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Chapter 10: Control II - Procedures and Environments

TRUE/FALSE

1. Procedures were first introduced when memory was scarce, as a way of splitting a program into
small, separately compiled pieces.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 444

2. An activation record is a stored log recording each time a procedure or function is activated.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 445

3. A procedure specification includes its name, the names and types of its formal parameters and its
return type, if any.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 445

4. You call a procedure by stating its name, together with arguments to the call.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 445

5. A procedure is a mechanism for abstracting a group of actions or computations.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 445

6. A call to a procedure transfers control to the beginning of the body of the called procedure.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 446

7. A procedure declaration creates a constant procedure value and associates a symbolic name with
that value.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 447

8. An activation of a block cannot communicate with the rest of the program.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 449

9. Another name for activation record is stack record.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 448

10. When you define a procedure, the parameters you list in the interface are the formal parameters.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 450

11. When parameters are passed by value, the arguments are expressions that are evaluated at the time
of the call, with the arguments’ values becoming the values of the parameters during the execution
of the procedure.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 451

12. In C and Java, parameters passed by value behave as local variables of the procedure.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 452

13. Pass by value implies that changes cannot occur outside the procedure through the use of
parameters.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 452

14. Pass by value is the default mechanism in C++ and Pascal.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 452

15. If a pointer is passed by value, the procedure cannot modify the contents of the pointer.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 452

16. Pass by reference is also known as copy-restore.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 454

17. Pass by value-result is also known as copy-in, copy-out.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 454

18. Pass by name can be described as an advanced inlining process for procedures.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 455

19. Pass by name is included in all Algol60 descendants.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 455

20. In pass by name parameter passing, arguments are not evaluated until their actual use as
parameters in the procedure.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 455

21. In Ada, parameters can be declared as in or out, but not both.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 458

22. In strongly typed languages, procedure calls must be checked so that the arguments agree in type
and number with the parameters of the procedure.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 459

23. Recursion is allowed in Fortran77.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 459

24. Reference counting is a lazy method of storage reclamation.

 ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 475

25. Mark and sweep is a lazy method of storage reclamation.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 476

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A ____ is a mechanism in programming for abstracting a group of actions or computations.

a. statement c. block
b. procedure d. method
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 445

2. The group of actions in a procedure is called the ____ of the procedure.

a. parameters c. activation record
b. arguments d. body
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 445

3. A procedure is defined by providing a(n) ____ and a body.

a. name c. activation record
b. interface d. error handler
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 445

4. ____ are used to revert control back to a method caller.

a. Return-statements c. Control-statements
b. Revert-statements d. Redirect-statements
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 446

5. A procedure communicates with the rest of the program through its parameters and through ____.
a. constants c. nonlocal references
b. functions d. overloaded variables
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 447

6. The ____ determines the allocation of memory.

a. stack c. memory manager
b. environment d. translator
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 447

7. The ____ is the memory allocated for the local objects of a procedure block.
a. call record c. activation heap
b. activation record d. heap record
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 448

8. The ____ environment houses global variables.

a. calling c. defining
b. dynamic d. universal
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 449
 9. Variables declared in the calling method are said to be in the ____ environment.
a. calling c. static
b. defining d. stack
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 449

10. A procedure communicates with its calling environment through ____.

a. parameters c. constants
b. local variables d. shared memory
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 450

11. ____ are known as actual parameters.

a. Arguments c. Control statements
b. Global variables d. Normal parameters
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 450

12. A procedure with no nonlocal dependencies is considered to be in ____ form.

a. independent c. control
b. closed d. structured
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 450

13. If a parameter behaves as a constant value during execution, the parameter is passed ___.
a. by address c. by type
b. by reference d. by value
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 451

14. If the parameter becomes an alias for the argument, the parameter is passed ____.
a. by reference c. by value
b. by address d. by type
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 452

15. Pass ____ copies in the parameter value, and at the end of execution, copies out the final value of
the parameter.
a. by value c. by value-result
b. by reference d. by address
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 454

16. Historically, the interpretation of pass by name arguments as functions to be evaluated was
expressed by referring to them as ____.
a. chunks c. thunks
b. objects d. expressions
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 456

17. In a(n) ____ environment, all memory allocation can be performed at load time, and the location of
all variables are fixed for the duration of program execution.
a. dynamic c. global
b. universal d. fully static
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 459
18. The ____ maintains the location of the current activation record.
a. environment pointer c. stack pointer
b. activation pointer d. stack register
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 462

19. The pointer to the previous activation record is the ____ link.
a. reverse c. control
b. history d. return
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 462

20. The local variable ____ stores the distance from the environment pointer.
a. distance c. offset
b. locator d. pointer
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 464

21. The access link provides access to ____.

a. local variables c. parameters
b. nonlocal variables d. imported variables
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 467

22. ____ occurs when multiple access links must be followed to arrive at a nonlocal variable.
a. Access chaining c. Environmental linking
b. Lexical chaining d. Global linking
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 468

23. In a(n) ____ environment, activation records are not removed as long as there are references to any
of its local objects.
a. closed c. type safe
b. fully dynamic d. fully static
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 472

24. The process of joining a block of free memory with immediately adjacent blocks to form a larger
contiguous block of free memory is called ____.
a. consolidation c. reference counting
b. defragmenting d. coalescing
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 474

25. Reference counting is a form of ____.

a. tracking parameter use
b. reclamation of storage that is no longer referenced
c. allocating memory
d. accessing nonlocal variables
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 475
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
a net. In the meantime, stop this farce as soon as possible. I have a
word or two to say to another personage:--Good father, I would fain
speak with you," she continued aloud, addressing Walter de la
Tremblade, "either before or after mass."

"Which you please, daughter," replied Walter de la Tremblade;

"we have still half an hour."

"That will be enough," answered the Marchioness, rising: "and so,

good-day, good brother Michael. Like all fools who meddle with what
does not concern them, you will one day rue the mischief that you
have now made."

"Never, Jacqueline," replied the Commander. "I am not so famous

for scheming as you are; but, be you sure that, whatever you may
be now plotting, I will find means to put it out of joint with plain
honesty and truth, as I have done to-day. Farewell, brother
Anthony," he continued; "let us not part bad friends; for what I have
done, has been as much to save your honour as anything else."

He held out his hand as he spoke; but the Count put his behind
his back, saying, "My honour can take care of itself, Michael; and I
do not thank you for this insolent meddling."

"Poor man," said the Commander; and, turning abruptly away, he

strode out of the hall, followed by Estoc.

CHAPTER XV.
 There are dull pauses in human life when the mind, however
anxious it may be to speed forward upon its active career, is forced
by circumstances to halt and deal with minor things; as a traveller
on foot, however eager he may be to hasten forward upon his way,
is sometimes obliged to stop and take a small stone out of his shoe,
lest it should impede the whole after part of his journey: and thus,
though we would willingly go on with those in whom we are more
interested, we must linger for a moment or two with the priest and
Madame de Chazeul, in order to proceed more rapidly when we have
related some things which, though not very entertaining, are
absolutely necessary to the right understanding of this history.

The lady led the way to her own chamber, with a step she
intended to be perfectly calm and tranquil, but which, by its
occasional irregularity and sharp jerking movement, betrayed the
agitated and angry feelings which she struggled to conceal. The
priest followed, with his still, even pace, his large dark eyes as usual
bent down, and not a trace of any emotion upon his countenance.
He seemed, indeed, like a moving statue, to the countenance of
which the sculptor had successfully endeavoured to give an
expression of great thought, of mind, and equanimity, but not of
feeling or emotion.

When they reached the lady's chamber, the Marchioness de

Chazeul took a seat, and pointed to another, with a somewhat
haughty wave of the hand; but father Walter sat down deliberately,
and crossing one foot over the other, remained in an easy attitude
waiting for Madame de Chazeul to begin, as if totally unconscious
that there were any angry feelings in her bosom towards himself. He
made no inquiry, even by a look, in regard to the nature of the
communication which he was about to receive, but calmly bent his
head a little forward as if to listen, and waited for her to begin.

"Well, Monsieur de la Tremblade," said the lady at length, "so you

have thought fit to commence this system of sweet candour towards
Monsieur de Montigni, and to tell him that he has a right to the
estates."

"I always advocated candour, Madam," replied the priest; "and if

my advice had been followed, and the exact state of the case had
been told him in Italy, with a request that he would remove all
obstacles, he would have remained where he was, and you would
not have been in such an unpleasant situation at present."

"And therefore, I suppose, because people judged differently from

yourself," said the Marchioness, "you thought fit to spoil their plans,
when yours were not adopted."

"Not exactly," answered father Walter, perfectly unmoved; "I only

acted as was right and fitting on the occasion, I betrayed no secrets,
lady; I gave no further information than was merely necessary to
induce this young gentleman to do what was required of him. The
very act of renunciation itself bore upon its face, the
acknowledgment that he had rights; and I did not in any degree
define them, but merely said, that it was necessary he should sign
the papers, to guard against any legal contest hereafter."

"Pshaw!" cried Madame de Chazeul; "do you think I do not see

your motives, Walter de la Tremblade? You would fain have so
managed, that the greater part of the benefices, if not the whole,
should fall into your hands. You were not content with the Abbey of
Chizay--not you! You must have more: and now a fine business you
have made of it, for you have lost all to yourself and to us too."

The slightest possible glow passed over the cheek of Walter de la

Tremblade; but he replied, without the least alteration of tone, "You
are wrong in your suspicions, daughter; and they are unworthy of
you or me."

"Quite worthy of me," replied the Marchioness, "for I like to see to

the bottom of men's hearts. Now, I will answer for it, you persuaded
him that it was very improper for laymen to hold the property of the
church; you showed him, that he could not conscientiously keep
these benefices, if he got them, without taking the gown. Ha! have I
touched you? can you deny it, Sir?"

"Entirely," replied father Walter. "He stated such objections

himself; and it was not for me to argue against my conscience. I told
him, however, that it was a constant practice in France for men, not
ecclesiastics, to hold such benefices. The objections were his, not
mine, though how you came to learn they were ever made, I know
not, as his conduct turned upon very different feelings."

"How I came to learn!" exclaimed the Marchioness, with a

scornful smile; "because I know you both right well--by no other
means, good father. Oh! I understand the whole. Think you I have
lived for fifty years, with my eyes open, in this busy world, and do
not know how a calm, quiet priest, by a few soft, half-whispered
words, can instil doubts, and insinuate his own views into the mind
of a weak-hearted youth; how by a look, or even a faint denial of
that which he seeks most strongly to impress, he can produce the
effect desired, when seeming to oppose it."

"Madam, you are very learned in such arts," replied father Walter,
with a slight sarcastic curl of the lip.

"I am," answered the Marchioness, boldly, "and I know that father
Walter can make use of them as well as others. But there is such a
thing as overreaching one's self, Sir; and methinks you have done so
in this instance."

"Not in the least, daughter," replied the Priest. "I am quite

contented, if you are."

"But I am not!" cried the Marchioness, vehemently, "and I will

have no more of this. You think the game is lost; and, therefore,
with the cunning of your cloth, you bear it tranquilly. I know that it is
not so hopeless as you imagine; and for that reason I take the
trouble of telling you, that if I recover the false steps taken, I will
not be frustrated by you."

She spoke angrily and haughtily; and then, as if feeling that she
had given too much way to passion, she rose, went to the window,
gazed out for a moment, and played with the embroidery on her
dress. Father Walter in the meanwhile remained calm and silent: not
that thought--ay, and even passion, were less busy in his own bosom
than in hers; but he was more habituated to command his own
sensations, and to keep them, like those undercurrents of the sea
which carry ships far astray without producing a ripple on the
surface, from showing, by any outward sign, the course in which
they were bent.

At length, the Marchioness returned, with a smoother brow and

more placable look. "Come, father Walter," she said, "we must not
quarrel; we are needful to each other. Let us act together, and,
depend upon it, the interests of both will be better served by so
doing, than if each pursued a course apart."

"I deny that I have ever acted otherwise, daughter," replied the
Priest. "I am glad to hear you have hopes of retrieving what has
gone wrong; and I will aid you to the very utmost of my power, not
only to wrest from Monsieur de Montigni the estates of Liancourt,
but also to unite Mademoiselle d'Albret to your son. There are a few
things that I would not undertake to accomplish this; but not from
the motives you imagine,--from very, very different reasons."

"What may they be?" inquired the Marchioness; "if you promote
my views, boldly and unhesitatingly, and I can aid yours, I will,
without scruple. What may they be, good father?"

"Listen, then, daughter," replied the Priest. "To an ecclesiastic of

the Holy Roman Catholic Church, there are objects far higher, far
nearer to his heart than any interests of his own. Indeed, rightly
speaking, we should have no interest but one, though human
weakness will occasionally have its share. When we enter into that
body to which I belong, we lose our identity, we become but part of
a great whole, we merge all our own passions, hopes, wishes,
desires, all our personal feelings and views, in those of the church,
and for her interests, as the highest object at which we can aim, we
are justified in taking means, and performing acts, which we should
consider culpable, were they undertaken for any individual end."

"Well, father," said the Marchioness, as he paused, "to what does

this tend?"

"To a very important point, daughter," replied the Priest. "This

young man, this De Montigni, boldly and straightforwardly
acknowledges the heretic, Henry de Bourbon, as King of France. 'Tis
but the day before yesterday, that, for the deliverance of the heretic
named Chasseron, a man who, I hear, made himself bitterly
obnoxious during what is called the Lover's War, he charged and put
to death several good Catholics of the League. One of them was
brought in here severely wounded, and I confessed him last night
before his death. The youth is, even now, gone to join his heretic
monarch, excommunicated by the head of the Christian church, and
deprived by him of all right and title to the allegiance of any but
heretics like himself. Think you, lady, that a priest of the true religion
would willingly see estates and power in the hands of such a one?
No, daughter, no; and I believe that any scheme would be justifiable
to deprive him of the means of injuring the church, of upholding
heretics and infidels, and of overthrowing all true religion in this
realm. It is with great difficulty I have kept your brother--whose
wavering weakness in such things I need not tell you--from
acknowledging Henry of Bourbon; and, if his heir goes over to that
side, all my pains are lost. It has been for these causes that I have
joined heart and hand in endeavouring to bring about the marriage
between Mademoiselle d'Albret and Monsieur de Chazeul, one of the
brightest ornaments of the Holy Catholic Union; and you have done
me great wrong in supposing that any private interest, whatsoever,
would induce me to risk, even by a word, the great object I have in
view."

"Perhaps I have," replied the Marchioness; "but yet, father, it was

imprudent to let this youth know that he had any rights."

"Not at all," replied the Priest, somewhat sternly. "That fact could
not be concealed. The very papers showed it, and the attempt to
keep it back naturally produced suspicion and inquiry. If others had
played their part as well as I did, and had watched carefully to
prevent all communication between your brother Michael and his
nephew, till De Montigni had signed, no harm would have arisen; but
my advice was ill followed; they were suffered to meet in private--
how, and when, I know not; but five minutes was sufficient to do all
the mischief. And now it is necessary that I should know what you
are about to do--what are your hopes of retrieving this affair--and
what scheme is to be followed for the future."

"What would you advise yourself, father?" inquired the lady,

willing to test his sincerity.

"Methinks," answered the Priest, "there is but one course to be

taken. Lose not a moment longer in vain deliberation, surprise, and
recrimination, but raise all the men of Liancourt, and send them out
to overtake this runaway ward. A thousand things may occur to stop
her. Dispatch messengers to Mayenne, Nemours, Aumale, with
information of the circumstances. Tell them to cut her off from the
King's camp and send her back. Once here, we will find means to
deal with her. This is your only chance; but a clue to her course may
be gained by the road which the old Commander follows. Be you
sure that he is going to join them; and it is even not improbable,
that they are waiting for him, at no great distance."

"Give me your hand, father Walter," cried the Marchioness. "All

that you propose is already ordered; and, if we succeed by your
assistance, not only Chizay, but another abbey, richer still, shall show
our gratitude--"

The priest waved his hand, and she added, with a smile, "to
enable you to promote the true interests of the Roman Catholic
religion."

Father Walter was about to reply; but at that moment one of the
Marchioness's women entered the room, saying, "Madam, here are
Theodore and one of the men you sent back to Chazeul, who wish to
speak with you directly."

Her mistress made her a sign to be silent, and father Walter,

observing her gesture, took his leave and retired.

CHAPTER XVI.

The night was as black as Acheron. The rain poured down in

torrents. The melting of the snow rendered the roads in the lower
parts one mass of mud and water, while the higher ground, where
the temperature was colder, afforded nothing but a slippery and
uncertain footing for the horses, over which they had the greatest
difficulty in making their way. There was no possibility of seeing
more than four or five yards in advance; the wind blew the falling
deluge in the eyes of the whole party; and the heart of Louis de
Montigni sank, when he thought of all that Rose d'Albret was
exposed to for his sake. He strove to cheer her, however, as she rode
beside him; he guided and supported her horse in all the more
difficult parts of the way; and often he expressed his fears and
apprehensions regarding her, almost regretting that any inducement
had led him to bring her forth in such a night as that.

Rose spoke little in return, for her heart was too full of manifold
sensations, her mind too busy with thought for many words; but all
that she did say was kind, and even cheerful; for she perceived
clearly his deep anxiety for her, and strove to lighten the load as
much as possible. She assured him that she did not mind the
tempest, that she was accustomed to endure such things frequently,
that her jennet was the most sure-footed beast on earth, that she
doubted not the sky would soon clear; and when she saw how he
reproached himself for all that she was enduring, she reassured him
by expressing her joy and thankfulness at having escaped from an
union, which every moment's thought rendered more odious in her
eyes. Thus they rode on for nearly an hour and an half, sometimes
slowly, sometimes rapidly, according to the nature of the ground: the
horsemen who accompanied them, keeping as close around them as
possible, for even such a dark and stormy night was not without
dangers of another kind, from the state of turbulent anarchy into
which the country was plunged.

At length, however, the rain suddenly ceased; the air became hot
and sultry; the wind died away; and Rose, turning to her lover,
exclaimed, "I told you, Louis, it would be finer soon."

Almost as she spoke, a bright blaze flashed over the whole sky,
illuminating the prospect on every side, which had before been
hidden under the dark veil of night. The trees of the forest on the
right, the wide undulating country on the left, the village and the
spire in the distance, the valley into which they were descending in
front, were all seen for a single instant, as clearly as if the day had
suddenly dawned; while, across the very midst of the glare which
blazed over the whole heaven, was seen a thin and quivering line of
more intense light, beginning near the zenith, and ending apparently
at a tree, some two or three hundred yards in advance, several large
limbs of which, were seen falling to the earth, with a rending and a
crashing sound, just as the darkness swept over the sky again, and
all was night once more.

The horses started at the blaze; and Rose d'Albret covered her
eyes with her hand, while Louis de Montigni checked the speed at
which they were proceeding, saying, "We must go more slowly, dear
Rose. This is unfortunate indeed."

"It may be so, Louis," replied his fair companion, "but storm, and
tempest, and the fierce turbulence of such a night as this, are
nothing in my eyes, compared with the slow and lengthened misery
of, a home without affection, and the living death of, a marriage
without love."

"Look! look, Sir! look!" cried one of the men, pointing forward to
the sky: but the eyes of his master, and of all the party were already
fixed on the same spot, where, in the midst of the heaven, one of
the most extraordinary phenomena of nature was suddenly
presented to them. For a space of several degrees the clouds
seemed to have rolled back, and were seen piled up, in enormous
masses on either hand, like the scenes flanking a wide stage, while
between them spread out an expanse of pale whitish light, with a
red wavy streak below, resembling a plain which has caught the
purple rays of the setting sun. On either hand, from amongst the
masses of vapour, appeared to dash forth bodies of fiery
combatants, horse and foot mingled together, rushing, charging,
overthrowing each other, now mixed in furious combat, now
separating for a moment, now chasing each other over the field.
Again and again the squadrons met, as if in deadly shock, and balls
of fire, as of some unearthly cannonade, crossed the sky in the
midst of that strange scene, till at length, while the fight seemed still
going on, the clouds once more rolled over the whole, and all
returned to darkness.[1]

"This is very strange," exclaimed Louis de Montigni: "I have heard

of such a thing; but I never believed it before."
 "We shall have a battle soon, Sir," said one of the men. "I wish we
could have seen which party won the day."

"The King's, to be sure," replied another; "did you not see how he
drove them back?"

"And which do you call the King's?" asked the young Baron,
smiling to see how readily imagination had seized upon the strange
sight they had beheld, to turn it to the purposes of superstition.

"That on the right, Sir," answered the man. "The King has the
right, I am sure; and besides, I saw him in the front rank with a
large plume in his casque."

"My eyes were not so good," said De Montigni. "Did you ever see
the King, Hugh?"

"Not I, Sir," replied the attendant; "but I am certain that was he,
and his horse was as red as blood."

His master said nothing in return, but rode on slowly, conversing

in a low tone with Rose d'Albret, while from time to time the
lightning flashed across their path, but less vividly than before; and
ere long the rain began to fall again, and the thunder ceased.

Now came the most fatiguing part of the journey, for the narrow
path which they were following entered the hilly and wooded
country about Montlandon and Champrond en Gatine, and they were
forced to climb and descend continually, over a road on which the
snow was but half melted and the mud up to the fetlocks of their
horses, while still the torrents poured down from the sky, drenching
their garments through and through. The wind had totally ceased,
but the air was more sultry and close than ever; and both horses
and riders suffered much from its oppressive warmth.

Rose d'Albret became silent from fatigue, for the agitation of the
last twenty-four hours now had its full effect upon her; and fears lest
her bodily strength should give way, added to what she suffered.
There is a calm and persevering endurance which goes far; there is
a light-hearted and hopeful energy which carries one through
innumerable evils; but the greatest burden upon all exertion is the
fear of failing--if once we let apprehension take possession of us.
Rose knew that it is so, and she strove hard, for De Montigni's sake,
to banish all such alarm; but the time seemed very weary, the way
interminably long. She looked anxiously for the first, grey light of
morning. More than once--when at the bottom of a hill--she thought
she saw some streaks of light over the brow; and as often she was
disappointed, till at length, as they issued forth from a thick forest
that then lay between Marolles and the edge of La Beauce, her lover
exclaimed gladly, "There, there is the daylight, Rose;" and looking
forward, she perceived distinctly the faint hues of coming day
stretching over the eastern sky, and the dark walls and towers of the
castle of Montlandon on its wooded height, standing out in strong
relief.

That castle offers now nothing but a picturesque ruin to the eye
of the passing traveller; but, at the time I speak of, it was inhabited;
and a beacon fire on one of the turrets, waning in lustre with the
rising light, told that its owner took part for one side or the other in
the civil war.

"If I remember right," said Louis de Montigni, speaking to the

man who acted as their guide, "that is Montlandon; cannot we get
shelter there?"

"No, Sir, oh no!" replied the soldier. "We must change the colour
of our scarfs if we do; for Monsieur de Montlandon is furious for the
Union, and a great friend of Monsieur de Chazeul's."

"That is unfortunate indeed," said De Montigni. "Alas! dear Rose,

I fear you are well nigh exhausted. Can you go on, my beloved?"
 "Oh, yes!" answered Rose, in as cheerful a tone as she could
assume; "for another hour, Louis--or two, should it be needed."

"It will not be safe to stop, Mademoiselle, till we get to Les

Châtelets," observed the attendant, who was one of the old
followers of the good Commander de Liancourt, "and that is near
three leagues; but the road is better here in Beauce; and we can go
faster in the daylight. But we had better use speed, Sir, and pass this
village and Champrond before the people are awake, or we may find
enemies."

"With all my heart," cried Rose d'Albret; "this slow travelling in the
darkness is more fatiguing far than a quick pace;" and putting their
horses into a brisk canter, they hurried through Montlandon, before
any of the cottage windows showed signs of waking life. When they
reached Champrond, however, a good many of the villagers were
standing out under the shelter of their doors. The greater part,
indeed, seemed more terrified at the sight of the body of horsemen,
than desirous of impeding their progress, and retreated into their
houses as soon as the white scarfs appeared. But one stout
blacksmith stood before his forge, and shouted as they passed,
"What news from the armies?"

"The King has taken Dreux," replied one of the attendants, in the
same loud tone, "and is marching upon Chartres."

"Curses on the Maheutre!" cried the blacksmith, and retired

grumbling into his dwelling.

No opposition, however, was offered to their passage; and at a

quick pace they hurried on; but the anxious eye of De Montigni saw
that Rose's cheek was very pale, her fair head bent down, and the
hand which held her bridle resting on the pommel of the saddle, as
if she could hardly manage her reins.

"Ah, dearest girl," he said, "let us stop at the first cottage. You
are faint,--you are ill."
 "No, no," she answered; "I can go on, Louis. I am somewhat
tired, but I can go on," and in about five minutes more their guide
exclaimed,

"There is the Eure! We shall soon be safe!"

Such words of encouragement revived the poor girl's strength for

a few minutes longer, till a hamlet, containing some half dozen
houses, appeared a little to the left, and De Montigni, without
further question, turned his horse's head thither, sprang to the
ground at the door of the first cottage, and, throwing his arm round
his fair companion, lifted her from the saddle.

Rose leaned upon his bosom, for she could not support herself;
and, raising her in his arms, he carried her into the hut, where they
found a peasant and his young wife taking their early meal. The
good people of this place seemed to know little, or care little, of
Royalists and Leaguers. They were of the best party, the party of
human nature; and the young woman rose eagerly from the table,
with expressions of kindly compassion, to assist poor Rose d'Albret,
laid her upon her own bed, all dripping as she was, and insisted
upon making her put on some of her own apparel, while she dried
the lady's wet garments at the fire. Fatigue and exhaustion,
however, were the greatest evils under which Rose was suffering;
and De Montigni eagerly asked for wine, as her pale cheeks and
bloodless lips showed him how faint she felt.

"Here is cyder," said the peasant, "but that is poor stuff for such a
lady; and wine we have none."

"Run, Victor, run down to the priest's," cried his wife; "you will get
wine there."

"Or at Master Leger's," answered the cottager; "he has better

wine than the priest."
 "I will go myself," cried De Montigni. "Come with me, good man;
and, while we are gone, your wife can undress the lady and assist
her to bed. A few hours' repose will do her much good."

"I am better now, Louis," said Rose d'Albret, stretching out her
hand to him; "do not leave me long. I am afraid of some one coming
while you are gone."

"I will be but an instant, dearest Rose," replied her lover, "and in
the meanwhile our people shall remain round the house. You had
better take off your wet clothes, dear one;" and he added, with a
faint smile, "I have no title to be present at your toilette yet."

The colour came faintly into her cheeks again; and, once more
promising not to be many minutes absent, the young nobleman
hurried away with the peasant, closing the door behind him, and
bidding the attendants remain on guard before the house till he
returned.

At the end of the little straggling hamlet stood a house with a

projecting pole, from which was suspended a withered bush, giving
clear indication that there was the place where village festivals,
marriages, and merry makings, usually were celebrated. Here some
tolerable wine was easily procured, and, hurrying back with it, De
Montigni was soon by the side of her he loved, who, now stretched
on the low bed of the good peasants, had already somewhat
recovered the rosy look of health, and spoke cheerfully to him of
being soon able to proceed.

But De Montigni did not feel so confident of Rose's powers, and

inquired anxiously of the peasants, whether any carriage or litter
could be procured in the neighbourhood. Nothing of the kind,
however, was to be heard of, and they assured him that to seek any
conveyance but a horse or a mule nearer than Chartres or Dreux,
was quite out of the question. He then proposed to construct a litter
in haste, but Rose would not hear of it, declaring, that in an hour's
time she would be quite ready to pursue her journey on horseback;
and, indeed, she seemed so eager to go on, and so fearful of being
overtaken, that she would fain have risen even before an hour was
over, declaring that she had had rest enough. De Montigni, however,
persuaded her to remain for half an hour longer; and, going out of
the door with their young host, he made some inquiries regarding
the state of the country in the neighbourhood, and the best road he
could follow towards Dreux.

The replies he received were not altogether satisfactory. Several

large bodies of men, the peasant said, had passed through the
village the day before; but whether they were Royalists or Leaguers
he could not well tell, as he took no great heed of such things, and
the soldiers had passed on without stopping, even to drink. One
corps had taken up its quarters for the night, he heard, in a village
about a league and a half farther on; but every fact he mentioned
showed the young nobleman that it would be needful to use every
precaution, during their onward journey, in order to avoid falling into
the hands of the Leaguers. For this purpose, he determined to send
forward one of the attendants, with directions to keep about half a
mile in advance of the rest of the party, while another preceded
them by about three hundred yards, so that early intelligence might
be obtained of any approaching danger. A man, too, was left to
follow at a little distance behind, for the purpose of guarding against
being overtaken suddenly by any party of pursuers from the Château
of Marzay, though De Montigni had good hope that the speed with
which they travelled, had removed all risk of such an event.

Everything being prepared, all orders given, the horses refreshed

and fed, and Rose d'Albret dressed in the clothes which had been
dried before a large wood fire, she was once more placed upon the
back of her jennet, and, at a slower pace than before, they again set
out upon their journey, after De Montigni had amply paid for all that
he had taken. At a distance of about a mile from the village, the
man who had been thrown forward, returned to say, that the ropes
of the ferry-boat over the Eure had been cut by the soldiers, as they
passed on the preceding day, and that they must go further up the
stream to seek a ford.

The weather, however, had become somewhat finer. The rain had
ceased, except a few drops from a flying cloud, now and then. Rose
looked and spoke cheerfully, and seemed really to have recovered
from the fatigue she had undergone; the fear of being overtaken
had grown fainter with every league they had advanced; and though
the Eure was somewhat flooded by the rains that had fallen, they
soon found a ford. The marks of horses' feet showed that some
persons had passed not long before, and, causing the whole of his
little troop to keep on the left, in order to break the force of the
water, De Montigni led over the lady's jennet, without much
difficulty, and gained the opposite bank.

This obstacle overcome, they proceeded for half an hour more

without encountering any fresh impediment; and, giving way to
hope and love, they talked of future happiness and bright days to
come, and gave way to all the dreams that visit the young heart in
the season of fancy and expectation, and clothe the coming years
with all the glittering garments of imaginary joy. They were both too
young, they were both too inexperienced not to feel the heart rise
the moment that danger and apprehension ceased; and, to say
truth, though Hope may be--as she is often too justly called--an
untiring deceiver, yet, even in the midst of her false promises, she
confers real and inestimable benefits, giving us strength to endure
and courage to go on, which none of the truer and more substantial
things of life can afford.

Thus the happy dreams in which Rose d'Albret and her lover
indulged, during that brief half hour, comforted and refreshed her
more than the repose she obtained at the cottage; but the pleasant
moments were soon interrupted. At the end of the time we have
named, the man who was farthest in advance rode back at speed to
the one behind him, and, taking his place, sent him back to tell De
Montigni that a body of some two hundred horse were moving over
the country before them, in the direction of Tremblay. The first
soldier had halted; and, riding up with the man who served them as
guide, De Montigni asked him, with some anxiety, if he had been
seen. The reply was in the negative; and a consultation was held as
to what course should now be pursued, in order to avoid
encountering the party which he had observed. It was at length
determined to take the cross roads to the east, and, once more the
Eure, to endeavour to reach the King's camp at Dreux, from the side
of Paris.

"We shall have better roads there, Sir," said their guide, "and shall
run less risk; for the country about Hauteville, Poigny, Epernon, and
Maintenon generally holds for the King."

"It will lengthen the way," replied De Montigni; "and I fear for
Mademoiselle d'Albret."

"Oh, do not think of me, Louis," exclaimed Rose; "if it is a safer

road, it will seem to me a shorter one."

"Besides, Monsieur le Baron," rejoined the guide, "we can rest as

long as we like at Nogent Leroy, for it has always been loyal; and,
though little more than a village, it defended itself against the
Chevalier d'Aumale and three hundred of the League. We can reach
it in less than two hours."

"Then let us thither with all speed," answered De Montigni; "for

there we shall find safety and repose combined, dear Rose."

This plan was accordingly followed; and, in less than the time
mentioned Nogent Leroy was reached, without any further peril or
impediment. Though, as the guide had described it, the place was in
fact but a village, yet gates, and freshly erected barricades gave it at
that time the air of a town; and the marks of musket-balls, in the
wood-work of the palisade, showed that it had been fiercely
attacked and had shown a gallant resistance. The little party was
stopped for a moment at the barriers, but the white scarfs worn by
De Montigni's men, and the answer of "Vive le Roi!" to the "Qui
vive?" of the guard, soon obtained them admission; and, riding on
down the street, they reached a small but clean and neat looking
inn, over the door of which was written the usual inscription,
"Lodging for man and horse."

The host came out to meet them, showed them into a room
strewed with rushes, called forth his wife in eager and imperative
tones to wait upon the lady, and began in the same breath to ask
tidings of his guests, and to communicate all the information which
he himself possessed. The intelligence he afforded indeed was much
more important than any that De Montigni could supply in return; for
the very first news he gave imported, that a battle might be
expected every hour, that the two armies must be within a few
leagues of each other, and that parties of Leaguers and Royalists
were hurrying up from every quarter to swell the ranks of Mayenne
and the King.

These tidings somewhat startled De Montigni and his fair

companion; but the host, who was an eager Royalist, spoke so
confidently of the certain defeat of the League and the triumph of
the King, that the apprehension of fresh dangers and difficulties,
which the intelligence had at first produced, soon died away; and De
Montigni, turning to her he loved as soon as they were alone,
pressed her hand in his, saying, "God send the King good success,
dear Rose: but even if it should be otherwise, which I will not
believe we can but pursue our flight somewhat further, and the very
hurry and confusion of such events will serve to conceal us from the
eyes of those we have most cause to fear."

Rose indeed could scarcely view the matter so cheerfully; but she
would not show her apprehensions, and only asked what course her
lover would pursue, if it should be found that a battle had been
fought and lost by the King, before they reached his camp.
 "That cannot well be, dear Rose," replied De Montigni; "for I trust
we shall reach his camp to-night. They say he has raised the siege
of Dreux, and is now at Annet. You can take three or four hours' rest
here, and yet reach that place before dark. We must do so, if
possible; for in case of success we shall then be free from danger:
and in case of reverse we shall have the means of judging in what
direction to turn our steps. If further flight should be necessary,
which heaven forbid! I know that my own dear Rose will not hesitate
to give me her hand at once, to remove all chance of separation;
and I would fain obtain the King's written sanction to our union, to
obviate all difficulties, before a battle takes place--the event of which
is always doubtful."

He held Rose's hand in his as he spoke; and, though she bent

down her eyes under his eager gaze, she gave no sign of hesitation
or reluctance. Yet he could not be satisfied without full consent; and
he asked, "Shall it not be so, dear Rose? Will you not be mine at
once?"

"I am yours, De Montigni," replied Rose d'Albret in a low tone.

"You will never ask ought that is wrong, I am sure; so that I may
well promise to grant whatever you do ask. But I hope we shall find
the King, and that he will win the day, and then I may be yours
openly and happily, and not in flight, and dread, and concealment."

CHAPTER XVII.

It was once more night--dark, solemn, and sad: the country was a
wide undulating plain raised high above the course of the river,
which might be heard, swelled by the melting of the snows and the
heavy rains that had lately fallen, rushing on with a hoarse murmur
through its hollow banks. No hedge-rows, as in England, diversified
the scene by daylight, or gave, even in the obscurity of night, that
appearance of care and culture which always brings with it the idea
of comfort. On the contrary, all was bleak, wide, and desolate. The
sight lost itself in the dark expanse, except where part of a distant
village might be faintly seen by a sort of lurid glare that hung over it,
rising in black masses against the sky upon the right, with its tall yet
heavy spire towering above the rest, and where, towards the left, an
indefinite something, confused and vague, rested upon the horizon,
as if the rounded tops of trees bounded the plain in that direction.
Such was the scene through which Louis de Montigni travelled slowly
with Rose d'Albret on the night of the 15th. She was weary,
exhausted, anxious; and he, with his heart sinking on her account,
looked forward into the deep and sombre scene before him, seeking
some object to give hope of repose and shelter, but finding little to
encourage or console.

Suddenly a light flitted along by the side of the village, feeble and
small as a glow-worm's lamp: but still it raised expectation; and De
Montigni said in a low voice, "Surely, that must be St. André."

"Perhaps the King may not be there either, Louis," replied Rose in
a faint tone: "all these reports may be as false as that he was at
Annet. But, whatever be the case, De Montigni, I fear I must stop at
the first houses; for, to say truth, I can go no farther."

"I wish we had not quitted Annet, my beloved," exclaimed the

young nobleman; "but see, there are more lights. 'Tis this orchard
that hid them. Yes, yes! dear Rose, we are at length coming near
the camp."

"Thank God!" replied Rose d'Albret: but she said no more; for
with the sense of relief which she experienced at the thought of
finding repose even for a night, were mingled manifold doubts and
apprehensions regarding the future, as well as all the complicated
emotions which might well thrill through a woman's heart, at the
idea of presenting herself before the many eyes of a strange court,
under such circumstances, and at such a moment.

As they advanced, and turned the low wall of a small farm, a new
scene broke upon their sight. The village, which was extensive,
stretched away to the right; and, amongst the gardens and
orchards, a thousand lights were to be seen, either passing along
from one place to another as officers and messengers sped from
regiment to regiment, or fixed though flickering in one place, where
the soldiery had lighted fires to keep themselves warm during the
night and to dry their clothing, wetted by the frequent showers
which had diversified the day.

Sounds innumerable too met the ear as they came nearer,--first a

faint noise, then a mingled roar like the rushing of a torrent; and
then various noises began to detach themselves from the rest,--loud
laughter--the merry song--the solemn hymn--the hoarse shout--the
word of command--the call of one companion to another--the
hammering of the blacksmith's anvil--the groaning of the forge--the
clash of steel, as the armourers and farriers plied the busy stroke,
repairing arms and shoeing horses, and once or twice the shrill blast
of the trumpet.

No challenge was given as they rode on, for the position of the
enemy was now exactly ascertained, and surprise was not expected;
but one or two of the officers advanced to the side of the road from
the neighbouring gardens, and gazed for an instant upon the
passing troop, to see if they recognised any friends amongst the
new comers, as the light of the watch-fire flashed upon their faces.

Notwithstanding fatigue, anxiety, and fear, Rose d'Albret could not

but feel the excitement of the scene. Sometimes guarded by
palisades, sometimes sheltered by the low walls, sometimes in the
open field, they passed innumerable groups of soldiers seated round
their fires, and just concluding their evening meal. Marks of toil and
strife were on the faces of all, whether of the gay Catholic or the
stern and rigid Huguenot; and no glittering coats of arms, no jewels
and embroidery were there, nothing but cold grey steel, and buff
coats, and caps rusty with long exposure to the rain, and scarred
and weather-beaten countenances, on which, however, sat an
expression of confidence and fearless preparation, which is often an
omen of success.

Round some of the fires the veterans were telling tales of former
wars, and victories long since achieved. At others, one selected for
his voice or skill, was singing; and, whether Papist or Protestant,
whether his song was the gay ballad of the day, or one of the
canticles of the Reformers, it still spoke the fearless expectation of
triumph.

At a slow pace, for the weary horses could hardly drag their limbs
along, De Montigni and the lady advanced till they reached the
entrance of the village; but here a guarded barricade opposed their
further progress; and, as they could not give the word, the soldiers
refused them admission.

"I am seeking the King," said the young nobleman; "send hither
the officer of the watch as fast as you can; for we are very weary
and must have repose."

Even as he spoke, a plain old man, whose dress betokened some

rank in the army, approached the barrier, and replied to the last
words he had uttered by saying, "Good faith, young gentleman! you
will find no lodging in St. André. Two thirds of us are obliged to sleep
in the streets. There is not a dog-kennel untenanted."

"It is not for myself, Sir, that I care," answered De Montigni, "but
for this lady, who in truth can go no further. At all events, I must see
the King, if you will kindly cause him to be informed that the Baron
de Montigni is here."
 The old officer gazed in the face of Rose d'Albret with a look of
inquiry, not rude but compassionate; and after a moment's pause he
answered, "I think, Monsieur de Montigni, the King expected you.
There was a messenger arrived an hour ago from the Commander
de Liancourt, and your name was mentioned, I know; but I am sorry
to say his Majesty is not now in the village, and may not return for
some hours. You will find him about a league hence, placing the
artillery.--But stay! I will make inquiries: there may be some orders
left for you. Here, Jacques, run up to the King's quarters, and tell
them that Monsieur de Montigni is here. Ask what his Majesty said
about him.--Ah, my poor young lady, you look tired enough," he
continued, as the soldier sped away; "and yet I cannot ask you to
alight and repose yourself, for every cottage is filled to the door with
soldiery--a rude scene for such as you. I can give you some
refreshment, however," he added suddenly, as if the thought had
only just struck him. "Here, D'Avesne, D'Avesne! run in and get out
some wine. In the pannier behind the door, you will find a bottle of
good old burgundy and a horn cup: bring them hither, quick. There,
stand back, good fellows! Did you never see a tired party come in?
They do not want your company."

The last words were addressed to three or four idlers who had
sauntered up, and, leaning their folded arms upon the barricade,
were staring rudely at Rose d'Albret and her companions. They now,
however, walked away with a laugh, which made the warm colour
come back into poor Rose's cheek, as she felt herself the object of
scorn rather than pity. The moment after, the man who had been
sent for the wine returned, and after much persuasion from De
Montigni she took some, though it tasted hot and burning to her
parched lips rather than refreshing. It seemed to revive her a little,
however, when she had swallowed it; and she saw that there would
be need of all her remaining strength: for the picture which
imagination had painted of a royal camp, and of immediate
admission to the King's pavilion, and of a brilliant circle of nobles
forming his court, had by this time all faded away; and she found