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Lect. 6 Planning and Scheduling Techniques

Chapter 3 discusses the concept of planning in project management, emphasizing its importance, processes, and methods. Key terminologies such as milestones, deliverables, scope, and Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) are defined to aid in understanding project objectives and organization. The chapter outlines the necessity of planning to reduce uncertainty, improve efficiency, and provide a framework for monitoring and controlling project work.

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7 views21 pages

Lect. 6 Planning and Scheduling Techniques

Chapter 3 discusses the concept of planning in project management, emphasizing its importance, processes, and methods. Key terminologies such as milestones, deliverables, scope, and Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) are defined to aid in understanding project objectives and organization. The chapter outlines the necessity of planning to reduce uncertainty, improve efficiency, and provide a framework for monitoring and controlling project work.

Uploaded by

wahedzada0
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Planning

Chapter 3

Lecture 6
In this part
• What is planning?
• Importance of planning
• Process of planning
• Methods of Planning
Terminology

• Milestone
• Deliverables
• Activities
• Scope
• WBS
Terminology…

• Milestones: -key points of accomplishment & their


completion date expectations. Identify when one or
multiple groups of activities have been completed.
• Deliverable: A deliverable is a measurable and tangible
outcome of the project.
• Scope: is the summation of deliverables (description of
the end product) required as part of the project.
• Project scope: is the work that must be completed to
achieve the final scope of the project.
• An activity or task: is an element of work normally found
on the WBS that has an expected duration, a cost, and
resource requirements.
Terminology…
• WBS:
• Work – a specific activity/function/assignment
• Breakdown – to divide (the work) into parts
under decomposition (tools & techniques used)
• Structure – something arrange in a definite
pattern of organization
Terminology…
• The project objectives (& Milestone) must be SMART

o S = specific=clear & well define


o M= measurable
o A = agreed upon by stakeholders
o R = realistic =possible to achieve
o T = time = within clear time goals
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
Project
Function of WBS?
Level 1: System

Level 2: Subsystem
Why WBS?
Level 3: Task

WBS

Cost Estimating Activity Definition

Cost Budgeting Risk Management


Planning

Resource Planning

7
Terminology…
• WBS:
• Process of subdividing/decomposing (breaking down)
project deliverables and project work into smaller, more
manageable components
• Why?
- for accurate estimates, a performance measurement &
control
- for clear responsibility assignments
❑Benefit:
• WBS organizes & defines the total scope of the project
Create WBS
• Create WBS
• Project sub-divided into hierarchical units of tasks,
work packages, and work units.
• Each part of unit tasks, work packages and work
units is budget able, in terms of money, labor hours,
and other requisite resources.
• Project is breakdown into a group of activities.
• Each activity is breakdown into a task list.
• This task list is put into a calendar.
• Then, assign people, time, money and other
resources.
Create WBS…
• Schedule Task list into calendar.
• Assigning people, time, money to each activity.
• Make themselves competent.
• Managing “intelligent” people.
Create WBS…
• Breakdown task into activities
• Top-down refinement possible
• List activities which form a single operation or function which you know is
achievable
• Work breakdown structure
• (Product breakdown structure)
Create WBS…
Example of WBS: “Holiday”
Create WBS…
List of activities;
Booking:
• get brochures
• choose resort
• make booking
• confirm booking
Travel documents:
• check passport
• book tickets
• get insurance
• visas
• travel money
• etc.
What is Planning?

• General: “the function of selecting organization’s


objectives and establishing the policies, procedures,
and programs necessary for achieving them.

• Project management context: “establishing an


predetermined course of action within a forecasted
environment”
Planning Functions
Planning

Estimating Scheduling Construction

Cost Resources Task Cost Resources Site Layout Technology

- Materials - Cost - Materials - Methods


- Activity
Profiles - Resource
Direct Indirect - Equipment Start & - Equipment - Organization
Aggregation
- Manpower Finish Dates - Resource - Manpower
- Overheads - Project Start & Leveling
- Materials
- Profit Finish Dates - Limited
- Equipment
- Sequences of Resource
- Manpower
Operations Allocation
Why Project Planning?
Activity one:
Why do we need planning for construction projects?

❖Group 5 students
❖Write 1 reason per student
❖Share your ideas in your home group
❖Present 2 reasons per group
Why Project Planning?
❖4 basic reasons for Project Planning (Kerzner)
1. to eliminate or reduce uncertainty
2. to improve efficiency of the operation
3. to obtain better understanding of the objectives
4. to provide a basis for monitoring & controlling the work
Project Planning
20 Processes involve: (refer Knowledge Area and Process Table)
1. Develop PM Plan }PIM
2. Collect Requirements }
3. Define Scope } PSM
4. Create WBS }
5. Define Activities }
6. Sequence Activities }
7. Estimate Activity Resources } PTM
8. Estimate Activity Duration }
9. Develop Schedule
Project Planning
10. Estimate Cost } PCM
11. Determine Budget } PCM
12. Plan Quality } PQM
13. Develop Human Resource Plan } PHRM
14. Plan Communications } PComM
15. Plan Risk Management }
16. Identify Risks }
17. Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis } PRM
18. Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis }
19. Plan Risk Responses }
20. Plan Procurement } PPM
Project Planning…
9 Major Components of the planning phase: (Kerzner)
• Objectives = a goal, target
• Program = the strategy to be followed & major actions
to be taken to achieve the objectives
• Schedule = activities to start & complete
• Budget = planned expenditure
• Forecast = a projection what will happen in certain time
• Organization = structures, duties & responsibilities
• Policy = guide for decision making
• Procedure = detailed method for carrying out a policy
• Standard = a level of individual/group performance
Strategy = plans or methods created for the purpose of a
a goal;
Thank you

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