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Lab # 7 Subqueries & Views

This document outlines Lab No. 7, focusing on the study and implementation of subqueries and views in SQL. It explains the concepts of subqueries, their types, and how to create and update views, including the conditions under which views can be updated. Additionally, it provides a lab practice assignment with specific queries related to a given schema involving sailors, boats, and reservations.

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6 views

Lab # 7 Subqueries & Views

This document outlines Lab No. 7, focusing on the study and implementation of subqueries and views in SQL. It explains the concepts of subqueries, their types, and how to create and update views, including the conditions under which views can be updated. Additionally, it provides a lab practice assignment with specific queries related to a given schema involving sailors, boats, and reservations.

Uploaded by

azafeer369
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab No: 7

Title: Study & Implementation of


 Sub queries
 Views

Objective:
– To perform nested Queries and joining Queries using DML command

– To understand the implementation of views.

Theory:
SUBQUERIES: The query within another is known as a sub query. A statement
containing sub query is called parent statement. The rows returned by sub query are
used by the parent statement or in other words A subquery is a SELECT statement that is
embedded in a clause of another SELECT statement
You can place the subquery in a number of SQL clauses:
 WHERE clause
 HAVING clause
 FROM clause
 OPERATORS( IN.ANY,ALL,<,>,>=,<= etc..)

Types
1. Sub queries that return several values
Sub queries can also return more than one value. Such results should be made use
along with the operators in and any.
2. Multiple queries
Here more than one sub query is used. These multiple sub queries are combined by
means of ‘and’ & ‘or’ keywords.
3. Correlated sub query
A sub query is evaluated once for the entire parent statement whereas a correlated
Sub query is evaluated once per row processed by the parent statement.

1
VIEW: In SQL, a view is a virtual table based on the result-set of an SQL statement.
A view contains rows and columns, just like a real table. The fields in a view are
fields from one or more real tables in the database.
You can add SQL functions, WHERE, and JOIN statements to a view and present the data as
if the data were coming from one single table.
A view is a virtual table, which consists of a set of columns from one or more tables. It is
similar to a table but it does not store in the database. View is a query stored as an object.

Syntax: CREATE VIEW <view_name> AS SELECT <set of


fields> FROM relation_name WHERE (Condition)
Example:
SQL> CREATE VIEW employee AS SELECT empno,ename,job FROM EMP
WHERE job = ‘clerk’;
SQL> View created.

Example:

CREATE VIEW [Current Product List] AS


SELECT ProductID, ProductName
FROM Products
WHERE Discontinued=No;

A view can be updated if it meets these conditions:

1. Based on a single table


2. No aggregate functions (e.g., SUM(), COUNT(), AVG())
3. No GROUP BY or HAVING
4. No DISTINCT
5. No joins
6. No subqueries in SELECT or WHERE
7. No computed or derived columns
8. No UNION or UNION ALL
9. All NOT NULL columns in the base table must be present in the view

UPDATING A VIEW : A view can updated by using the following syntax :

Syntax:
Update view_name set column_name=value where condition;
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Syntax : CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW view_name AS
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition

DROPPING A VIEW: A view can deleted with the DROP VIEW command.

Syntax: DROP VIEW <view_name> ;

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LAB PRACTICE ASSIGNMENT:

Consider the following schema:


Sailors (sid, sname, rating,
age) Boats (bid, bname, color)
Reserves (sid, bid, day(date))
Write subquery statement for the following queries.

1. Find all information of sailors who have reserved boat number 101.
2. Find the name of boat reserved by Bob.
3. Find the names of sailors who have reserved a red boat, and list in the order of age.
4. Find the names of sailors who have reserved at least one boat.
5. Find the ids and names of sailors who have reserved two different boats on the same
day.
6. Find the ids of sailors who have reserved a red boat or a green boat.
7. Find the name and the age of the youngest sailor.
8. Count the number of different sailor names.
9. Find the average age of sailors for each rating level.
10. Find the average age of sailors for each rating level that has at least two sailors.

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