Main Components of CPR (C – A – B)

- Compressions
- Airway
- Breathing
High-Quality CPR:
- Start compressions within 10 seconds of
recognition of cardiac arrest
- Chest compression rate of 100 – 120 per minute
- Compression depth of 2 – 2.4 in. (5-6 cm.) for
!
adults and children
Steps for Performing CPR for Adults
- Compression depth of 1.5 in. (4 cm.) for infants
- Minimize interruptions in compressions
- Do not over-ventilate the victim
- Breathing rate is every 5 – 6 seconds (10 – 12
breaths per minute)
- Allow complete chest recoil after each
compression
- Do not lean on chest wall between
compressions

Adult Chain of Survival – IHCA (In-Hospital

Cardiac Arrest)

!
! BLS / CPR FOR CHILDREN
Adult Chain of Survival – OHCA (Out-of-
Hospital Cardiac Arrest) One-Rescuer BLS Steps for Children

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!
Pediatric Chain of Survival Two-Rescuer BLS Steps for Children

BLS FOR ADULTS

One-Rescuer BLS Steps for Adults

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Two-Rescuer BLS Steps for Adults
Steps for Performing CPR for Children

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BLS ALGORITHMS
BLS / CPR FOR
INFANTS

One-Rescuer BLS Steps for

Infants

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Two-Rescuer BLS Steps for
Infants

!
Steps for Performing CPR
for Infants
 1.) Which of the following describes the
proper sequences of BLS?
A.) Pulse check, rescue breath, compression
B.) Airway, breathing, compression
C.) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
D.) C - A – B

2.) The pulse assessed in an adult cardiac

arrest victim is called the ______ pulse?
A.) Groin
B.) Radial
C.) Carotid
D.) Temporal

3.) Choose the proper order of the Adult Chain

of Survival:
A.) Recognition, Call EMS, Advanced Life
Support, Defibrillate, Post-Cardiac Arrest Care
B.) Recognition, Early CPR, Defibrillate,
Advanced Life Support, Post-Cardiac Arrest Care
C.) CPR, Recognition, Call EMS, Defibrillate,
Advanced Life Support
D.) Recognition, Defibrillation, CPR, Call EMS,
Advanced Life Support

! 4.) True/False: Most rescuers describe child

cardiac arrest situations as more stressful
than adult cases.
A.)True
B.)False

5.) You find an unresponsive victim without a

pulse. You do not have a mask. What is the
next step for an untrained lay responder?
A.) Go call 911
B.) Wait until EMS arrives
C.) Begin CPR and perform mouth-to-mouth
D.) Use your shirt over their mouth as a barrier

6.) What is the correct compression-to-

ventilation ratio for Two-Rescuer Infant BLS?
A.) 30:2
B.) 30:1
C.) 15:2
D.) 15:1

7.) You attempt to deliver a breath through a

mask but it does not go in. What is the next
step?
A.) Hyperextend the neck
B.) Blow harder
C.) Discard mask and use mouth-to-mouth
D.) Reposition the airway
!
8.) You are treating an adult choking victim.
They initially can cough, but now are grasping
their throat and turning blue. What is the next 1.) In One-Rescuer BLS, when should you call
step? 911 and get an AED after finding an
A.) Heimlich Maneuver unresponsive victim?
B.) Begin CPR A. Before finding a victim
C.) Rescue breathing B. After determining unresponsiveness and using
D.) Check pulse mobile device
C. After 10 cycles of CPR and ROSC
D. After opening the airway and looking for a
Answers: foreign body
1.) D
2.) C 2.) What is the proper compression—to—
3.) B ventilation ratio in Single—Rescuer Adult
4.) A CPR?
5.) C A. 15:2
6.) C B. 15:1
7.) D C. 30:2
8.) A D. 30:1

3.) The pulse assessed in an adult cardiac

arrest victim is called the ______ pulse?
A. Carotid
B. Radial
C. Temporal
D. Groin

4.) Assume a six-month-old child that has

been ill and does not appear to be breathing
has a pulse. You open the airway and began
rescue breathing. What is the correct rate?
A. 8 - 10 per minute
B. 30 - 40 per minute
C. Every 8 seconds
D. 12 - 20 per minute

5.) You come upon an unresponsive person.

You are unsure if you can feel a pulse. What is
the next step?
A. Give two rescue breaths
B. Have a bystander check again
C. Begin CPR
D. Check in a different location

6.) Choose the proper order of the Adult Chain

of Survival:
A. Recognition, Early CPR, Defibrillate, Advanced
Life Support, Post-Cardiac Arrest Care
B. CPR, Recognition, Call EMS, Defibrillate,
Advanced Life Support
C. Recognition, Defibrillation, CPR, Call EMS,
Advanced Life Support
D. Recognition, Call EMS, Advanced Life Support,
Defibrillate, Post-Cardiac Arrest Care

7.) For the purposes of BLS, below what age is

considered an infant?
A. 2 years
B. 6 months
C. 1 year
D. 3 years

8.) You are caring for an infant found in a

bathtub. Which of the following are true
regarding AED use?
A. Use only if infant weighs > 10kg
B. Always use adult pads
C. Cannot be used
D. Dry chest before use

9.) During BLS assessment, you note an

infant's pulse is 40. What is the next step?
A. Call 911
B. Chest compressions
C. Deliver two breaths
D. Monitor victim

10.) Which of the following describes the

proper sequences of BLS?
A. C - A - B
B. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
C. Pulse check, rescue breath, compression
D. Airway, breathing, compression

ANSWERS
1.) B
2.) C
3.) A
4.) D
5.) C
6.) A
7.) C
8.) D
9.) B
10.) A
 1. What is the recommended BLS sequence for the 2015 AHA guidelines?*

Airway, Breathing, Check Pulse

Compressions, Airway, Breathing

Airway, Breathing, Compressions

Airway, Check Pulse, Breathing

The AHA’s updated 2015 guidelines expand on many of the

recommendations made in 2010 and continue to focus on high-quality chest
compressions as the intervention is most likely to improve resuscitation
outcomes.

2. What ventilation rate should be used when CPR has been used to bring
back a person’s pulse yet they are not breathing?*

6-8 breaths per minute

10-12 breaths per minute

18-20 breaths per minute

Depends on his color

Most experts recommend a ventilation rate of 10-12 breaths per minute for
adults.

3. BLS considers an infant to be the following age:*

Under one year

2 years

3 years

4 years

For BLS definitions, an infant is under one year of age. A child is 1 year of
age to 8 years of age. The BLS algorithms place children over eight years of age
into the adult category.
 4. Which step is NOT a part of the five steps in the Adult Chain of Survival?
*

Early CPR

Rapid defibrillation

Use of cardiovascular medications

Integrated post-cardiac arrest care

5 steps in the Adult Chain of Survival are: 1: Recognize symptoms and

activate EMS 2: Perform early CPR 3: Defibrillate with AED (Automated External
Defibrillator) 4: Advanced Life Support 5: Post-cardiac arrest care

5. How would you use the AED if you had a 49-year-old female suffers a
witnessed cardiac arrest, has a history of cardiac issues and you notice a healed
incision covering a bulge that is under her skin in the upper left side of her
chest?*

AED cannot be used in this person.

You should put a magnet over the bulge before using the AED.

You should place pads over the bulge.

You should avoid placing pads over the bulge.

This person has either a pacemaker or an automated implantable

cardioverted-defibrillator (AICD). Avoid placing AED pads directly over these
devices.

6. What do you do after immediately after delivering a shock to a person

with the AED?*

Reassess for a pulse.

Do chest compressions only.

Resume CPR.

Do ventilation only.
 After delivery of a shock, two minutes of high-quality CPR is performed. Do
not perform a rhythm or pulse check at this point.

7. Before seeking assistance in single-rescuer scenarios ventilations are

delivered to a pediatric arrest person for this reason:*

911 response times are generally slow.

The parents are often nearby.

Most pediatric cardiac arrests are due to respiratory arrest.

The use of an AED is contraindicated in pediatrics.

Respiratory arrest is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children.

Restoration of oxygen delivery can be life-saving and prevent a cardiac arrest.

8. A 21-year-old intoxicated college student turns blue and appears to be

struggling to breath while eating a hot dog at a bar. You are concerned that this
student may have choked. What is the best method to clear the obstruction from
the airway?*

Start CPR

Abdominal thrust (Heimlich maneuver)

Back blow/ chest thrust

Blind finger sweep

Abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) is the preferred method for

unresponsive choking persons over the age of one year.

9. Check for danger, ____________, and send for help are the first three
steps you should take when alone to stabilize a person who appears to be having
a cardiac or respiratory arrest.*

Establish IV access

Insert an advanced airway

Check for response

Start CPR
 Check for response. Shake the person and talk to them loudly. Check to
see if the person is breathing. (Agonal breathing, which is occasional gasping
and is ineffective, does not count as breathing.)

10. What are the correct steps for AED operation?*

Power on the AED, attach electrode pads, shock the person, and analyze the
rhythm.

Power on the AED, attach electrode pads, analyze the rhythm, and shock
the person.

Power on the AED, analyze the rhythm, attach electrode pads, and shock the
person.

Power on the AED, shock the person, attach electrode pads, and analyze the
rhythm.

Power on the AED, attach electrode pads, analyze the rhythm, and shock
the person. In a witnessed cardiac arrest, where the person is observed to
suddenly collapse, the most common cause is likely to be ventricular fibrillation
and a defibrillator should analyze the person as soon as possible.