in the analysis
of the results.
 RESEARCH
Research is a tiresome,
thorough, yet challenging
undertaking. It bridges the gap
between theory and practice
while broadening the horizon
of one’s knowledge and
appreciation of facts.
 RESEARCH
Research is a purposive, systematic
and scientific process of gathering,
analyzing, organizing, presenting and
interpreting data for the solution of a
problem, for prediction, for invention,
for the discovery of truth, or for the
expansion or verification of existing
knowledge, all for the preservation
and improvement of the quality of life
1 Identifies and solves problems

2 Compares solutions and offers

better options
3
Hone students’ critical reading
and writing as well as
problem-solving skills.
4 Preserve and improve the
quality of life
 RESEARCH ORIENTED
QUALITIES OF
EFFICIENT
A GOOD
SYSTEMATIC
RESEARCHER
EFFECTIVE
ANALYTICAL
RESOURCEFUL
CURIOUS
HONEST
ECONOMICAL
RELIGIOUS
1. Topic as much as possible
be within your interest and
level of experiences.

2. Maximum of five members

in a research topic and a
minimum of three members.

3. The research paper should

be 10 to 15 pages including
references.

Page 06
IMRD will be used for the
research proposal

APA 7TH edition will be used in

documenting your research
paper

Font style is Arial, size 11

Page 06
Use double spacing of the text

Sources can be from print

media or broadcast media.

Submission of the Research

Proposal will be on Marc 28,
2025

Page 06
1 Identifies and solves problems

2 Compares solutions and offers

3
Technical
better options
Terms
Hone students’ critical reading

Used in Research
and writing as well as
problem-solving skills.
4 Preserve and improve the
quality of life
Purpose of the study
-Itdescribes what the
study will do or the goal of
the study.
Example:
This study sought to determine the
relationship of electronic gadgets to the study
habits of the Grade 7 students particularly in
English subject in the District of Sta. Cruz,
Division of Zambales, S.Y. 2024-2025.
Hypothesis
-It is a statement of
expectation or prediction that
will be tested by research.
Example:
There is no significant relationship
between the electronic gadgets to
the study habits of the students.
Literature Review
It summarizes prior
-

information and says

how your research is
linked to it.
Example:
Electronic gadgets have harmful effects on students in terms of its influence
to teach children immoral and illegal acts and its negative effects on students
who tend to become lazy and forget lessons and school activities because of
excessive use of electronic gadgets (Almandre, 2008).

Capinpin (2011) stated that the use of computers and video games may been
enjoyable or entertaining but spending too much time on them is a waste of
time. Instead of studying, many teenagers spend more hours on computer
and video games. They forget not only their studies but also their health
habits like taking a bath, eating meals on time and exercising. They may be
lying down awkwardly while watching or playing. These latest technologies
proliferate in every part of the world even in the remotest area of our country.
Example:
However, according to Dehmle (2009) access to internet through
varied gadgets enables a person to communicate freely and openly
in the international world through the computer.

In the study of Koivusitta and others (2007) he emphasized that

there is no doubt that modern technology has an effect on the study
habits of students today. The positive side of modern technology is
that it makes things easier for students to research for their
homework and projects. However, it is also right to mention that
technologies are also a major distraction for students.
Method
-It includes the techniques
or tools used for collection
of data or evidences
Example:
This study used a descriptive method of
research. Questionnaires and
unstructured interviews were used for
gathering important data for this study.
 Variable
-Itsimply refers to a person,
place, thing, or
phenomenon that you are
trying to measure in some
way.
Example:
Study habits.
 Population
-It refers to a comprehensive group
of individuals, institutions, objects
and so forth that have common
characteristics that are the interest of
a researcher.
Example : Grade 7 Students
Sample
-It refers to a specific group of people,
objects, or items that are taken from a
larger population for measurement.
Example:
The respondents of this study were 9
public secondary schools with total
number of 1200 Grade 7 students in the
District of Sta. Cruz, Division of
Zambales, S.Y. 2014-2015.
Statistical Analysis
-It is the science of collecting
data and uncovering and
interpreting patterns and
trends.
Example:
After the data were carefully
classified, tallied and tabulated
accordingly; mean, percentage and
Pearson’s Product Moment
Correlation as the statistical
measures were applied.
Findings
-It is the principal outcomes
of a research project; what
the project suggested,
revealed or indicated.
Example:
Students utilize at least 3 to 5 electronic gadgets such as cell
phones, laptops, mP3/mP4, webcam and the like. They
utilize each gadget for communication, games, music, to take
pictures, for finalizing projects and assignments.
There is a no significant relationship between the electronic
gadgets and its uses.
There is no significant relationship between the electronic
gadgets to the study habits of the students.
Recommendations
-Itis defined as a critical
suggestion regarding the best
course of action in a certain
situation.
Example:
Teach students to be more responsible in
handling these products of the advances
of technology. Conduct in-service trainings
for the school heads and teachers to
discuss the impacts of electronic gadgets
and its effect to learning.
 Bibliography
It is a list of works of authors
used in the research.
-References
Example:
Almandre, P. L. (2008). “The Impact of Electronic
Gadgets to Teens:Manila:Phoenix Publishing Inc.
Capinpin , E. T, (2011).” Study Habits Affected by Latest
Technology:Quezon City, FTD Educational
Laboratory Dehmle,K.M. (2009). Adolescent
Technology Usage,Sleep, and Academics

Source:
Research Glossary. (2020). Retrieved from https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/researchglossary
Arfapo, V.M. (2018). Relationship of Electronic Gadgets to the Study Habits of the Grade 7 Students in
Sta.Cruz Zambales. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR). Retrieved from
https://www.ijsr.net/archive/v8i9/ART20201172.pdf
Leaning Activity

Directions: Choose the word/phrase

from the box that describes the
technical term in each item. Write your
answers in a separate sheet of paper.
references entire group specific group interpreting data
prediction characteristics goal summary of prior
studies
suggestion technique for data collection discovered
information

1.Purpose of the study ______

2.Hypothesis _____________ 7. Sample ____________
3.Literature Review ________ 8. Statistical Analysis ____
4.Method ________________ 9. Findings _____________
5.Variable _______________ 10. Recommendations ____
6.Population _____________ 11. Bibliography _________
 goal
1.Purpose of the study ______
Prediction
2.Hypothesis _____________
Summary of previous study
3.Literature Review ________
technique for data collection
4.Method ________________
characteristics
5.Variable _______________
entire group
6.Population _____________
7. Sample ______ specific group
Interpreting data
8. Statistical Analysis _____________
9. Findings________ Discovered information
suggestion
10.Recommendations______________
references
11Bibliography_______________
 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN
RESEARCH
7. Sample ______
8. Statistical Analysis _____________
9. Literature Review ________
10 .Method ________________
11.Variable _______________
The goal of ethics in research is to ensure that no one is harmed or suffer
adverse consequences while following any stage of research including
individuals or groups, the research discipline or to society in general.
 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN
RESEARCH
7. Sample ______
8. Statistical Analysis _____________
9. Literature Review ________
10 .Method ________________
11.Variable _______________
The goal of ethics in research is to ensure that no one is harmed or suffer
adverse consequences while following any stage of research including
individuals or groups, the research discipline or to society in general.
 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN
RESEARCH
7. Sample ______
Voluntary
Potential for Harm
8. Statistical Analysis _____________
Participation
9. Literature Review ________

Informed Consent
10 .Method ________________ Data Integrity
11.Variable _______________
Anonymity and
Conflict of Interest
Confidentiality
 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN
RESEARCH
7. Sample ______
Voluntary
Potential for Harm
8. Statistical Analysis _____________
Participation
9. Literature Review ________

Informed Consent
10 .Method ________________ Data Integrity
11.Variable _______________
Anonymity and
Conflict of Interest
Confidentiality
 ANALYZE

7. Sample ______
Case Scenario : Analysis _____________
8. Statistical
“A Survey on the Prevalence of Bullying among Secondary
9. Literature Review ________
School Students.”
Question:
10 .Method ________________
1.Who should we obtain the consent? Students, parents,
11.Variable _______________
teachers or Department of Education? Why, support your
answer. What are the guidelines in informed consent
related to educational research?
 ANALYZE

7. Sample ______
Case Scenario : Analysis _____________
8. Statistical
“A Survey on the Prevalence of Bullying among Secondary
9. Literature Review ________
School Students.”
Question:
10 .Method ________________
2.If the results show that 50% of the students have ever
11.Variable _______________
been bullied, should I report them to the police? Who
should have access to the result of the study conducted
based on the ethical issues in research?
 ANALYZE

7. Sample ______
Case Scenario : Analysis _____________
8. Statistical
“A Survey on the Prevalence of Bullying among Secondary
9. Literature Review ________
School Students.”
10 .Method ________________
Question:
3. I have decided to publish it.
11.Variable _______________ What are the guidelines
in publishing a research related to ethical issues in
research?
RESEARCH DESIGN
 Introduction

Research Design
RESEARCH DESIGN

QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE

The main difference between quantitative

and qualitative research is the type of data
they collect and analyze.
RESEARCH DESIGN
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Formulate hypotheses Test hypotheses
Expressed in words Expressed in numbers
Smaller sample size Larger sample size
Summarize, categorize, Math/Statistical
interpret analysis
 RESEARCH DESIGN
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE

Participants Respondents
 Research Methods

Qualitative Methods
 Research Methods

Qualitative Research
- aims to produce rich and
detailed descriptions of the
phenomenon being studied, and
to uncover new insights and
meanings.
 Research design

Quantitative
 Research DE

Quantitative Methods
 Research Methods

Quantitative Research
The aim is to produce objective,
empirical data that can be measured and
expressed in numerical terms.
Quantitative research is often used to
test hypotheses, identify patterns, and
make predictions.
 Research Methods

Quantitative Research
collects numerical data and
analyzes it using statistical
methods
Qualitative research is more exploratory and focuses on understanding the subjective experiences of individuals, while
quantitative research is more focused on objective data and statistical analysis
Qualitative research is more exploratory and focuses on understanding the subjective experiences of individuals, while
quantitative research is more focused on objective data and statistical analysis
Directions: Write the word
TRUE if the statement is
correct and FALSE if the
statement is wrong.
1. Research is the systematic
process of collecting,
analyzing, and interpreting
information to answer
questions or solve problems.
2. The research process
typically begins with
identifying a research
problem or question.
3. Qualitative research
focuses on collecting
and analyzing numerical
data.
4. In qualitative research,
small sample sizes are
typically used to gain in-
depth insights into a
specific phenomenon.
5. Quantitative research
is more suitable for
testing hypotheses and
establishing causal
relationships.
6. Quantitative research
often involves open-
ended interviews,
observations, and
document analysis.
7. Both qualitative and
quantitative research
designs can be used at
the same time in a
research study.
 8-10 Give at least
three characteristics of
a good researcher.
 CHOOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC
Before you start the rigorous task of identifying the
research topic, several criteria should be borne in mind.
 CHOOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC
Before you start the rigorous task of identifying the research
topic, several criteria should be borne in mind.
Research
Abstracts Dissertations
and Journals and
Thesis

Possible
POSSIBLE
Sources of
SOURCES
Information
OF TOPICS
Writing a research paper
STEP
01 Selecting a Topic
-Topic suits the level of interest
-Topic that is within the level of
your experience
-Topic with enough information
-Topic that would suit the interest
of your audience
 STEP
02 Narrowing a Topic
What do you want to say about
•

the subject?
• Do not take notes by this time
other than to jot down possible
main ideas
 STEP
02 Narrowing a Topic
To narrow the topic, you need to read the
background information about it and ask
yourself of the following:
• Who are the important people involved?
• What are the major issues?
Where?
STEP
02 Narrowing a Topic
• What are my opinions regarding
the topic?
• Why is this an important
(controversial, interesting) subject?
• How has the problem (or issue)
developed? When? Where?
 FORMULATING A TITLE:
• Writing a research title (Title will inform your
audience what is your paper about)
• Indicate accurately the subject and scope of the
study.
• Use words that create a positive impression and
stimulate readers’ interest.
• Is limited to 10-15 substantive words
 FORMULATING A TITLE:
• Identify key variables, both dependent and independent
variable
• Do not include “study of”, “analysis of” or similar
construction (All research or papers are basically studying
and analyzing data to get what the researchers want to
know about the topic)
• Titles are usually in the form of a narrative tone, but can
also be in a form of question
• Use correct grammar and capitalization
 TWO TYPES OF RESEARCH
TITLES
1. Conventional Title – states the subject of the
research output and usually uses redundant
expressions.
• Example: An Investigation of the College Students’
Evaluation of Their ESL Teachers
 TWO TYPES OF RESEARCH
TITLES
2. Informative Title – highlights the main point of the
research output
Example:
College Students’ Evaluation of Their ESL Teachers
Echoes from College ESL Classes
Small Voices from College ESL Classes
A Portrait of College ESL Teachers
 Sample Research Title
Variable
independent dependent
variable variable

Factors Affecting the Study Habits of Grade

10 Students in One National High School in
Pangasinan, Philippines
Population Sample
 FORMULATING RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
Problem Statement is a clear and
concise statement that describes
the symptoms of the specific
issues that a researcher wishes to
investigate.
 FORMULATING RESEARCH
QUESTIONS

The problem itself, should

01 be clearly stated and with
sufficient contextual detail
to justify its importance.
 FORMULATING RESEARCH
QUESTIONS

The method of solving the

02 problem, often stated as a
claim or a working thesis.

03 The purpose, statement of

objective and scope of the
research should be clear.
 FORMULATING RESEARCH
QUESTIONS

The problem statement creates a

04 sense of ownership for the
researcher.

The problem statement focuses the

05
researcher on an accepted problem
and describes the symptoms in
 FORMULATING RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
• Research Topic: Social Media and the Relationship between
Parents and Their Children
• Primary Research Question:
What is the role of social media in establishing the relationship
between parents and their children?
• Specific Research Questions:
1. Which social media are used by both Filipino parents and their
children?
2. How do social media help establish a good relationship between
parents and their children?
 Your Task
▪ Choose two more person as your group
members.
▪ Decide the topic (narrowed one) you want to
research.
▪In ½ crosswise, prepare title and the
questions you will uncover in your research.
▪Pass it to your teacher for approval.
 STEP
03 Gathering information
Use the formulated questions you
made, to be your guide. (What are the
things you want to find out in your topic)

Note: Once your title and questions were approved that’s the
time you can begin your research. You will discover if the topic
has enough sources else you will change it if sources are
insufficient.
 What part of research
Q will be submitted?

A Research Proposal
Research Proposal Format
CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study (contains the
background information of your studies
and the review of related literature
RRL)
B. Statement of the Problem (contains
your research questions)
C. Theoretical support (What theory will
support your study?)
Research Proposal Format
CHAPTER II - METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design
B. Population and Sampling
C. Participants of the Study (Who will be your
respondents?)
D. Data Gathering Procedure (How will you gather
data? Conduct the survey? Distribute
questionnaire? Interview? Purely library
research?
E. Analysis of Data (After you gather all the data,
what will you do to interpret the data?

References
 STEP
04 Note Taking
❑ Read the materials thorough before
writing. Take notes only after you
have made up your mind what
information you need.
❑Do not copy sentences word for word.
Say the ideas in your own words, to
avoid plagiarism
What is Plagiarism
PLAGIARISM -As defined in the
online webster dictionary plagiarism
is to steal and pass off (the ideas or
words of another) as one's own. It
presents as new and original an idea
or product derived from an existing
source. This occurs when:
Plagiarism occurs
when:
-Verbatim (word for word)
quotation without clear
acknowledgement
Plagiarism occurs when:

-Cutting and pasting from

the Internet without clear
acknowledgement
Plagiarism occurs when:
- changing a few words' order
or closely following the
framework of their argument
and failed to properly
acknowledge source.
Plagiarism occurs when:
-Submitting paper which done
collaboratively (you recycle
the paper) without asking
permission from the other
members
How to avoid Plagiarism
As the students take down notes of the
information to be used in the
introduction/background of the study and
for the review of related literature the
following should be observed:
PARAPHRASING
QUOTING and;
SUMMARIZING
How to avoid Plagiarism
As the students take down notes of the
information to be used in the
introduction/background of the study and
for the review of related literature the
following should be observed:
PARAPHRASING
QUOTING and;
SUMMARIZING
PARAPHRASING
Paraphrasing is recreating
someone else's ideas into
your own words & thoughts,
without changing the original
meaning (Gahan, 2020).
Why PARAPHRASING?
1. It is (usually) shorter than the
original quotation.
2. It gives you control over the
content, allowing you to focus only
on the part of the original
statement that you feel is relevant
to your support.
Why PARAPHRASING?
3. It demonstrates to the reader
(your instructor) that you
understand what you have
read.
4. It is the preferred approach
to using sources in APA papers.
 Study the original text and compare it
with the different paraphrased version

Original Text
“Rapunzel had beautiful long hair that shone like
gold. When she heard the voice of the witch she
would undo the fastening of the upper window,
unbind the plaits of her hair, and let it down
twenty ells below, and the witch would climb up
by it.”
Grimm, J. and Grimm, W. (1995). Grimm’s fairy tales with illustrations by Jill Bauman. Stamford, Ct: Longmeadow press,
p. 94.
 Study this
Version 1
According to Grimm, when Rapunzel heard the
voice of the witch she would undo the fastening
of the upper window, unbind the plaits of her
hair, and let it down twenty ells below, and the
witch would climb up by it (1995, p. 94).

This sentence is plagiarized because it uses the exact words as

the original source without placing them in quotation brackets.
The texts in colored shows what was copied.
 Study this
Version 2
According to Grimm, when Rapunzel heard the
voice of the witch she would undo the fastening of
the upper window, unbind the plaits of her hair, and
let it down twenty ells below, and the witch would
climb up by it (1995, p. 94).

Plagiarized or not?
Plagiarized

This sentence is plagiarized because it uses the exact words as the

original source without placing them in quotation brackets. The texts in
colored shows what was copied.
 Study this
Version 3
According to Grimm, when Rapunzel heard the
witch, she undid the fastening of the window,
unbound the plaits of her beautiful long hair that
shone like gold, and let it down and the witch would
climb up it (1995, p. 94).

Plagiarized or not? Although this sentence is not directly copy and pasted out of
the book, it is still plagiarized. The colored texts shows the
many exact phrases, or very similar wording, from the original
Plagiarized source. Even though these phrases are in a different order or
missing a word here and there, the sentence is still too close
to the original.
 Proper Paraphrasing
According to Grimm, Rapunzel would open the
window and drop her hair for the witch to climb
up into the tower (1995, p. 94).
This paraphrase is not plagiarized because the author has
used her own words to convey the meaning of the original text
in a more concise way. As you can see, “undo the fastening of
the upper window” was changed to “Open the window” and
“unbind the plaits of her hair, and let it down” was changed to
“drop her hair.” The phrase “for the witch to climb up into the
tower” is similar to “ and the witch would climb by it,” but the
wording is different
 Proper Paraphrasing
The witch used Rapuzel’s hair
to climb up into the tower
(Grimm, 1995 p. 94).

This sentence is also properly paraphrased. The

action of Rapunzel undoing her braid and letting
down her hair has been removed. The emphasis of
this sentence is the witch climbing the tower
 Proper Paraphrasing
Rapunzel would obey the witch and drop
her long blonde hair out the window so the
witch could climb up into the tower
(Grimm, 1995 p. 94).

This sentence is properly paraphrased.

The emphasis of this sentence is on
Rapunzel’s actions.
 To check the correctness of
the paraphrase:
1. Is the meaning the same as that of the
original source?
2. Is the structure different from the original
source?
3. Is the length of the paraphrase the same
or almost the same as the original?
4. Does the paraphrase indicate the
source?
QUOTING
❑ a quote is person’s exact words and
ideas which you put into your own
text
❑ You indicate this inclusion by
enclosing the words of the source
author in quotation mark s (" " ), and
you follow the quotation with an in-
text citation.
WHY QUOTE?
❑The text should strongly support your
idea, which means that it comes from
the authority in the field.
❑You are lifting the exact words because
the statement or text may have been
worded so well that paraphrasing may
not be able to capture the meaning.
Example
❑ Crowe et al. (1997) explain that “many
people resist new knowledge that does
not conform to existing schemata….”
(p.149).

❑“Many people resist new knowledge that

does not conform to existing schemata….”
(Crowe et al., 1997, p.149).
Summarizing
❑ A summary is a short version of the
original text unlike a paraphrase. A good
summary provides the major points, it
does not just announce what the article or
text is all about. You also have to indicate
the source of your summary.
Summarizing
❑ A summary may focus on certain sections
of an article such as the introduction,
methodology, results, conclusions, or
recommendations. It does not have to be
a summary of the whole research article.
Is quoting, paraphrasing or
summarizing enough?
Citing/Documenting
Resources
What does citing a source
mean?
▪Citing or documenting
information sources is
an important part of the
research process.
What does citing a source mean?
•give credit for the original
source of information, an idea, or
way of articulating an idea

• It is a standardized method of
acknowledging resources used
in your research.
 IN-TEXT CITATIONS IN APA
FORMAT
1. NARRATIVE CITATION
• The author’s name appears in the
sentence and not in parentheses.
Example:
Pollard (2008) stated that speaking is
one of the most difficult aspects for
students to master.
 IN-TEXT CITATIONS IN APA
FORMAT
2. PARENTHETICAL CITATION
▪ Include the author/s and the date
of publication within parentheses.
▪ Can appear within or at the end of
a sentence.
 IN-TEXT CITATIONS IN APA
FORMAT
Example of parenthetical citation

Speaking is one of the most difficult

aspects for students to master
(Pollard, 2008).
Practice
Change the following to either narrative or
parenthetical citation:

1. Sari (2018) found that students’ self-efficacy and

performance in speaking skills have a significant
correlation.

2. Self-efficacy is considered one of the strongest

predictors of a student’s academic performance
(Klomegah, 2007).
Your Task
❑ In the assigned group by your
teacher, paraphrase the assigned
item on the worksheet given.
❑ As you paraphrase don’t forget to
cite the source properly.
❑ Be sure to write the names of the
members at the back of the
worksheet.
 STEP
05 Preparing the Outline
❑ Organize your notes in a
systematic manner. An outline will
help you to do this. Go over to your
notes and determine the main
points of your research paper and
the minor point.
 STEP
05 Preparing the Outline
❑ -In your Chapter I, which is your
introduction, provide background
information about your topic
(Presentation of the problem,
existence of an unsatisfactory
condition, rationale of the study,
historical background)
 STEP
05 Preparing the Outline
❑ -Discuss the subtopics or the points
that would answer to the questions
you had formulated stated in the
statement of the problem (SOP) by
incorporating the past studies which
are relevant to your research
 STEP
06 Writing the Draft
❑ -Use your outline and let it serve as
your guide. Remember to cite your
sources using the APA style. Also,
introduce and explain the direct
quotation, paraphrase, or summary that
you have incorporated in the
discussions. All the cited sources must
be reflected in the references.
 STEP
07 Documenting Research Paper

➢For every in-text citation in

your paper, there must be a
corresponding entry in your
reference list.
 STEP
07
Documenting Research
Paper
➢In-text citations help readers
locate the cited source in the
References section of the paper.
 STEP
07 Documenting Research Paper
➢ In-text citations help readers locate the cited source in
the References section of the paper.
➢ Whenever you use a source, provide in parenthesis:
• the author’s name and the date of publication
• for quotations and close paraphrases, provide the
author’s name, date of publication, and a page number
How to Document using APA

APA Stands for American

Psychological Association
 Preparing References using APA 7 th

edition format
Basic Rule
1. The reference list is arranged in alphabetical
order of the authors’ last names.

2. If there is more than one work by the same

author, order them by publication date – oldest
to newest (therefore a 2004 publication would
appear before a 2008 publication).
3. If there is no author the title moves to that position
and the entry is alphabetized by the first significant
word, excluding words such as “A” or “The”. If the
title is long, it may be shortened when citing in text.

4. Use “&” instead of “and” when listing multiple

authors of a source.

5. The first line of the reference list entry is left-hand

justified, while all subsequent lines are consistently
indented.
6. Capitalize only the first word of the title and of the
subtitle, if there is one, plus any proper names – i. e.
only those words that would normally be capitalized.

7.Italicize the title of the book, the title of the

journal/serial and the title of the web document.

8. Do not create separate lists for each type of information

source. Books, articles, web documents, brochures, etc.
are all arranged alphabetically on one list. When creating
the reference list entry for an information source you need
to identify and record specific details.
 STEP
08 Preparing the Final Copy/publishing
➢Typed, double spaced; do not use extra
spaces between paragraphs; 8.5 X 11
paper
➢1” margins all around
➢Arial 11 point font
➢Left justified
➢Submit only research Proposal
 DISH-ENGLISH
GRADE 10

structure of
research
papers

Refer to your module

week 5
Standard Research Paper Structure
ABSTRACT
It consists of at least 150 words about
the purpose of the study, research
questions or suggestion, and main
findings of the study
OUTLINE
Organize the map of the study
Research Paper Structure
INTRODUCTION
Provide the main information about
the topic/problem, the indication of
the methodology, important findings,
and principal conclusion.
Review of Related Literature
Analyze and incorporate scholarly
sources from the past studies
Research Paper Structure
Methodology or Materials and Methods
Provide the main information about
the topic/problem, the indication of
the methodology, important findings,
and principal conclusion.
Results
Present and illustrate the obtained
findings.
Research Paper Structure
Discussion
Review the information from the
introduction part, evaluate their
gained result or compare it with past
studies.
Recommendations
Propose potential solutions or new
ideas based on the obtained results.
Research Paper Structure
Limitations
Consider the weakness of the research
and results to get the new directions.

Conclusion
Provide final thoughts and a summary
of the whole work.
Research Paper Structure
Acknowledgment or Appendix
Include additional information on the
research paper if it is necessary.

References
Provide and cite all used sources in
the study.
 SHORTER
I Introduction
VERSION
M Methodology

R Results

D Discussion
 Descriptive information that What are the answers to the
Title, Author, lets readers search for an questions?
Abstract,
Results These are often shown in tables
article.
Keywords and graphs.

What is the context for this project?

How does it fit in with other
Introduction research on the topic?
What are the research questions? What is the significance of this
project?
Discussion How does it is fit in with what is
/Conclusion is known about the topic

What did the author do to answer

Methods the research question?

References Materials cited by the author

when writing the paper.